DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2004 | Volume:11 | Issue:49|Papers Count:12

Bone tissue is atrophied in immobilization induced by osteoporosis because of loss of muscular activity and decreased weight bearing. Many researchers have revealed biostimulatory effects of low- power lasers (LPL). The aim of present study is evaluating LPL effect on immobilized tibia of rabbit. 15 male healthy adult rabbits were divided equally into experimental, control and normal groups. Under general anesthesia, hip, knee and ankle joints of control group and experimental group were immobilized by plaster of paris. No treatment was done on the rabbits of control and experimental groups at first week after casting. He – Ne LPL (energy density: 13.5 J/cm2) were irradiated to a fixed point cm of tibia of experimental group in second week (5 sessions) and during third to sixth week (3 sessions). Rabbits of the normal group had lived freely for the same time of the control and experimental group and there were not any casting on them. All rabbits were killed by cholorform at the end of sixth week A bone sample was taken from fixed point of experimentalgroup and same place of control and normal groups. The samples were prepared for light microscopical study. Diaphyseal breadths were recorded and were analysed by ANOVA method. Histological changes of groups were recorded in control group, haversian systems were observed but there weren't any blood vessel and cell in the haversian chanals and osteocyte in the lacunae too. In the experimental group periosteum was thicker than control group and haversian systems were irregular. There were blood cells and osteocytes in the haversian chanals and osteocytes in lacunae. In the present investigation low - power laser not only neutralized adverse effects of immobilization but also increased periosteal thickness and remodiling activity.      

Nowadays, investigators study about independent risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI). These factors without relation to other risk factors can cause coronary artery disease and MI. Waist to hip ratio (WHR) and height have been considered to be correlated with MI. The aim of this study is to show the independent association of WHR and height with MI. This is an observational case-control study from patients referring to Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals and after controlling for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and positive family history for MI and matching of age and sex, 150 cases with MI and 150 controls without MI were evaluated. WHR and height were measured in cases and controls. Then, their means were compared in two groups by independent Hest and association of WHR and height with presence of MI was evaluated. Means of WHR were 0.96 in cases and 0.92 in controls and their difference was 0.04 (P<0.001). In both sexes and in all age groups, WHR had a significant relation to MI. Mean of height was 160.7 cm in cases and 163 cm in controls and their difference was 2.3 cm (P<0.05). For height, mean difference was higher in men and in younger subjects. WHR is an independent risk factor for MI. Similarly, at least in men and in younger subjects, there is an independent association between height and risk of MI.      

Due to the increasing evidence of hirsutism among Iraninan women, the present study was conducted to examine the different aspects of this disease at specialty clinic for a period of 18 months in Tarbiat Modarres University. One hundred and seventy five patients were studied. A medical history and physical examination were obtained in each case. After determining a score according to the Ferriman and Gallwey method, the following tests were performed on the 21st day of the menstrual cycle: FSH, LH, OESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE, T3, T4, TSH, TESTOSTERONE, SHBG, ANDROSTANDIONE, PROLACTIN and DHEAS. The result showed that hyperprolactinemia was associated with hirsutism among 14.9% of the cases. Forty five patients with high prolactin had a serum prolactin above 20 ng/mL It was also found that among hyperprolactinemic hirsut women, 50% had regular means and other 50% having irregular means. Therefore among hirsut women, not regarding to their mensturation condition, prolactin measurement is considered as a necessary test to be performed. Among those patients with irregular means, 45% oligomenorrehea observed. The mean score of hirsutism among hyperprolactinemic patients was 14.3, not significantly different from that of the other hirsut subjects. It was found that the hirsutism score of Iranian women was rather low, and in most cases moderate and mild.      

This research is a quasi experimental study (before and after). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of health education program on quality of life of women in menopause. In this research tools for gathering data were questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, menopause quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) and food frequency questionnaire. Fifty women aged 45-55 years old who lived in shahre-rey area of Tehran were attended. A health education program designed based on pre-test data analysis, performed in four sections and post test data gathered during three or four weeks after the last section of performing the education program. Knowledge, attitude and nutrition behaviour (using milk and yoghurt) significantly improved after education. Quality of women's life in three dimensions; psychosocial, physical and sexual significantly improved too (p< 0.00001). Only in vasomotor dimension, differences weren't statistically significant. Results show that the health education program is effective for promoting the quality of woman's life in menopause.      

Disinfectants or chemical biocides are widely used to remove infectious agents, but resistance to the agents is observed among some bacteria. A number of research reports have expressed concern that the use of biocides may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore we studied the effects of different concentration of iodine on antibiotic resistance transfer to Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella typhimurium way considered ay recipient species and Ecoli strains was selected ay donor of antibiotic resistance. The bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was accomplished by Disk diffusion method, and MIC was also determined. Then the Salmonella strains (recipient) way treated with sub MIC of iodine, and Salmonella and Ecoli (donor) were mixed in TSB broth. Antibiotic resistance transfer was studied in the Bismuth sulfate agar containing antibiotics. The results indicated that the treatment of Salmonella strains with% 0.1 - % 0.3 iodine, causes an increase in resistance transfer rate to Ampicillin and Tetracycline, but it was decreased when the concentration increased. This finding was significant, and emphasizes the important role of the special concentration of disinfectant substances like iodine on antibiotic resistance transfer.      

