KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2002 | Volume:7 | Issue:part 2|Papers Count:17

HTL V-I is a virus of to the retrmiruse family with endemic areas in the world. One of in the Khorasan province with 2.3% prevalence in the general population. This virus is believed to be responsible for two important diseases: ATL (Adult T-Cell Lymphoma and Leukemia) and HAM/TSP (HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy),these have a high prevalence in endemic areas of the virus. The role of this virus in causing disease and also information about if will be useful for other retroviruses like HIV. To study different aspects of the virus and related diseases we need a continca? availability to the virus through a cell line. In this study, for the first time, we succeeded to establish a T-Cell line infected with HTLV-I from a patient with ATL disease by using PHA and discontinuous -antigen non-specific stimulation in Iran. We confirmed the infectivity of the T-Cell line by IFA and PCR methods. Similar T-Cell lines had been established by researchers in other endemic countries, e.g., Japan and North America.

The Endochondral Bone Matrix Gelatin (Ec BMG) and its derivative materials are used for bone induction. However we used of Ec BMG in the pulp cavity for cell differentiation and secondary dentin formation. This research designed to evaluate the pulp cell (Ectomesenchymal cells) differentiation and secondary dentin formation by using Ec BMG in Deutch-Poland rabbits. Ec BMG was prepared from long bones (femur, tibia, humerus, radius and ulna) of rabbits ( weight 1.5 kg) as previously described by Urist. Twelve male rabbits were divided in to three groups. In each group, the right mandibular incisive tooth was implanted with BMG as the experimental groups. The left sides were used as control groups. The animals were killed at 7, 14 and 21 days after operation. The teeth were extracted and processed by routine histological procedures, stained (by Hematoxilin and Eosin and Trichrom Masson) and studied by ligth microscope. Seven days after operation the differentiation of pulp cells and secondary dentin formation were not detectable and only inflammatory cells appeared arond the BMG particles. At day 14th after operation, the BMG particles were surrounded by odontoblast like cells and seconday dentin was seen. Twenty- one days after operation, odontoblast like cells,and secondary dentin appeared in the pulp cavity and BMG particles were absorbed almost entirely. In conclusion, the Ec BMG particles have the capacity to differentiate pulp cells to odontoblast ,like cells and form secondary dentin. Therefore, it seems, the BMG may have clinical use for dentinogenesis.

This study was performed on 36 healthy men volunteers and nonathletes aged 20 to 30 years. The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of 20 and 60 degrees of knee flexion on electromyography of VMO and VL muscles during squat and step-down exercises. In this study, considering the dominant lower exteremity, surface electrodes were attached on VMO and VL muscles. An electronic goniometer, equipped with visual - auditory feedback and warning system was placed on the lateral region ,of the subjects knee. In order to make a position of 20 or 60 degrees of knee flexion quring two tasks, electrical activities of VMO and VL muscles, were recorded by an electromyographic biofeedback, and the areas under the two curves were used for statisical analysis. Statistical analysis with paired t-test showed that VMO and VL activity in 60 degrees of knee flexion during squat and step-down was increased in comparison with 20 degrees of knee flexion (P=0.0001).On the other hand, VMO activity was significantly increased in all positions except 20 degrees of knee flexion during squat in comparison with VL activity. In addition, the results of comparing VMO/VL electrical activity ratios in 20 and 60 degrees of knee flexion during the two different tasks showed that this ratio was significantly increased only in 60 degrees comparing with 20 degrees of knee flexion during squat exercises, (p = 0.001).In other conditions, the comparison of ratios showed no signifieant differences (p>O.05). Considering the significant increase of VMO activity in comparison .with VL in 20 degrees of knee flexion during step-down exercise comparing with squat exercise with counterpart degrees of knee flexion, it seems that the strengthening of VMO muscle In the initial degrees of knee flexion during step-down exercise, has great value. Although, comparing the ratios of activity of the muscles in 60 degrees of knee flexion during two tasks the increment of VMO/VL ratio in 60 degrees in squat exercise was not significant (p=0.062), 60 degrees of knee flexion may be import in VMO strengthening.

