SALAMAT-I IJTIMAI (Community Health)
Year:2023 | Volume:10 | Issue:5|Papers Count:3

Background and Objective: The ability to solve social problems is one of the skills and capabilities related to culture in today's world, where group cooperation and presence in a collective context are highly emphasized. The aim of this study was designing and validating a tool to measure social problem solving based on the stories of Kalileh and Demeneh. Materials and Methods: The research method was a mixed exploratory type based on the integration of the Thematic analysis method in the first stage (qualitative) and the tool development model in the second stage. In the qualitative section the Kalileh and Demaneh book were evalited. The quantitative part was conducted with the participation of 336 teenage students in the age range of 12 to 20 years and targeted sampling. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 43 questions. Data was analyzed using MAXQUDA software, LISREL-8. 8, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill. Coding reliability was calculated using Kappa method equal to 0. 95. The content validity of the scale was confirmed using experts' opinions. Results: The questionnaire for measuring social problem solving skills based on the stories of Kalila and Demeneh included the components of emotions and their management, thinking and decision-making, interpersonal communication, consultation, the way of dealing with problems and the attitude towards problem solving. Criterion validity of this questionnaire was confirmed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient equal to 0. 63, for solving the social problem of D’Zurilla at the level of 0. 001. The reliability of the tool was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale and the six dimensions identified as 0. 92, 0. 75, 0. 72, 0. 87, 0. 72, 0. 90 and 0. 83 respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that the social problem solving skill measurement scale based on the stories of Kalila and Demeneh has acceptable reliability and validity. How to cite this article: Nafar Z, Sadipour E, Dortaj F, Asadzadeh H, Ebrahimi-Qavam S. Designing and Validating of Social Problem Solving Test Based on the Stories of Kalileh and Demneh. Salāmat-i ijtimā̒ī (Community Health). 2023,10(5): 1-16. DOI: http: //doi. org/10. 22037/ch. v10i5. 31735. Corresponding Author: Esmaeil Sadipour, Email: e. sadipour@atu. ac. ir

Background and Objective: Intelligent students may experience more stress, anxiety, and adjustment problems than non-gifted students for various reasons, including perfectionism. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perfectionism and psychological symptoms with the mediation of self-compassion and external shame among intelligent students. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and correlational study was conducted with the participation of 300 high school intelligent students in Amol. A city in north of Iran, in 2022. Multistage cluster random sampling was done. The data were collected using six-dimensional and three-dimensional perfectionism, stress-anxiety-depression, self-compassion, and external shame questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests and structural equation models and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25. 0 IBM SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and AMOS-24 softwares. Results: An increase in the amount of external shame caused increase in both psychological symptoms (r=0. 581). An increase in self-pity (r=0. 393) and perfectionism (r=0. 387) caused a decrease in psychological symptoms. The coefficients of the direct path between perfectionism and self-compassion were positive but not significant (P=0. 123, β=0. 528). The relationship between perfectionism and external shame is positive and significant (P<0. 001, β=0. 498), between self-compassion and negative and significant psychological symptoms (P<0. 001, β=0. 208), There were positive and significant correlations between external shame and psychological symptoms (P<0. 001, β=0. 488). The path coefficient of the indirect effect of perfectionism through the mediation of external shame on positive and significant psychological symptoms (P<0. 001, β=0. 243) and also the indirect effect of perfectionism on psychological symptoms through the mediation of negative self-compassion and it was significant (P< 0. 001, β =-0. 109). Conclusion: The study showed that with the increase in the level of perfectionism and the subsequent increase in external shame, psychological symptoms also increase. Also, with the increase of perfectionism followed by the promotion of self-compassion, the amount of psychological symptoms decreases. How to cite this article: Akbarzade N, Bahrami B. The Relationship between Perfectionism and Psychological Symptoms with the Mediation of Self-compassion and External Shame among Intelligent High School Students of Amol. Salāmat-iijtimā̒ī (Community Health). 2023,10(5): 17-29. DOI: http: //doi. org/10. 22037/ch. v10i5. 31762. Corresponding Author: Bita Bahrami, Email: bahrami. clinicalpsych@gmail. com

Background and Objective: Risky behaviors are among the factors that threaten the health of adolescents, which have significant effects on adolescents and society. The aim of this research is to determine the mediating role of cost-benefit estimation, future orientation in the relationship between sensation seeking and cognitive abilities with high-risk behaviors among adolescents in Shiraz. Materials and Methods: This correlational and structural equation modeling study was conducted with the participation of 500 male adolescent in Shiraz city with available sampling in 2023. The data were collected using questionnaires of cognitive abilities, future orientation, calculation, risky behavior and the short form of sensation seeking scale. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and AMOS-26 statistical software. Results: With the increase in sensation seeking, risky behaviors increased (r=0. 12). But with the increase of cognitive capabilities (r=-0. 41), future orientation (r=-0. 26) and cost-benefit estimation (r=-0. 20), behaviors Risky decreased. Cognitive abilities have a direct, negative and significant effect on high-risk behaviors (β=-0. 501, P<0. 001), while a positive and significant direct effect on cost-benefit estimation (β=0. 260, P<0. 001) and future orientation (β=-0. 683, P<0. 001). On the other hand, sensation seeking has a direct, positive and significant effect on risky behaviors (β=0. 131, P<0. 001) and cost-benefit estimation (β=0. 397, P<0. 001), while which has a significant and negative direct effect on future orientation (β=-0. 084, P=0. 023). Also, cost-benefit estimation (β=-0. 169, P<0. 001) and future orientation (β=-0. 139, P=0. 024) have a negative and significant direct effect on high-risk behaviors. Conclusion: The study showed that rising risky behaviors increased with the increase in sensation seeking. But with the increase of cognitive capabilities, future orientation and cost-benefit estimation, risky behaviors decreased. Sensationalism and cognitive abilities have a negative indirect effect on high-risk behaviors through cost-benefit estimation and future orientation. Therefore, the two variables of cost and benefit estimation and future orientation have a mediating role in the relationship between sensation seeking and cognitive abilities with risky behavior. How to cite this article: Hashemi A, Aminimanesh S, Chinaveh M, Khanzadeh M. The Role of Cognitive Abilities and Sensation Seeking in High Risk Behaviors: The Mediational Model of Future Orientation and Calculation. Salāmat-iijtimā̒ī (Community Health). 2023,10(5): 30-41. DOI: http: //doi. org/10. 22037/ch. v10i5. 31742. Corresponding Author: Sajad Aminimanesh, Email: aminimanesh@iaushiraz. ac. ir