JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIOLOGY
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:16

The purpose of this study was to examine the various dimensions of the human development index in different cities of the province and compare it with the average values of the country. Also, changes in the dimensions of this index have been investigated between 2011 and 2016. The results of this indicator in 2016 showed that life expectancy index is lower than the average of the country, so that the average life expectancy in Iran is 75. 6 years, but in the province is 73. 67 years. Also the average years of study for the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari population are 7. 23 years which is less than the average of the country (8. 8), Also, the expected years of study with a 14. 45 years average for this province is less than the average of country (14. 8). The income index calculated on the basis of the national annual income index is not calculated separately for this province and is derived from the same national data, which shows that in the period under study, due to lack of economic growth, per capita national income has decreased. Measuring the human development index, shows that the value of this index in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province has increased from 0. 697 in 2011 to 0. 740 in 2016. The HDI of Iran is also increased from 0. 755 to 0. 774 in this period of time. In general, the human development index in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province is lower than the average of the country.

As a geographical context, cities are expanded to meet the basic human needs, including the economic, cultural and social needs. In Iran, focusing on the concept of the creative city, with an emphasis on internal possessions, including human and cultural capital, is a low-cost way to strengthen the local economic foundations. In this regard, spatial creativity index was extracted through Landry's descriptive model with ten main indexes for Kashan. In order to determine the coefficients of importance of these indices, ten experts of urban economics and art economics were used. Also, to collect qualitative information, a questionnaire was used. The result shows that among the spatial creativity indices for Kashan areas, correlation index and attitude index have the highest value at 15, 11, 5 zones. Civic participation is also the highest in areas 14, 13, 6. In most of the indicator conversion areas, the idea conversion indicator was low, with about 60% of respondents citing lack of government support. In order to determine the degree of eligibility of each area, location creativity indices for Kashan were analyzed using ANP network analysis method and Super Decision software. The results show that zone 11 is ranked first in terms of spatial creativity indicators among the 16 zones of Kashan city.

The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the theoretical challenges of the cultural logic of late capitalism Frederick Jameson. To this end, it first states the influential intellectual and social context in the postmodern theory of Jameson. The concept of late capitalist cultural logic and the challenges of his theory are followed by the use of measures of social knowledge measurement (internal critique, external critique, temporal, situational, local, and functional validity). The purpose of this article is to find the answer to the fundamental question of what are the theoretical challenges of the cultural capitalist logic? On the path to finding the scientific answer to this question. The results suggest that Jameson's theory for reasons such as disregard for cultural differences, lack of generalization, disregard for the concept of resistance and skilled actors, abstract cognitive maps, inherent inconsistency of theory assumptions, etc. cannot How best to explain the cultural logic of later capitalism.

Changing in the size and age structure of the population is the main determinant of the supply of labor force in a community. Any increase or decrease in the size of the workforce can significantly affect the country's economic growth. Reaching baby boom cohort to working age, make an ideal opportunity for economic growth and development, providing that by proper planning and policy making, we can benefit the demographic window. In the present report, the results of the workforce survey, from 2006 to 2016, also the census data on population and housing in 2016 have been used to analyze the status of activity in the population of Iran. Then, through different scenarios, population, participation rates and employment rates projection are estimated, and thus supply of active labor in the future is estimated. The overall trend of participation rate for the country during the period from 2006 to 2011 was decreasing and after 2011, it is gradually increasing. In 2016, the participation rate for the whole country was 39%. With the arrival of the graduates of the 60th baby boom, as well as the likelihood of an increase in women's participation rate, it is likely that the participation rate will increase in future. In this situation, the only way forward improving the country's economy is raising the employment rate. If the government fails to reduce unemployment in policy-making, assuming a stable unemployment rate, the number of unemployment in the future will increase to 5 million people. Of courses, this assumption will be achieved with an annual employment of about 500 to 600 thousand people.

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of social capital on tax culture in the western cities of Mazandaran province. The research method was a survey and the data were collected by a questionnaire. All donations referring to the Tax Office of the cities of Noshahr and Chalus have been selected as the statistical population, which is 24500 according to the statistics of 2018 of whom 400 people were chosen through the stratified sampling method and based on the Cochran formula. The findings show that the average social capital and tax culture are more than the average. There is a positive and direct relationship between the amount of social capital and the tax culture; the greater the social capital, the greater the willingness of taxpayers to pay taxes. Also, there is a positive and direct relationship between the three dimensions of social capital and the individual and organizational dimensions of tax culture. Multivariate regression results show that 69. 2 percent of tax rate changes are explained by social capital, and sociological capital has had a greater impact on tax culture. Therefore, in order to strengthen and promote the tax culture, attention to social capital, and in particular cognitive social capital, is necessary to reduce the tax evasion among the taxpayers.

