Journal of Combat Medicine
Year:2023 | Volume:6 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

Background and Aim: Nowadays, high-risk behaviors, drug abuse, suicide, uncontrolled sexual relations, and violence have become the most important concerns of health. This systematic review investigates the role of spiritual interventions in the prevention, control, and rehabilitation of high-risk behaviors.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted through the international databases of PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and Scopus. Psych info and CINAHL data banks were also searched. The main roots development of the search strategy was developed based on the keywords “Spiritual”, “Interventions”, “Health”, “Risky Behavior”, “High-Risk Behavior”, and "Health Programs". All relevant studies were included without any limitation on publication time or language.Results: From a total of 2182 articles, after excluding duplicates, 984 articles were introduced into the refinement process. Three steps of refining based on the titles, the abstract, and the full text led to data extraction from 26 eligible articles. Considering the importance of problem, relevant findings, key points, and research outcomes were summarized under the main components of spiritual health interventions. The main results of the study emphasized that exploring the path to spiritual health should simultaneously involve all probable affecting factors that support an individual’s connection to a higher power or belief system.Conclusion: During the implementation of spiritual interventions, monitoring the procedures to ensure compliance with the program and its implementation should be followed through exact internal and external mechanisms.

Background and Aim: Childbearing is the most important demographic component and one of the most important social and cultural issues. Various economic, social, and cultural factors play a role in childbearing. The decrease in the number of children causes an impact on the growth rate of the population, the composition and structure of the population, a decrease in the active and young people of the society, and an increase in the aging population, threatening economic growth and social development. Considering the decrease in childbearing during the last two decades and because of being affected by various factors, a deep understanding of these factors helps planners, policymakers, and reproductive health consultants to make appropriate recommendations and methods to empower couples and help create the right attitude in childbearing through correct and principled education. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors related to the willingness and unwillingness to childbearing, and it is hoped that the results of this study will be an important step in identifying and removing obstacles to childbearing and increasing the population.Methods: In this study, four databases, including SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar, were reviewed using the keywords willingness, unwillingness, childbearing, and Iran, and also factors related to the willingness and unwillingness to have children. Studies were selected that were in the Persian language. The Newcastle-Ottawa tool was used to evaluate the quality of the articles.Results: The evaluation of the reviewed studies showed that cultural, economic, social and environmental, religious, psychological and physical, demographic, judicial-legal, health, organizational facilities, and job conditions are important factors in the willingness and unwillingness to childbearing.Conclusion: The current systematic review showed the effect of social, environmental, and economic factors on the willingness and unwillingness to childbearing in most studies. Among the social and environmental factors, social support of the government and acquaintances had the greatest effect on the willingness and unwillingness to childbearing, and among the economic factors, the economic status and income of individuals showed the greatest impact on the willingness and unwillingness to childbearing. Accordingly, one should pay attention to all the mentioned factors in planning, and it is not possible to influence the challenge of childbearing in Iran by emphasizing only one of them, which confirms that any planning by the authorities in the field of childbearing in Iran should be based on a comprehensive plan and pay attention to the role of all influential factors, and according to the special characteristics of the Iranian society, a strategic plan should be implemented to guide the fertility and childbearing behaviors of Iranians.

Background and Aim: The skills, structures, and some common goals, have raised the Civilian-Military Collaboration, as one of the most reliable partnerships, in disasters and public health emergency management. This collaboration addresses all essential elements of disaster management, namely principles, objectives, standards, and guidelines, staffing, structures, systems, logistics, clinical and non-clinical issues (triage and treatment), training, and management. The Islamic principle of cooperation (Thaavon), guarantees the implementation and achievements.Methods: The present study has been performed by library study, and research in reliable authentic, scientific, and Islamic documents, as well as expert opinions through semi-structured interviews.Results: The participation of military and civilian medicine, in important incidents and disasters is necessary, vital, and unavoidable. The most effective and beautiful strategy of this life-saving National collaboration becomes objectivity in the form of the Islamic culture of Taavon. The necessity, guidelines, principles, and goals of civil-military cooperation are reviewed in this article.Conclusion: The coordinated participation of military and civilian medicine, based on the Islamic principle of “Taavon”, will save the lives of a wide range of affected populations and provides the maximum reduction of damages caused by these incidents.

