Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2008 | Volume:15 | Issue:75|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder which characterized by a reduction of either alpha or beta chains of globins. Typical features of patients with thalassemia are skeletal modifications, particularly in the skull, maxilla and zeugmatic zygomatic bone. One of the countries that are on the thalassemic belt is IRAN. According to the statistical information, more than 20000 people are affected and every day this number increases. Due to the importance of the oral and facial difficulties in these patients and its complications that influence on the teeth and oral mucous, the dentists take this disorder in to consideration.Materials & Methods: In this cross–sectional study with descriptive – analytical methods, 200 thalassemic patients at the age of 12-30 referring to the thalassemia centre of Amircola were studied.Results: The patients had an average of 18.4±4.74 and the proportion of males and females were 48% and 52%, respectively. Twenty one percent of fathers and 41.7% of mothers were ill iterated. The most common oral mucous lesion was recurrent aphthous mouth ulcers (31.4%). The mean DMFT was 6.27±5.84. DMFT was 4.63±3.65 in the 12-20 age groups and 8.81±6.25 in the 20-30 age groups. The most common skeletal deformities (77%) were in maxillary protrusion. Data showed that 31.9% of patients started transfusion before one year old. About 96.1% of patients used deferoxamine and 43% did splenectomy. OHI-S was good in 29.4% patients and in 58.8% was mild and in 11.8% was bad.Conclusion: This disease in ill iterated family is more than educated family. There was not any relationship between the complication and sex, but skeletal deformities were observed more with age. There were not any relationship between most of the oral mucous lesions and disease. Mean DMFT was significantly higher rates in splenectomic patients and patients with bad oral hygiene, that it shows lack of spleen and bad oral hygiene can be effective in DMFT incidence.

Introduction: Health centers to make available service in the first stage of primary health care (PHC) for people. The objective of this study was evaluation of situation environment health in health centers. This article explains results about discharge of garbage and sewage.Materials & Methods: The checklist was prepared by researcher based on standards. These forms were completed in 92 health center in Tehran city. Finally, data collected was analyzed by SPSS software.Results: The results showed that 41.3% of samples were government. The pail of garbage was 46.6% in rooms. The selected collection of garbage was accomplished in 91.3% centers. There was delay in discharge of garbage from health center and collection by municipality.Conclusion: The results showed that situation of environment health in health center wasn’t desirable in health centers. This can be achieved only by the use of enforced codes of practice and guidelines for all of the handling, storage, transport and disposal of these wastes.

Introduction: The empowerment of nurse managers in making management function results in advancing nurses' quality of work life. High quality of work life resulted of structuring quality work environment. The purpose of this study is developing nurse managers' leadership and supervisory behaviors in order to improve C.C.U nurses' quality of work life.Materials & Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out in two C.C.U unites. In one educational hospital that was allocated randomly in case group in Yazd in 1385. Before manipulation, the nurses' quality of work life was measured by questionnaires in two hospitals. Next, the clinical competency-based advancement program was implemented in four stages: nurses' development, managers' development, adaptation and supervisory period in the case hospital. Again, the data gathered in two groups at the end time of manipulation. The data were analyzed through using SPSS software.Results: The results showed nurses of two groups were completely matched with each other. The nurses' work experience mean in C.C.U was 5.5 and they were proficient. The designed clinical competency-based advancement program had a significant effect on the quality of work life of critical care nurses (p<0.05).Conclusion: Low quality of work life is by reason of work environment which should take into consideration. Using the nurses' empowerment in structuring work environments might improve their quality of work life. So, the designed clinical competency-based advancement program is a key criterion for improving C.C.U nurses quality of work life.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an important apicomplexan parasite of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Recently, Peganum harmala extract has been approved to treatment Leishmaniasis and used in mice in the Islamic Republic of Iran. We used inbreed male Balb/c mice to determine the efficacy of Peganum harmala extract in approving or treating acute toxoplasmosis.Materials & Methods: Each mouse was subcutaneously infected with 2, 0000 tachyzoites of the RH strain of T. gondii. Peganum harmala extract was administered orally in a suspension. Mice given 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/kg body weight Peganum harmala extract and 500 mg/kg of Peganum harmala extract plus 2 mg/kg garlic extract 1 day after infection and then daily for 7 days. Results: One hundred percent of mice were survival with all of using doses of Peganum harmala extract at 5 days after infection but one hundred percent of positive control mice were died. The results demonstrate that Peganum harmala extract is effective on tachizoites of toxoplasmosis in mice. Tachizoites of toxoplasmosis in liver and brain of mice were disappearing. It should be further investigated as a safe and effective treatment for this disease in animals.

