JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Year:2017 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 (10) |Papers Count:8

Aim: Nowadays, measuring learning skills in perceptual motor field is a practical approach to a better understanding of brain processes. The present research was done to compare the mental maze function and bilateral nerve transmission learning (based on the mirror drawing test) on good and poor audiovisual memory of students.Methods: This study was casual-comparative with multistage cluster sampling. Accordingly, 180 male students of Urmia University were selected (90 people in each group of good and poor audiovisual memory). Peterson mental maze, motor learning test (mirror- drawing) and visual and verbal index of revised form of Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R) were used to gather data.Findings: The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) by controlling variables of education, age and gender showed that the error and time average of mirror-drawing in the group with good audiovisual memory were less than the group with poor memory. Also the average error in mental maze in the group with good audiovisual memory were less than the group with poor memory (p<0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that those with good audiovisual memory have better reaction in brain bilateral transfer of learning tasks (tasks in coordination with both hands and the interaction of cognitive function of the brain hemisphere) and they were drawing in the mirror with less time and fewer errors. Also they have better skills in spatial memory which is in charge with storing information in environment and spatial orientation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to discriminant subtypes of ADHD by means of Quantitative Electroencephalography results.Methods: 100 ADHD children aged between 8-12 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD based on Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA) results were included in this study. We had three types of ADHD based on IVA test including of inattentive type, hyperactive type and combined type. EEG evaluation was performed on these children, using 21 channel EEG device, and their brain waves were recorded from 19 point of their head. Absolute power and relative power of EEG data were calculated for each of patients. We used MANOVA and Discriminate analysis for analysis of data.Findings: The results showed that there is a positive relationship between brain wave patterns in QEEG and different kinds of ADHD diagnosed by IVA test. Relative power (RP) of theta wave could discriminant inattentive type from hyperactive type in ADHD children. there was more theta wave at O2 (Right occipital) in hyperactive type in comparison to inattentive and combined type.Conclusion: considering that theta in O2 (Right occipital) in hyperactive type is more than inattentive and combined type, Therapist who don’t have access to QEEG evaluation for diagnosis, can be effective in alleviating hyperactive symptoms in hyperactive type by reduction of theta wave in occipital region, particularly in o2.

Aim: Educational problems and especially the particular problems of learning in children have attracted much attention. One of the aspects to consider is the neuropsychological characteristics of these children. The aim of this study was to study the neuropsychological functions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (cognitive flexibility, perseveration, time, first pattern efforts) in children with mathematical learning disabilities and compare them with normal children and children with other types of Learning disabilities.Method: For do this, using convenience, four groups of children (a group of normal students and three groups of students with mathematical, reading and writing learning disabilities), using purposeful sampling, were selected from children referred to the Children's Learning Center with special learning problems. The WCST test software was applied to the sample groups and the results were analyzed using MANOVA.Findings: The results showed that children with normal and mathematical disorder had a significant difference in cognitive flexibility, perseveration and effort for the first pattern. Also, children with special disabilities in mathematic had as much children with reading disabilities as dysfunction, but the two groups showed more dysfunction than children with a disability.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the profile of the executive function of students with mathematical learning disability is different from the children with writing disability and normal children, but it similar with reading disabled children.

