DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2017 | Volume:24 | Issue:130|Papers Count:13

Background: Animal models are crucial for the development of new therapies, especially in serious diseases such as cancer. In this study, cancer (leukemia) was established by an injection of cancerous cells and followed by evaluating cell markers in spleen and blood.Materials and Methods: 5×106 BCL-1 cells were injected through tail vein into syngenic BALB/c mice. Then, 5 mice were killed after two weeks and 5 after four weeks and changes in spleen index, peripheral blood leukocytes and histology of organs were assessed. Spleen and blood cells were evaluated by flow cytometry using IgM and CD5 as markers of cancer cells.Results: Spleen index was increased in injected groups statistically significant (p<0.05) and the most increase was observed in spleen area of the 4-week group (about 1.5 fold of control group). Lymphocyte to the neutrophil ratio in peripheral blood smear was augmented from 4.9 to 8.8 (p<0.05). The percentage of IgM+CD5+cells in the spleen increased from 2.5% in the control group to 14% in 2 weeks and 32% in 4-weeks group. In the histological examination of the spleens, the white pulp was developed.Conclusion: In this method, cancer cells were established in animals. Changes in spleen size, blood cells ratio and the percentage of IgM+CD5+cells in spleen can be used to track the status of the establishment of cancer cells in animals and could be considered as indicators to use for research on new therapies.

Background and Objective: Adamantanes, amantadine, and rimantadine have been used for many years for prevention and treatment of influenza virus A infections. These drugs are influenza virus M2 protein inhibitors and some amino acids substitutions in transmembrane portion of this protein cause resistance to them. This study was done for survey of adamantane resistance related nucleotide sequence changes in M2 gene of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes isolated from Iranian patients in 2014.Materiasl and Methods: Nasal swabs of patients with influenza-like symptoms were collected from Tehran through winter 2014 and were examined by Real Time Reverse Transcription PCR to evaluate presence of subtypes of H1N1 and H3N2 of influenza viruses A in them. Then, some positive samples for these viruses were propagated in cell culture. Four isolates from each subtype were randomly selected for M gene amplification by Reverse Transcription PCR and genetic analysis.Results: The study of point mutations in M2 gene sequence of isolates showed presence of most prevalent adamantane resistance related mutation; substitutions of serine with asparagine in amino acid 31; in all of them. Other mutations conferring resistance to adamantanes were not found.Conclusion: According to results of this study and reports from other investigators, which showed the high prevalence of adamantane resistant mutants in human influenza virus A isolates, it is recommended that adamantanes not be used for the treatment of influenza.

Background and Objective: Cell therapy is one of the attractive and novel approaches in the treatment of chronic wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells (CD93) in the treatment of diabetic ulcers.Materials and Methods: In this study, 15 BALB/c strain mice, weighing 25-30 g were used, of which 10 were made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ). Circular skin lesions 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm depth were created in the skin of mice.Studied mice were divided into 3 groups including normal mice without diabetes (sham), diabetic mice without transplanted CD93 cells (Control) and diabetic mice that underwent CD93 cell transplantation twice (density of cells: 1 × 107).The parameters of wound area, wound healing, differentiation and survival of CD93 cells were calculated on days 7, 14 and 28 after cell transplantation using the fluorescent microscope and DiL labeling antibody with Image J and SPSS softwares.Results: The most difference in the level and rate of healing was related to cell group and the control group, respectively (p<0.05 and p<0.01).Immunohistochemical study of CD93 marker showed viability and activity of stem cells at the wound site until 28 days after transplantation.Conclusion: CD93 stem cell transplantation significantly accelerated diabetic wound healing process and these cells are introduced as an appropriate option for diabetic wounds cell therapy.

Background and Objective: Nesfatin-1 is an effective peptide in the regulation of energy balance. The aim of this research was investigation of the effects of resistance training with and without testosterone injection on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats with a weight range of 205 to 265 g and aged approximately 10 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control group, testosterone group, resistance training group, and resistance training with testosterone injections group. In testosterone group and resistance training with testosterone injections group, three times per week, 1 mg per kg body weight of testosterone was injected. Resistance training protocol was consisted of 5 sessions per week (for 12 weeks) on a ladder and rats performed 10 repetitions.Results: Findings indicate that levels of nesfatin-1 in resistance training and resistance training with testosterone injection groups were significantly higher compared with control group (P˂0.05). Also, a significant change in levels of nesfatin-1 in the resistance training group compared with testosterone group (P˂0.05) was observed.In contrast, significant changes of nesfatin-1 in the resistance training with testosterone injections group was not observed compared to testosterone group (P˃0.05).Conclusion: Results of this study support the undeniable benefits of resistance training for the increased nesfatin-1 and exercise can be used to regulate appetite and energy expenditure. Because the present study is the first research about the effects of exercise training with testosterone injections on plasma levels of nesfatin -1, more studies in this field are needed for more accurate conclusions.

Background and Objective: Change in balance recovery strategy is one of the risk factors for falls in the elderly. The aim of this study was to answer the question whether the transfer of balance recovery strategy from ankle to hip joint in elderly is affected by natural increase of kyphosis with aging or not.Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 men were randomly selected and classified in four groups: the kyphotic elderly, normal elderly, kyphotic youth and normal youth (respectively with a mean age of 65.3±3.7, 63.5±3.1, 23.7±1.7 & 24.3±1.1 years). For assessment of the balance recovery strategy, perturbation was done through sudden movement of the treadmill. Range of motion (ROM) of the ankle and hip joint of subjects were recorded by a motion analysis system when perturbation was done. The significance level was considered p<0.05.Results: Data analysis showed that ROM of the ankle is transferred to hip joint in elderly compared to young people (p<0.05). The results also showed that despite the increased ROM in hyperkyphotic people (from 5% to 24%), this increase in both young and elderly people were not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: In general, it can be said that elderly had mainly hip dominant strategy and youth had mainly ankle dominant strategy for balance recovery. On the other hand, it seems that the changes in balance recovery strategies of older people is not affected by the natural increase of kyphosis angle due to aging and it is affected by other factors.

