SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:1 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:6

Flood management is a warrantor of reducing risks and impacts, but it is impossible to almost eliminate its effects and dangers. The reason for this is the financial constraints and low knowledge of humans. So resilience is one of the ways to reduce exposure to risks. Checking of the history of studies shows, influenced by social, economic, physical and managerial factors, to promote resilience to natural disasters. Accordingly, the main objective of the study is to investigate the structures mentioned above on Urmia city resilience against urban flooding. The methodology of the present study is applied in perspective of purpose and analytical descriptive in perspective of its method. The results showed that the most desirable area is the region 3 of Urmia city with an average of 65. 30, in perspective of social and cultural resilience. Also, the most desirable region, the region 5 of Urmia city with an average of 24. 74 and 32. 64, is in perspective of economic and management resilience. It is also the most desirable region, the region 4 of Urmia city, in perspective of physical resilience to urban flood due to better infrastructure (access to health centers, fire department, hospital, etc. ). Finally, the average of the total index is the most desirable region, the region 3 of Urmia city and the most unfavorable region, the region 4 of Urmia city, in terms of the resilience to urban flooding.

Urbanization is the global phenomena of the millennia and it is for the first time that more than half of the world population live in urban areas from the beginning of the history. The rapid and continuous trend of Urbanization filed the increased urbanized areas in developing areas face unsustainability problem. To manage this unsustainability, the sustainable development paradigm has gained ground more than ever. Housing as a phisio-sicual infrastructure has a critical role in sustainability process and it proves the nesseccity of this research. This paper aims at analyzing the housing quality indices of Zanjan from sustainability point of view. The research is survey based and the data gathered through documentary method. The field study and documentary data analyzed in ArcGIS environment with todim model. The findings indicate that the informal settlements suffer from low sustainability. Of the total number of hoses in Zanjan, 14 % has very good sustainability, 36% has good sustainability, 27% has moderate sustainability, 8% has weak sustainability and 15% has very weak sustainability situation. Finally some strategies has been suggested to improve the sustainability of housing quality indices.

Qeshm Island is the largest island of the Persian Gulf with natural amazing attractions and unique tourism places adjacent to rural residential areas which has created a series of unique rural ecotourism. On the other hand, ICT is regarded as one of the main economic and industrial development criteria and an indicator for sustainable development which has affected the various aspects of individuals’ and human communities’ lives. This technology can be a vital contribution to economic diversification and rural areas development by generating revenue and creating jobs. Therefore, it is essential to determine a developmental strategy with sustainable ecotourism approach based on ICT for rural areas. In this descriptive-analytical study, some experiences regarding rural ecotourism development of Qeshm Island have been dealt with and internal and external factors have been analyzed by using the SWOT matrix. In order to identify the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities, the Delphi method was used and the ecotourism capacities and limitations of Qeshm Island were specified with a technological approach and The QSPM complementary model was used to prioritize the strategies and determine the best one. According to the obtained average weight of internal and external factors, results of this research shows that rural ecotourism development of the island should be planned and revised based on “ shift strategies" with focus on ICT.

In some countries like Iran, rural and urban development planning’ s are done disintegrated and is based on views which have many challenges in rural residents’ development in such countries. In this case the present study is done based on descriptive – analytic approach on 54 sample villages of total 124 villages in the studied area. Plus those 31 questionnaires were completed directly by experts and managers of institutions and organs relating to rural development planning. Also in order to offer a meaningful framework of planning approach on empowerment and capacity building and villagers taking part in planning and developing rural residents process, a collection of descriptive – analytic approaches, correlation test and multivative regression and analyzing the direction in a logical totality based on scientific approach is being done in the present study. The finding of the study showed that disintegrated and expert planning in empowering and capacity buildings way and the kind of villagers taking part in rural development have not been effective and little influence in promoting indexes of rural residents’ development in natural environment, social cultural, financial, physical based on dimensions. So in expanding the best development planning pattern making changes in approach from rationalism to communicative and paying attention to empowering and capacity building of rural residents, participation, promoting social capital, integration activities and compatibility between them and power elements relationships in sustainable development is suggested.

Tourism is a kind of industry which its development needs sufficient awareness of the problems and effective, economic, social and cultural elements. Gilan has a mild climate and moist forested. Someesara which is located in western area of this province with numerous tourism attractions despite the Wetlands, lakes, mountains and forests could be mentioned as important tourism center at the regional level and also to be mentioned as one of the most important axes of tourism in country. The goal of doing this research is social evaluating of Someesara civil managements as one of the tourism destination’ s in northern part of the country which presenting solutions for development of tourism industry. The method of present research according to its goal is applied and bases on its method is descriptive and analytic. Statistical society of this research included all the enter tourism in Someesara. The sample of study were 384 persons according to Morgan’ s statistical table who have been chosen by simple accidentally method. Then the members interviewed and questioned. Also the statistical tests like Spearman’ s correlation and T have been used for the study of hypothesis. The results of this study show that among the indicators studied, the weaknesses of urban management (69. 01%), the lack of integrated management of sustainable productivity of attraction (82. 81%), lack of facilities (75. 78%), the lack of access and information (69%) had the greatest share in the discontent of tourists. The results show that the weaknesses of operation in management area and limitation of advertisements are the basic barriers for development of tourism in this town, thus this field has suit potential for tourism industry.

Zoning investigation of vegetation and changes in specific time intervals are important for reducing environmental damage. The main part of the incremental changes in Khoushab area is due to the lack of job opportunities in the region to absorb the workforce surplus and poverty of the residents, whose pressure on grassland areas has reached its highest level through traditional livestock farming and resulted in a reduction in the level of grassland. As the environmental changes reflect the land management status, change monitoring methods can help assess this status. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to detect vegetation changes in Khoushb region of Khorasan Razavi province during the period 2005-2015 using the remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. To investigate and analyze changes, the decision tree classification method was performed according to the standards provided by NASA, which was first defined for each set of 16 values of a class. Accordingly, it was determined that the threshold of changes was 1 deviation above the average in the region under study. After determining the threshold of change, areas with decreasing, incremental changes and unchanged areas have been determined. After acquiring land facts through field observations and satellite imagery from Google Earth, to assess the accuracy of change-assessment techniques, total accuracy and Kappa coefficient were used. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the evaluated data has a total accuracy of 91 and Kappa coefficient of 0. 88 in assessing the regional vegetation changes.