Background and Aim: Passive defense is a type of civilian defense system which its implementation, could be possible to prevent large financial losses to vital and sensitive military and civilian equipment and facilities, human casualties or to reduce the amount of these losses and casualties to the possibly minimum level. The purpose of this study is to identify the important factors regarding the location, architecture and pathology of health and treatment centers in crisis conditions and to reduce vulnerability to all kinds of hazards and to specify the important issues related to the passive defense approach.Methods: In this research, Iranian and foreign articles indexed from PubMed, CIVILICA, Magiran, SID and Google Scholar databases were analyzed. Fifty review articles that included quantitative and qualitative research related to the last 17 years (from 2006 to now) in Persian and English languages. Finally, 39 articles were used.Results: Passive defense is a set of non-armed actions that reduce vulnerability in crisis situations. One of the most important vulnerable centers in crisis conditions is health and treatment centers. One of the pillars of passive defense is minimizing the vulnerability of these centers and increasing their accessibility in crisis situations. In other way, the most important factor in investigating the passive defense approach in the construction and equipping of medical centers is their initial location, which is located in an area far from the population concentration, and in terms of structural, equipment, and cyber safety, it is necessary to be completely safe. On the other hand, ensuring the safety of food and drug warehouses in times of crisis and other times is one of the most important effective factors in reducing the vulnerability of healthcare centers. Increasing the level of awareness of managers and personnel of health-treatment centers regarding passive defense can be one of the most important factors in reducing the vulnerability of these centers.Conclusion: One of the most important factors for the safety of healthcare centers with a passive defense approach is prevention of structural vulnerability and their proper positioning; which can suffer the least damage and provide the most services in crisis situations. Other important things are the training of managers and personnel before the crisis, as well as observing and promoting the principles of passive defense in the food and medicine warehouses of medical centers.

Background and Aim: During the past years, terroristic attacks around the world and the use of explosives have been developed and have killed and injured defenseless people. It is vital to plan and comprehensively prepare the country's healthcare staff, especially the armed forces, in the face of explosive and terrorist trauma injuries and how to reduce its effects on the victims. The purpose of this study is to report the planning and treatment measures of military medical centers in Kerman province in the terrorist incident of this city on the anniversary of the martyrdom of Commander of Hearts, Haj Qasim Soleimani in 2023, and its results can be used as a practical and generalizable framework for treatment measures in similar incidents in Iran and other countries of the world.Methods: The study used official field reports, literature reviews, and reference databases. First, the actions of the medical centers of the armed forces during the terrorist incident in Kerman were examined, and by reviewing electronic sources, all available documents and articles related to the treatment actions of similar terrorist incidents in other countries were identified. After multi-stage screening, finally 45 documents were selected and analysis was done after coding.Results: All the actions of the medical centers of the armed forces in Kerman in providing optimal medical services to the wounded and injured due to the terrorist incident were identified and presented.Conclusion: Forecasting, planning, and periodic exercises of the country's hospitals and especially the armed forces can save the lives of the injured and improve the treatment process in response to the mission requirements in terrorist incidents. These measures include: pre-accident measures, post-accident measures, coordination and optimal intra-organizational and extra-organizational interactions, effective periodical training and exercises, etc.

Background and Aim: Heatstroke may occur as a result of physical activity or as a result of the heat of the air without performing physical activities and usually at a temperature above 40 degrees Celsius (hyperthermia) and causes disruption in the nervous system and the temperature control center (hypothalamus). Both of the above situations may occur among combatants and war migrants too.Methods: This article has been prepared by reviewing sources, library study, interviews, and reviewing medical documents in the period from 1980-1988.Results: Scientific studies show that the combatants were exposed to both types of heatstroke, including physical activity and exposure to extreme heat in some areas, which generally have temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius in some seasons of the year, and in during the mentioned years, especially in the early years of the imposed war, cases of heat stroke have been reported in the emergency units in the fronts field hospitals of the war zones.Conclusion: Heatstroke is always one of the health problems for combatants. Paying attention to health protocols and instructions, whether individual or group, thank God, has been able to reduce the severity of the disease to a great extent during the holy defense period. Paying attention to protocols and health instructions and updating them can reduce the spread of the mentioned disease among Hosseini pilgrims in similar conditions, especially during the procession of Arbaeen Hosseini (AS).

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was the evaluate using of techniques LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) to detect biological agents in bioterrorism threat. Remote and real-time identification of biological agents is now one of the key needs for defense and security dimensions in the world.Methods: In this study, has been used a descriptive method that after collecting the literature and the internet search.Results: LIBS technique based on laser-induced plasma spectroscopy can lead to determining of amount various elements in the microorganisms. In this method, in place of laser focus was evaporate a small amount of the target surface and on the impacts of successive molecules in the vapor phase, was break the molecular bonds which the atoms and ions excited were create laser induced plasmas.Conclusion: Detection of bioterrorism threats by means of light and simple at the online and distant is very important. According to the results of the research showed that LIBS technique is used to detect bioterrorism threats and its utilizations is being rapidly developed for the detection of biological agents.