Stapylococcus aureus is a common cause of nosocomial infections that in many cases, the source of infection are nasal carrier personnels. The complication of S.aureus infection especially with resistant strains can be severe, even with use of antibiotics. Therefore, it is essential to control programs for inhibition of transmission of infection and decrease of antibiotic resistance. For this reason, it is necessary to study the carriage status of hospital personnels. In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of S.aureus nasal carriage and methicillin resistant strains were investigated in personnels of a education hospital in Tehran Nasal swab specimens were obtained from 227 personnels and identification of S.aureus was done by catalase and coagulase tests and fermentation of mannitol. Methicillin resistance was detelmined by culture on Muellar-Hinton agar with 4% sodium chloride and 6 µ/mloxacillin. 45(19.8%) personnels were carriers. 12 strains were resistant to methicillin, therefore the carriage rate with methicillin resistant S.aureus in studied personnels were 5.4% and the proportion of resistant strains to all isolated strains were 26.7%. There are not statistical differences regarding sex, job and ward distribution among carriers and noncarriers (P> 0.05) but there is an association between age and carriage by T-test (P= 0.04). This study demonstrate the low rate of nasal carriage of S.aureus and methicillin resistant strains in studied hospital comparing with the same studies in other hospitals in Iran, but the distribution of carriers in all wards emphesis doing continious studies about S.aureus carriage status and treatment of carriers or excluding them from take care of susceptible patients with wound or bum for the control of nosocomial infections.      

The first basic step in formulating any quality improvement program is recognizing consumers perceptions and expectations of service quality and determining quality gap. The objective of this study is assessing quality gap of primary health services and exploring quality gap differences between urban and rural health centers in Kashan District. This descriptive - analytic survey consists of a sample of 300 females health services consumers (150 individuals in urban centers and 150 individuals in rural centers) who completed the research questionnaire by themselves. The SERVQUAL instrument administrated to assess the quality of services provided by health centers. For statistic analysis, Man - Whitney and Wilcoxon statistics and correlation coefficient were applied. Analysis of data revealed that there was quality gap in fivefold service quality dimensions. Quality gap differed in rural and urban health centers. In rural and urban centers the smallest quality gap was in tangibility dimension. The largest quality gap in rural centers was in responsiveness and in urban centers in reliability. Age and literacy respectively had direct and indirect significant correlation to quality gap. There was a quality gap in services in rural and urban centers. Thus, improvements are required across all the dimensions, namely, tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy.    

Numerous methods for kinetic and Kinematic evaluation of lumbar spine have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate a methodology quantities and simultaneous measurements of trunk muscles recruitment pattern, biomechanical parameters of lumbar curve and prediction of internal load on the lumbar spine while holding loads at different hunk and knee positions. An inclinometer (Fredericks company, USA) and elastomer based sensor (Rubbery ruler, Innovonics company, Australia) were used to evaluate the curvature of lumbar spine, lordosis, while eight channel EMG system monitored the trunk muscle activities. A 3D static biomechanical model was used to predict the spinal compression and shear forces at L4-L5. Holding tasks of three level of load (0, 10, 20 kg), two level of knee position (45 and 0 degree flexion) and three level of trunk position (neutral, 15 and 30 degree flexion) were simulated for three male subjects. Both sensors were highly linear (p<0.0005) with acceptable accuracy. The reproducibility errors of the two tilt sensors a and b examined were 0.4 and 1.4 degrees respectively, while the reproducibility of rubbery ruler was 2.3 mm. The muscle activation profiles and biomechanical model agreed on the estimated level of stress on low back as a function of characteristics of holding task.      

Elbow epicondylitis, the most common source of elbow pain, is a painful syndrome of medial and lateral elbow epicondyles that its exact etiology and pathogenesis is unknown although it is often considered as an occupational disease in middle age patients. In a prospective study among 150 patients with epicondylitis in Tehran, it is revealed that involvement of lateral side (Tennis players' elbow) was eight times more common than medial side (Golfer's elbow). Most patients were about fourth to sixth decades of their life. Two thirds of the patients had right elbow involvement. Dominant hands were involved more than nondominant hands (P=0.02). Left elbow was more involved in male patients (P=0.35). Most patients had chronic pain for many months. In our study female patients were two times more than male ones. Considering etiologies, it was revealed that sixty percent of patients had heavy hand workings and forty percent had repetitive light hand tasks. Recent elbow trauma (P=0.15) and cigarette smoking (P=0.001) were the other important predisposing factors among male patients. In our study female patients had more underlying accompanying diseases such as rheumatologic disorders and had more outdoor working than usual female population.