The purpose of this study is to provide a semantic interpretation of the reasons for the underdevelopment of West Azarbaijan province based on the individual narratives and personal experiences of 32 senior organizational executives in the province as well as in-depth interviews with business executives and industry practitioners through a Grounded-Theory method. According to the results, the management failures in public and private sector are the main reason of under-development in West Azerbaijan province. Therefore, the backwardness of the West Azerbaijan province is mainly rooted in the political and social contexts in the governing of the province rather than the party, individual, or group reasons. These results point to the inevitable need to pay close attention to solve the governing problems of the province and to create synergistic interaction between different public and private sectors, managers, academia and research and development units. In addition, the results addresses 5 main reasons for underdevelopment in West Azerbaijan province: 1) The weakness of the internal management in the province 2) management weakness among the industrial owners 3) The weakness of macro management in the country 4) Cultural issues in the province and 5) Geographic characteristics of the province. Some of the practical solutions for promoting the development in this province are proposed in this study.

This article investigates the factors affecting the underdevelopment of Kurdistan province. It is an applied research and its methodology is an integration of content and secondary analysis. In this research, the MAX QDA software was used for content analysis of interviews conducted with the experts of the province, and secondary analysis of statistics obtained from Iran Statistics Center. Based on the theoretical framework of economic development, the causes of underdevelopment in Kurdistan province have been explained. The results of this study indicate that Kurdistan province is considered as one of the least developed regions in terms of the use of various dimensions and indicators of economic development. Based on the results of this research, that the focus is on the development of participation in all aspects. Based on this, policies and planning to attract partnerships, as well as avoidance of harmful processes such as discrimination and centralization, improve the indicators of economic development, increasing investment in both the private and public sector, increasing per capita income, increasing production and reducing the unemployment are necessary for the development of Kurdistan province.

The current study has addressed theoretical explanation of the study and hypothesis tests the economic capital of family and its effect on individual position in higher education system and then the career position of the individual. The statistical population of this research includes all employees in the Isfahan labor market who have graduated from university since 2006 onward. The sample includes 530 people chosen by SPSS Sample Power is estimated 530. The results of the research indicated that on one hand, there is a relationship between the individual position in higher education system and career position of the individual and on the other hand economic capital has a positive effect on the type of the acceptance of individual in university. It means that those who have higher economic capital, they possess a higher position in higher education system. Of course, the results of path analysis show that entire effect of economic capital on career position is performed through mediation of individual position in higher education system, on the other words, social inequalities are reproduced through the educational system.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social capital on social evasion of employees with the mediating role of organizational laziness. This is an applied and descriptive research. The target population includes 430 employees of agricultural Jihad in Lorestan province. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and the sample size was estimated to be 202 people using a simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by using the content validity method and its reliability by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. In this research, the structural equation approach and Smart Pls2 and SPSS 19 software were used to test the hypotheses and conceptual model. The results of the analysis show that social capital has a positive and significant effect on the social evasion of employees. Also, the results of the research indicate that organizational laziness has a mediating role in the impact of social capital on the social evasion of employees.

In the present research, non-economic barriers to investment attraction in Lorestan province have been investigated. This research is a survey and conducted using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling in LISREL software. The results showed that security policy barriers with a coefficient of 0. 99 had the highest impact on non-attracting investment in Lorestan province and ranked first. In this regard, socio-Cultural barriers and bureaucratic barriers are in the next ranks with coefficients of 0. 80 and 0. 72, respectively. The Infrastructure barriers with a coefficient of 0. 53 and legal and judicial barriers with coefficient of 0. 39 have also been effective in attracting investment in Lorestan province and they are in the fourth and fifth ranking.

The present study is a qualitative and specifically grounded theory method. The statistical population includes all residents of the border regions of Kurdistan province. A theoretical sampling method was used to choose 40 people as sample of study. The data gathering tool was open and semi-structured. The assess the validity such as (relationship with respondents, presence in the field, accuracy in implementation, and professional researchers) and dependability (diagnostic test) were applied. Important concepts extracted from the research were poverty, negative attitude to Colbury, high rate of unemployment, family affiliation, overcoming boundary action mindset, and the importance of economic capital. The central category is the impact of environmental poverty and the overcoming the global environment of the borderline.

