MARIFAT
Year:2023 | Volume:32 | Issue:8|Papers Count:8

From the point of view of Islam, the core of all values is faith in God. In the narrations, various topics about faith have been raised, some of which were mentioned under the title "Truth of Faith". Another topic that is discussed in the narrations about faith is "the perfection of faith". Of course, as it was mentioned, the Infalibles did not seek logical and classical discussions in the narrations, rather, they expressed something according to the situation of the audience and their needs. Therefore, the observed differences should not be the source of contempt and the illusion of difference between the narrations. These differences are, in fact, teachings that a teacher gives to his student or a coach to his coachee in order to remind him of some points to use in life. Some components of the perfection of faith are: avoiding violation of the right, correct understanding of religion, overcoming religion over lust and entrusting affairs to God. This article explains in detail the components of perfection faith and its description and interpretation.

The political performance of Imam Ali (PBUH) during the Caliphate era had special features and created a different atmosphere in the world of politics and brought different approaches and views from thinkers and orientalists. The author is trying to investigate and criticize the views of the Orientalists about the political behavior of Imam Ali (PBUH) during the three caliphates. Using a descriptive-analytical method and a historical approach, this research came to the conclusion that some Orientalists have introduced the political career of Imam Ali (PBUH) to accusations such as weakness in political thought, lack of calculation and simplicity and sabotage towards some caliphs. These cases are based on a materialistic and biased attitude, while Imam Ali (PBUH)'s political behavior can be evaluated based on human principles and Islamic fundamentals. However, with a fair and positive view, some Orientalists have analyzed Imam Ali (PBUH)'s political behavior in the face of the caliphs as an action to maintain the unity of Muslims, honesty and disciplined cooperation with the caliphs.

The intellectual movement in general and religious intellectuals in particular do not believe much in the issue of the relationship between religion and politics. Mehdi Bazargan, as one of the prominent religious intellectuals who has many works and is of interest to a large part of the intellectual movement, in some of his works, referring to the evidences of the lives of some Imams (PBUT), concludes that in their lives, religion and politics were separate categories. Using a deskresearch and documentary method and analyzing the text with a critical approach, we have tried to put these concepts in the crucible of criticism and evaluation based on historical sources. The result shows that contrary to the Bazergans' cases and evidences, the life of the Imams (PBUT) show that religion was not separated from politics and government.

After the demise of the Messenger of God (PBUH&HH), the holy Imams (PBUH) taught their followers religious teachings with the aim of protecting the religion of Islam and guiding the Islamic society. They designed an independent educational system based on the foundations of the Imamite system of thought, in which specific texts and topics were taught in order to give Shiites needed knowledge, help them to overcome scientific crises and distinguish them from others. Due to the lack of research in this field and the need of the scientific community for a model, there is no accurate picture of this issue so that we can review the past and compare it with the current situation, examine the weaknesses or strengths, and analyze the history. Therefore, this research was aimed to find out in a historical and narrative study what are the texts and axes of the Imamite educational system in the first five centuries of Hijri, due to the historical importance of this period. The result of the research based on the study method in the educational structure, including the research on textbooks as an element in the educational system and the use of historical and hadith sources in a descriptive-analytical way, indicated that, due to the need for Shiite texts and teachings, Imamite Shiites have been active in the field of religious sciences under the influence of their Imams, and have prioritized certain areas of education and used educational texts.

The main goal of this research is to compare the personality of Muawiyah (son of Abu Sufyan) based on historical data and the characteristics of hypocrites in the Holy Quran. Studying and examining historical reports, the authors in this research have tried to get a comprehensive picture of Muawiya's personality dimensions (cognitive, belief, tendency, moral and behavioral). This research has dealt with the conventional qualitative content analysis method of categorization and examination of relevant historical propositions. The results show that Muawiya, in the cognitive dimension, is plagued by ignorance, stupidity and misguidance; And in terms of belief, he was a denier of Islam, and in the field of orientation, he had a tendency towards God's enemies (polytheists and infidels) and supporting them was his main effort. His morals and corrupt behavior also tell the story of an infested field full of poisonous weeds, the result of which is confronting the manifestations of Islam and the Alawite religion. For this reason, his biography has a basic correspondence with the personality type of the hypocrites in the Qur'an. Knowing this kind of personality of hypocrites and opponents of the Islamic government can be a guide and opener for the rulers and officials of the Islamic system in facing similar incidents.

Today, one of the problems of the Islamic world is the emergence of Takfiri groups such as Al-Qaeda, Nusra, Taliban, and ISIS, which have targeted the lives of Muslims, especially Shiites, and by referring to the lives of the Companions of the Messenger of God (PBUH&HH), they think of Muslims and start terrorizing and killing them and committing crimes. Using a deskreaserch method and historical approach, this article has investigated the root of the crimes and massacres caused by the takfir of opponents and Muslims in the life of the Companions in order to identify and invalidate the claims of the takfiri and Salafi groups that committed the takfir of Muslims and terrorized them; to find out which companions of the Messenger of God (PBUH&HH), and which rulers and sects they follow. Because the Messenger of God (PBUH&HH), the righteous predecessors, the true Muslims and the Shiites of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT), not only did not engage in takfir and terrorizing Muslims, but also forbade it.

Dealing with the life of the Companions of the Holy Imams (PBUT) can lead to the clarification of the conditions governing the Islamic society during the time of the Imams (PBUT) and also the educational role of the Imams (PBUT). Using the descriptive-analytical method, the personality dimensions of Saeed Ibn Jubeir have been studied in this article. He was one of the special Shiites of Imam Sajjad (PBUH), who played a role in various dimensions during the period of that Imam (PBUH) and finally he was martyred by the order of Hajjaj bin Yusuf Thaghafi. He is praised by Shia and Sunni scholars from a scientific point of view (exegesis, recitation, etc.) and practice. According to the conditions of the Islamic society of his era (Umayyad rule period), Saeed played a significant role. In the political and social dimension, it is possible to mention the acceptance of cooperation with the judicial system and participation in Ibn Ash'ath's rebellion against Hajjaj. In the intellectual and cultural dimension, Saeed confronted deviant thoughts in different ways. He was eventually martyred due to his insistence on his beliefs.

The Holy Quran, emphasizing the Arabian Peninsula, refers to the life of ignorance in the world parallel to the rise of Islam. Of course, this question is raised, what was the situation of Iran in the era of the rise of Islam? And the more precise question is, how was the religious status of kings as the main element of power in Iran parallel to the rise of Islam? Using a descriptive-analytical method and a historical approach, this article has answered the question of what are the characteristics and consequences of the religious life of the Sassanid kings? The output of the mentioned research emphasizes the unreasonable characteristics in the religious life of the Sassanid kings and its negative consequences. The current research is based on four indicators: the definition of God-like position, the definition of the position of "God's appointed successor", religious diversity, and aggressive approach towards other religions. The mentioned indicators led to the creation of deviation in Zoroastrian religion, wealth accumulation of Zoroastrian elders, distancing of people from spirituality and limiting themselves to harsh and unreasonable actions, expansion of Christianity in Iran, and migration of people. The stated conditions, among other things, had created a difficult situation for the people of Iran; Therefore, when Islam entered Iran, people welcomed it and became Muslims.