Aim: Introduction: Techniques that directly examine and regulate the activity of the cortex can helps to improving working memory and response time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebral magnetic stimulation on working memory and reaction time in athlete girls.Method: This study was semi- experimental method which was carried out using two groups with pre- test- and post-test design. A sample of 30 female athletes from the city of Shadegan were selected by sampling method and participated in the research process. First, a pre- test was taken. All respondents tested the reaction time and also a working memory test was taken. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: trans cranial Direct Current Stimulation and sham group. Acquisition stage was held in 2 days and a one rest day in between.Results: The results showed that brain of trans cranial Direct Current Stimulation improved the progressive working memory, postoperative, mental control, logical memory, and retrieval. It also reduces the simple reaction time and selective.Conclusion: In a general conclusion, direct brain stimulation in the prefrontal cortex in female students is one of the ways that can improve working memory and reduce the reaction time in athlete girls.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between brain- behavioral systems activity mediated by positive and negative emotions on social anxiety of students.Method: This study is correlational and structural modeling. In this study 409 students (200 males, 194 females and 15 unknown), from the University of Mashhad were selected by convenience sampling and three questionnaires: Social Anxiety Inventory (SPI), Positive and Negative Affect Scale Panas (PANAS) and Brain-behavioral systems scale (BAS/ BIS) in the form of self- report questionnaires. The raw data using structural modeling to estimate the maximum fit and were analyzed using LISREL software.Results: The results indicate that the theoretical model is a good fit. Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) directly associated with social anxiety as well as indirectly through negative emotions associated with social anxiety. As well as behavioral inhibition system associated with positive affect as significant negative relationship. Behavioral Aproach System (BAS) also indirectly through the positive affect, have an impact on social anxiety. The Fight/ Flight/ Freeze System (FFFS) through negative emotions associated with social anxiety.Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) both are significantly related with social anxiety. The impact of emotions (positive and negative affects) between path of brain- behavior systems and social anxiety, is important.Conclusion: High levels of negative affect in person, or low levels of positive affect, can be a sign to predict social anxiety.

Aim: The object of the present research is studying the relationship between somatic complaints and depression signs with handedness. For this purpose 120 students (female) aged at 25 years and 5 months whom 60 students were right handed and 60 students left handed students were chosen as accessible ones then were chosen randomly from among the same right handed counterpart class each divided into teo groups of depressed or no depressed. The means for gathering data for this research include Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28 and evaluation form of somatic complaints which is made by researcher. The results analyzed with binomial logistic regression method t-test and pierson coefficient correlation showed that the mark obtained from somatic signs of right handed and left handed persons have no relation with somatic complaints of right side of body but there is significant relationship between somatic sign's marks of right handed and left handed persons with somatic complaints of left side of body. Therefore taking into consideration high prevalence of physical complaints on left side of body in depressed right handed and left handed students existence of these complaints on left side of body can be considered a depression sing.

Aim: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most prevalent chronc diseases of the central nervous system among young adults, and like every other disease influences different aspects of a person's life.methods: this research is correlation study type which use path analysis method to examine structural connections between the variables. The statistical population of this research is all members of MS patients' community of Ahvaz city in 2017 among which 260 individuals have been selected based on acceptance criteria and the sample size calculated from Cochran formula. These patients answered young schema questionnaire-short form, executive functions questionnaire and UCLA loneliness scale questionnaire. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS softwares.Findings: the results showed the adequate precision of the model in which early maladaptive schemas directly predicted the executive functions (b=0.236, P<0.05). Early maladaptive schemas together with the sense of loneliness factor also indirectly and more precisely predicted the executive functions (b=0.312, P<0.05).Conclusion: according to the results of this research early maladaptive schemas and the sense of loneliness factor are vital elements on weakening the executive functions of patients with MS. Thus, considering early maladaptive schemas and the sense of loneliness factor is essential in rehabilitation programs.

Aim: Cognitive functions are among important subjects of psychology. Decision making is a cognitive function that has been received too many attentions. The main aim of the research was to verify the effectiveness of Neurofeedback on risky decision making. The study was done half experimentally. Therefore, 30 students was chosen by available sampling and set randomly in two 15 person experimental and control groups. The both experimental and control groups were evaluated with Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in two before and after Neurofeedback learning steps. The experimental group was learned Neurofeedback 20 sessions, while the control group received no learning. Data were analyzed using single variable covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Results demonstrated that after 20 sessions Neurofeedback learning, students of experimental group had significant improvement in risk-taking decrease. Neurofeedback is a brain waves operant conditioning in which people learn to control their brain waves voluntary and through that they can improve their functions such as decision making. Based on the results of this study, Neurofeedback is an appropriate approach to improve and reinforce the cognitive functions including decision making.