Introduction: Treatment of epilepsy with Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and evaluate of differentiation injected cells to mature neurons.Materials & Methods: The rats were divided into five groups, controls (untreated), tow treated groups (24 and 36 hours) and a group treated with the vehicle only. The animals in chronic phase were monitored via video monitoring system for three weeks (day & night). For assessment of the response for the treatment of epileptic’s rat using BMSCs therapy, Racine scale was used as a behavioral test (Turski 1972). BMSCs (2-3 million cells) were labeled with BrdU and were injected via tail vein rat 24, 36 hrs after first seizure. After 6 week all rats sacrificed and processed for paraffin, sectioned and for Cresol violet staining.Results: The result of the study showed that the behavioral test in three week as follows: in control group (untreated), number of seizure is 6.25±1.3; in vehicle group, number of seizure was 6.2±0.8; the group which received BMSCs 12 h after seizure all rats died; the group which received BMSCs (24 h after seizure), the number was 2±0.4 and the group which received BMSCs (36 h after seizure), the number of seizure was 2.25±0.47. The numerical density of cells per area (#/mm2) was showed that number of cells in 36h & 24h groups compared with control group significantly excessive. Hence injection of BMSCs can improve number of attacks in epileptic’s rats. The percent of migrated BMSCs in hippocampus region was 15.8% for 24 h group and 13.2% for 34 h group which detected by anti-BrdU antibody.Conclusion: Injection of bone marrow stromal cells can reduce the number of attacks in rat model epilepsy.

Introduction: Increased metabolism of glycosides and pentose phosphate pathways in tumor cells, show defects in function of mitochondrion that causes resistance to drugs. In many of tumor cells, we can see high synthesis of fatty acids fro pentose phosphate that prepare many of membrane phospholipids. These evidences demonstrate that high glycosides in tumors are the result of disruptive respiration. Tumors suffer from decreased reprieve capacity, high glycosides and producing lactic acid. Structural defects in mitochondrial innermembrane disturb proton gradient, in spite of proportional oxidative metabolism, it can decrease normal ATP state. Although tumor cells need much glucose for producing energy, in this study we try to consider effects of low rate of energy with different metabolic substrate. In this study we consider effects of constitutive decrease in glucose state and increase in serum as a normal source of nutrient factors for rate of cell death in different cultures.Materials & Methods: We work in vitro on (nih3t3] cell line and mice ember ionic fibroblast cells as a control. Cells were cultured in cell culture flasks at 37oC in incubator and 5% CO2.Results: These experiments show that if we change metabolic substrate at different regular range of time, with constant slope, neoplastic cells in contrast with normal cells, don't have enough flexibility and power for changing their main metabolic substrate. so it seems that focusing on differences between normal and tumor cells in how glucose metabolism in tumor cells happen, could help us to find effective way for cancer therapy

Introduction: Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) is a useful program to survey the psychological dependence due to opioids including morphine. There is no data considering the conditioning effect induced of morphine in first offspring derived from conditioned animals to morphine. So, in this study the conditioning effect of morphine in offspring of female Wistar rats which have been conditioned to morphine through their pregnancy was investigated.Materials and Methods: A possibly sex-dependent effects induced by morphine in offspring of female rats-conditioned to morphine (2.5-7.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously, during 14, 15, 16 gestation days) using a three-day schedule of an Unbiased conditioning procedure was conducted. The (virgin) female and male adult offspring then separately were conditioned to morphine (2.5-7.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) using the same conditioning procedure as used for their mother. In addition, the locomotors activity of the examined animals was determined to survey more differences dependent to sex. The weight of the experimental animals also was recorded. Control groups were injected saline (1 ml/kg, subcutaneously).Results: Data show that female and male offspring differentially responded to morphine; the maximum response in females was produced at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg of the drug whilst the maximum response in males was observed at 5.0 mg/kg and that the magnitude of the response was the same as for the 7.5 mg/kg of the drug. In addition, the females’ locomotor activity due to conditioning procedure was potentiated at 7.5 mg/kg of morphine compared to the saline group. But, the drug had no significant effect on males’ locomotor activity during the procedure. Conditioning procedure to morphine had no effect on experimental animals’ weight.Conclusion: This study indicates the sex-dependent differences in effects induced by morphine in morphine conditioned-females' offspring. It may also highlight to consider the sex-related differences in studying on opioids.

