Cultural Psychology
Year:2019 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:6

The purpose of this study was to develop a life skills training based on Islamic culture in Iran and determining its effectiveness on the happiness and resilience of divorced women. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative parts. The statistical population of this research includes all divorced women between 30 and 40 years old who referred to counseling and psychological services centers of Kerman in the first half of 1395, among whom 30 were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects). To collect data, Resilience Questionnaires and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used. The training program was performed on 11 sessions of 90 minutes in the experimental group and the control group in the waiting list and the results were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results showed that the content validity ratio was calculated based on the Lavoshe method for 10 experts (0/83), and the content validity index based on the Waltz and Bassel methods for this number was 0/80 obtained, and based on comparing these values with the acceptable value of both indicators, the content validity of the program is acceptable. Also, the results showed that life skills training had an impact on increasing the happiness and resiliency of the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the results, life skills program (self-awareness, coping with stress, empathy) based on indigenous culture is an appropriate and effective program for divorced women and its implementation can affect the happiness and resiliency of these individuals.

Objective: this study aimed at designing and studying psychometric properties of native elder abuse scale (short form) in a group of elders in Alborz Province. Method: this was a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted within two steps using combined method including qualitative and quantitative steps. At first step, authors employed psychology and psychiatric literature and phenomenology method to conduct a deep interview with psychologists and elders then extracted measures of mistreatment toward elders. At second step, psychometric properties of questionnaire were examined among elders living in Alborz Province using content validity and internal consistency. Statistical population (N=400; 186 men and 215 women) in quantitative step included elders living in Alborz province who were selected using convenient sampling method in 2017. Findings: according to the results obtained from first step of explanatory factor analysis, 23 items out of 41 items remained in questionnaire then evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis based of structural equation modeling (SEM) or multivariate analysis with latent variables. Ultimately, 4 factors of verbal abuse (10 items), emotional abuse (6 items), neglect (4 items), and financial abuse (3 items) were selected for short form of elder abuse scale. Calculated Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient (0. 84) and retest coefficient (0. 96) approved suitable internal consistency of questionnaire. Conclusion: findings indicated that elder abuse scale-short form (23-item) made it possible to examine different dimensions of abuses measuring the above-mentioned 4 factors and results obtained from validity and reliability indicated optimal function of this instrument to measure mistreatment toward elders in Iranian society.

Health condition of individuals has been influenced by religious beliefs and behaviors from their religious doctrine. Belief in Mahdavism is considered among those believes which plays an important role in mental health of individuals. Regarding the significance of the role of women in promotion of this culture and their main responsibility of growing a healthy generation, the aim of this study has been survey about the role of belief in the religious teachings based on Mahdavism and pilgrimage culture in mental health of women. This research has been done in qualitative approach and in the way of grounded-theory. Based on input standards and in the way of purposeful sampling, 12 people of holy Jamkaran mosque pilgrim women have been interviewed through Semi-structured interviews about the quality of their belief in Mahdavism and pilgrimage and its role in their cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects. Results has shown several factors such as positive attitude on life (cognitive aspect), such factors as experiment of intellectual senses and decreasing spiritual pressures (emotional aspect) and such factors as appropriate dealing with crisis and trying toward attract Imam Mahdi’ s (AJ) satisfaction (behavioral aspect) have been efficient on mental health. As the result of recognizing these key factors in the present study, perceptional model called “ sating the route of health and excellence, appearing belief in activity” has been achieved which has shown the way of the health and excellence has been as the result of activating believes on the ground of religious behaviors. It can be said that considering the role of believes and making ground due to cause them appear in people’ s actions have been specially important in mental health.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between general intelligence and spiritual intelligence with spiritual well-being. The present research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was all undergraduate students of Allameh Tabataba’ i University in Tehran during the academic year of 1969-97, based on the Morgan table, 370 subjects were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect the data, a demographic questionnaire, Cattells non-verbal intelligence scale, Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire, and the Spiritual Intelligence Scale were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between General Intelligence and spiritual intelligence and its components (except for understanding spirituality and the effect of religious affairs). The correlation between spiritual well-being with spiritual intelligence and its components was significant at the level of 0. 01, (except for components of existential critical thinking and spiritual compatibility in interpersonal relationships). The results of enter regression analysis also showed that Spiritual well-being and the existential health component have been able to predict 7. 1% of the variation of the dependent variable of spiritual intelligence. Based on the results it can be said that officials and managers of counseling centers of universities can focus on spiritual intelligence in the form of workshops and training courses to promote spirituality and religion, and spiritual well-being of students.

This article critically reviews the literature on neuroscience of religion and spirituality. Studies, based on the applied task, were categorized and reviewed and their problems have been addressed. Using insufficient and too small samples, being artificial, being non-experimental, lack of control, not addressing the intervening variables were among the most common methodological problems. This review showed that religious, spiritual, and mystical experiences were not associated with any particular cortical or sub-cortical region. This finding seems to show that such experiences phenomenologically are not of one single experience, and probably there is not such thing as “ God zone” in the brain. The frontal lobe was more than any other lobes involved in religious, spiritual, and mystical experiences which may show the relative importance of cognition in such experiences, in comparison with emotion. In addition, the probability experimentally inducing religious experience and the idea that religion is pathological have been questioned.

The purpose of this study was to predict Career maturity based on emotional intelligence and identity styles. The statistical population of this study included all students of Rouden Azad University. Using multi-stage clusteral sampling method, four hundred individuals were selected as sample group. The short form Emotional intelligence Questionnaire, Identity Styles Questionnaire, and Career Maturity Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regressions and SPSS software Were analyzed. The results showed that the components of commitment style, information style, as well as self-awareness of emotional intelligence directly predicted Career maturity in individuals. Based on these findings, one can identify emotional intelligence and identity styles of individuals with their Career maturity counterparts. Future research should consider the predictive or causal role of intelligence, emotional intelligence, and identity in determining the career maturity of Iranian students.