The main goal of the present study is to identify the different styles of household financial management. The research method used is the grounded theory with a deep interviewing tool. The statistical population consisted of all household heads living in Mashhad in 2018. In this study, 15 samples were selected by purposive sampling. Findings showed two styles of household economic management, including rational and irrational styles. The critical components of this concept are the mobilization of material and spiritual resources, desirability, attention to the crisis, equilibrium, and financial habits. Future-oriented, crisis, the balance in income and expenses" are variables that drive family economics towards rationalization. Also, the false financial habits drive towards towards rationalization. In this regard, other sub-styles were also identified. Rational economic management styles include (comprehensive rationality, rational desirability, rational future-oriented). Also, irrational styles are (irrational satisfaction, irrational future-oriented, comprehensive irrationality).

This project is carried out by the Beautification Organization of Tehran and identifies the levels of effects, possible types of consequences and modification measures that are appropriate to the nature of the main effects are the aim of this paper. Here, we have tried to use the quantitative and qualitative methods for predicting the design of the Mashq Square. The results of the research show that the effects of organizing the field have become a prelude to the global registration of this field and has led to fundamental changes to restore the true identity of this field as a tourist attraction. Also, the results of this changes, depending on possible scenarios, reflect the respect for the historical nature of the work. It is reflected in preserving the historical authenticity and the type of materials used in this project. The implementation of this project has several cultural and social consequences, the identification of the 12th district of Tehran as a cultural passage is one of them.

The purpose of the present research is to study the components of rural social capital in the Yancheshmeh village of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. This research is a survey. The questionnaires included two rural development questionnaires and the Halpern’ s social capital questionnaire. The target population of the present study includes all over 20 year old people who live in Yancheshmeh villages who were 2224 people. Based on the sample size set by Krejces & Morgan, 327 people were selected. These were selected by simple random sampling and a questionnaire distributed among them. The results showed that there is a significant difference between social capital in terms of participation and cohesion in different ages. Participation in people aged 40 and over is more consistent in people aged 35-40. According to research results, women's participation is more than men. The results showed that there is a significant difference in social capital in terms of participation and cohesion in ethnicity. Participation of Turkish people and solidarity among Fars are higher. The difference in the dimensions of social capital in different education shows that there is a significant difference between social capitals in terms trust based on in education of the subjects. Social trust is higher in people who have higher education. The dimensions of rural social capital do not differ in terms of socioeconomic status.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual social networks on the social identity of youth aged 18 to 30 years in Ahwaz. In this research, Stewart Hall, Emmanuel Castells, Peter Berger, Anthony Giddens and Jenkiz have been used. The statistical population of this research is all the youths of Ahwaz based on the general population and housing census of 1395. 384 of them were sampled, calculated using the Cochran formula and selected by multistage cluster sampling. The method used in this research was survey and data collection using a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of this study, based on the results of correlation tests, show that among independent variables of the amount of presence in cyberspace, the motivation to use virtual social networks and the amount of using virtual social networks with the related variables of social identity, national identity and religious identity of young people There is significant meaning. Also, the results show that there is no significant relationship between age and social identity variable, and there is no significant relationship between the variables of religious identity and national identity. There is a negative and a negative correlation between the amount of use of the virtual social network and the dependent variable of religious identity. Regression results show that these variables account for 0. 23% of changes in social identity variable, 0. 15% related to national identity and 0. 5% of changes related to religious identity.

This study primarily aims to determine the architectural and Landscape factors contributing to a sense of security in rural temporary housing sites in earthquake-stricken villages of Ahar, Heris, and Varzaqan. In doing so, architectural and Landscape weaknesses affecting the sense of security in these rural temporary housing sites were examined and identified. This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis model for data analysis to learn about the opinions of people who had directly experienced life in temporary housing sites. 21 person, who had volunteered to experience the life under such conditions, were chosen in a purposeful method. The researchers used semi-structured interviews in the participants’ houses and in religious settings such as mosques until data saturation was achieved. To analyze the data, Graneheim and Lundman’ s steps were used. The validity of data was also ensured through the application of Lincoln and Guba’ s criteria. Afterward, two major aspects/themes constituting (1) “ physical themes” with 6 sub-themes and (2) “ environmental themes” with 11 sub-themes were identified and classified. The findings of this study are as follows: the temporary nature of such housing sites; lack of awareness about the social and architectural characteristics of rural settlement areas; little attention paid to the quality of construction; and inadequate measures taken to provide for the residents’ daily needs, which can adversely affect the sense of security in such sites as viewed from the perspective of those in the charge of crisis management. The findings of the present study and the suggestions made here can have far-reaching implications for policymakers in that they can improve the quality of life in temporary housing sites, thus ensuring a sense of security and satisfaction for the residents.