Introduction: Increasing the incidence rate of blood borne diseases, especially viruses such as HIV, HCV and HBV with long duration of window period were the most important reasons for implementing of the confidential self-exclusion system.Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional study that was done on blood donors of Shiraz, who gave their blood in first half of 2006 (75314). The demographic pattern and prevalence rate of HBS, HCV, and HIV in blood donors who excluded their blood was measured and compared to blood donors who didn’t. Data was analyzed by chi-square test P test less than 0.05 was significant.Results: In this study, 75314 blood donors donated their blood in first half of 2006 in Fars BTO that 70.1% of them were first time blood donors and 24.2% was repeated blood donors and 5.8% had history of previous blood donation. The prevalence rate of HIV, HCV, and HBS in blood donors that excluded their blood was 0.1862%, 0.744%, 2.048% and prevalence rate of blood donors who didn’t exclude their blood was 0.0092%, 0.138%, 0.28%. The overall prevalence rate of HBS, HCV and HIV in blood donors who excluded their blood was 0.7% and for who blood donors who didn’t do was 3%. The prevalence rate of HBS-HCV-HIV in Blood donors who excluded their blood were significantly higher than ones who didn’t (p<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that because of the higher prevalence rate of HBS-HCV-HIV in blood donors who excluded their blood using of the confidential self exclusion method improves blood safety.

Introduction: Stromal cells of bone marrow are cells with mesodermal origin that can transdifferentiate into cells of three germ layers. b-mercaptoethanol (BME) and Retinoic acid (RA) which were used in BMSCs differentiation into Schwann cells at preinduction stage are indeed neural inducers. FSK (forskolin) which increases intracellular cAMP can induce these cells into neuronal fate. This study investigated whether FSK can be an appropriate substitute for BME and RA in Schwann cell differentiation.Materials & Methods: After preparation of BMSCs, cells were induced into 2 groups. Induction process was done in two steps: preinduction and induction which in the first group BME and RA were used at preinduction and HRG (Heregulin), bFGF, PDGF and FSK in induction stage while in second group cells were treated at preinduction stage by FSK and induction was done as like as the first group. After induction period, each group was stained with anti S100 antibody as a marker of Schwann cells. Then S100 positive cells were counted and the data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Expression of P0, NGF, OCT-4 and NeuroD genes were assessed with RT-PCR technique.Results: The first group had significantly higher rate of S100 positive cells than second group. None of the P0, NGF and NeuroD mRNA was expressed after induction period. Only NGF was expressed strongly after preinduction period in the first group. OCT-4 was expressed weakly in both groups after preinduction stage.Conclusion: Forskolin can mimic induction effects of BME (b- mercaptoethanol) and RA (retinoic acid) in Schwann cell differentiation from BMSCs. Lower rate of S100 positive cells in FSK group may be due to short period of preinduction stage. There isn’t any cell with neuronal fate in experimental groups because neither NGF nor NeuroD gene didn’t express after induction period

Introduction: Glucosamine (GA), chondroitine sulfate (CS) and methyl-sulfonyl-methane (MSM) are among the most widely used dietary supplements for treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, histopathological alterations and their therapeutic effects, in high doses, were evaluated in monoiodoacetat (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in Femorotibial joint of rat.Materials & Methods: To induce OA, single dose of MIA (1mg/knee) and saline were injected intra-articularly to the left and right knee joint of rat, respectively. Then, the beneficial effects of food supplements were studied in different groups, orally; Group 1: administration of GA (750 mg/kg), Group 2: administration of GA+CS (750+500 mg/kg), Group 3: administration of GA+MSM (750+200 mg/kg), Group 4: administration of GA+CS+MSM (750+500+200 mg/kg). Histopathological changes in knee joints were studied after two weeks.Results: Administration of GA alone, in OA knee, significantly prevented damage induced by MIA to chondrocytes and proteoglycane (PG) (p<0.01). No inflammatory cells or cell proliferation in synovial were observed, either. Additional supplements such as CS and/ or MSM did not produce more protective effects on chondrocytes or PG. Conclusion: It is concluded that in short term treatment with food supplements, GA plays the major role in protection of the articular cartilage besides the anti-inflammatory effects. More research is needed perhaps, using different doses or in longer period (without manufacturers interference) to guide us the correct usage of these dietary supplements.