Background and Objective: It has been reported that patella lateralization and trochlear dysplasia are the most important malalignment factors related to patellofemoral joint (PFJ) that may lead to high compression force on lateral side of knee and finally damaging this joint. The aim of this study was the comparison of the patella deviation and sulcus angle between two groups of healthy and patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) patients by using noninvasive and precise methods of MRI.Materials and Methods: 21 subjects were classified into two groups of healthy and patient. Patella deviation and sulcus angle were measured in 40 degrees flexion of knee using MRI.Results: Patella lateralization in PFPS group is significantly higher than healthy one (p=0.04) while there was no significant difference in the sulcus angle.Conclusion: Findings showed that the cause of pain due to patella lateralization could not be related to shallowing the trochlear groove but delaying or weakness of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) could be a risk factor for inappropriate displacement of patella.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the personality traits of people with gender dysphoria disorder who were treated and those patients that have not been treated using the Rorschach test.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 30-list the available sampling procedure, according to demographic characteristics, matched as much as possible, were selected. Subjects were evaluated using the Rorschach test, in accordance with the comprehensive system Exner, individually, .Results: Findings revealed a significant difference in W, Dd, Bl, An, Ls, Na, active, passive, C`, and YF.Conclusion: Individuals approved for sex reassignment surgery deal active with the environmental conditions and are more able to manage their emotions and the extent of their concern with the body and sex is reduced. On the other hand, those who have not still implemented gender, suffer more than other groups from painful emotions and symptoms of anxiety and depression. They deal with the environmental conditions more defensive and retreat.

Background and Objective: Hepatite B is one of the most important infection in the world. The best way to prevent hepatitis B infection is by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. The aim of this study was to evaluate level of HBs antibody titer of 10-18 years healthy students in Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan and South Khorasan.Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytic research that was performed on 565 serum samples that were collected from 10-18 years healthy students with demographic information in Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan and South Khorasan. HBs Ab titers were measured with immunochemiluminescence assay. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and t test.Results: Out of 565 students, 20.6% in Razavi Khorasan, 20.1% in North Khorasan and 22.4% in South Khorasan had antibody in protective range (>10 IU/L). In addition, 79.85% of students were non-immune. There was no significant difference in antibody among level of education, and urban and rural location. The relationship between sex and titer of anti HBs was not statistically significant. The highest percentage of students with protective antibody was observed in 10 years old students (33.3%) and there was the lowest level of protective antibody in 18 years old (15.4%).Conclusion: HBs Ab titer of students should be regularly evaluated because HBsAb level decreases after certain periods as age advances. Awareness of students about injection of booster dose of hepatitis-B vaccine is required.

Background and Objective: In Iranian Persian Medicine, allergic rhinitis disease was discussed under catarrh and rhinorrhea (Nazleh Va Zokam) diseases, Abubekr, Mohammad Zacharia, known asRazi, one of the practitioners of Persian Medicine for first time paid to seasonal allergic rhinitis disease in Arabic language article that calledResaleye Al shammiyeh (Article of Smelling) and mentioned presentational and treating methods in it. Persian Medicine has shown distinct managements in this field. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevention of allergic rhinitis based on theRazi and Ibn Sinas ’ views. Allergic rhinitis is a common disease of upper respiratory system and imposes a considerable cost to the communities due to its frequency. This disease is a global health problem.Materials and Methods: In this paper, comments of Ibn Sina in book of Canon andRazi in Resaleyeh -Al Shamieh to identify methods of prevention of allergic rhinitis have been investigated.Results: One of the main methods to prevent allergic rhinitis, particularly on Ibn Sinaand Razis’ views in Persian Medicine was life style modification. Life style in Persian Medicine contains six essential principles of life and Persian Medicine physicians paid special attention to them.Conclusion: Prevention in Traditional Persian Medicine as a primary principle is prior to treatment. Lifestyle modification and control and elimination of risk factors can prevent the onset of allergic disease as much as possible and it may be effective in improving patients.

Background and Objective: The risk of coronary heart disease by high blood pressure in people with hypertension and those who have normal blood pressure rises. CRP is an inflammatory biomarker for immune system and an acute phase protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine on predictive factor of cardiovascular and pressure men's blood subsequent exhaustive exercise.Materials and Methods: Eight active men (BMI 21.55 ± 1.22 kg/m2, Height 174±9.12 cm, weight 61.35±5.65 kg, fat 19.19±2.4 percent) were randomly selected. An hour after caffeine consumption (5 mg/kg) and a placebo in two separate sessions for each subject that are similar to Bruce test conducted 5 days.Inflammatory factor and blood pressure were measured in stages, before taking caffeine or placebo, one hour after, immediately and an hour after exercise. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and with a significance level of p<0.05.Results: T-test showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressures increase by caffeine consumption, but there was no significant difference between the caffeine and placebo after exercise. However, significant differences were observed in c-reactive protein (CRP).Conclusion: Consuming caffeine before exercise can increase the blood pressure higher than normal.