Resently, sequential culture media (G1.2and G2.2)have been introduced for blastocyst culture. However,these media in long-term embryo culture, some of hatching (HgB) and hatched (HdB) blastoycsts (the blastocoel gradually becomes smaller and morever, HgB returns to the zona pellucida and some of the blastomers show signs of degeneration). This study was initiated to examine involved factor(s) in this event. So, Rs1 and Rs2 included salts, carbohydrates and glutamine were prepared T6.1and T6.2media as T6 medium. But, their carbohydrates were as Rs1 and Rs2 concentrations, respectively. Nonessential (NEAAs) and essential (EAAs) amino acids, vitamins (vits) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, 4mg/ml, fraction V, free fatty acids) (experiment II.III) or human serum ablumin (Albumin-20) (experiment I, IV) were added to them according to experiment. One-cell mouse embryos (NMRI, out bred) were cultured in the media for 5 days as follow: Experiment I: One-cell embryos were cultured in commercial G1.2or Rs1+NEAAs for the first 48h and G2.2or Rs2+NEAAs+ EAAs+vits for 3 days. Experiment II-1:One-cell embryos were cultured in Rs1 or Rs1+NEAAs for 48h and then cultured in Rs2 and/or Rs2+NEAAs+ EAAs for 3 days (group 1 and 2). Experiment II-2:The medium in the second phase of experiment II (Rs2+NEAAs+EAAs) was renewed after 2 days. Experiment Ill: One-cell embryos were cultured in T6.1+NEAAs for 48h and then transferred to T6.2+NEAAs+ EAAs to culture for 3 days. Experiment IV: One-cell embryos were cultured in Rs1+NEAAs and then transferred to Rs2+NEAAs + EAAs. Media in experiments I, III and IV supplemented with BSA and albumin-20 respectively. The results were: experiment I: most embryos (HgB+ HdB) were collapsed on the 5th day of culture. Experiment II-1:on the 5th day, there was no collapsed HgB or HdB in group 1 but a few of embryos collapsed in the 2nd group. Experiment II-2: Medium renewalization did not affect blastocyst collapse. Experiment Ill: The results were the same as experiment I (group I) and a few of HgB or HdB were collapsed on the 5th day. Experiment IV: A high percentage of HgB and HdB were collapsed. These results ,showed that:) human serum albumin (Albumin-20) was a main factor and amino acids were also involved in the blastocyst collapse process,) This process was independent of basic salt solution of sequential culture media, and vitamins and medium renewal did not improve blastocyst collapse.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a dominated mechanism of learning and memory in the hippocampus and neocortex. In the neocortex environmental signals may underlie LTP. In this study we investigated the effects of dark rearing on potentiation of layer II/III responses to stimulation of layer IV or the underlying white matter in the visual cortex in vitro. LTP was induced by primed-burst stimulation (PBs) applied to white matter or layer IV of the cortex in light and dark reared rats. Regardless of the stimulation site, layer II/III field potentials consisted of two excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) named EPSP1 and EPSP2. In general, latency of responses in dark reared rats was shorter than that in light reared ones. Whereas PBs of layer IV produced LTP of two components in both groups, that of white matter induced an appreciable potentiation of EPSP2 in both groups and EPSP1 in dark reared rats. These results indicate that PBs of either white matter or layer IV can gain access to the modifiable synapses that are related to EPSP2 of layer II/III responses in light and dark reared visual cortex, but accessibility of the modifiable synapses that are related to EPSP1 depends on tetanization site. The dark rearing enhances accessibility of the modifiable synapses that are related to EPSP1 following PBs of the white matter. It is suggested that the immaturity of inhibitory circuits and/or better function of excitatory ones in the visual cortex of dark reared rats may contribute to the enhanced accessibility of EPSP1.

Mitral valvuloplasty with single Balloon or Inoue method has been used for about one decade in Iran for treatment of patients with mitral stenosis. We evaluated early outcomes, complications, and immediate hemodynamic results of 365 cases of Percutaneous Transseptal Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC) in two academic centers from 1997 to 1999 288 cases were females (78.9%) and 77 of were male (21%). The mean age was 42 years (14-74) with a mean score of 6.2. Valvutomy was technically successful in 97.5% of the procedures and the mean mitral valve area increased from (0.99±0.46 cm2) to (1.98± 0.53cm2) and the mean trans mitral valve gradient (TMVG) decreased from (19.5±10.8 mmHg) to (2.7±1.3 mmHg). There was no procedural death during PTMC and only one hospital death (after emergency surgery for severe MR). Major procedural complications included cardiac tamponade during septostomy in 3 cases (0.82%). Severe mitral regurgitation (MR>+3)in 4 cases (1.09%) and systemic embolization in two cases (0.59%). 12 patients had previous histories of closed mitral valve commissurotomy (CMVC) or open mitral valve comissurotomy (OMVC) (%3.2). 32% of Cases had AF rhythm before PTMC. In two cases PTMC was performed simultaneously with tricuspid vavuloplasty with the same balloon and in one case PTMC was associated with PTCA of the RCA. This study revealed that our results are similar to other studies that has been reported by other investigators using The same techniques. The Inoue technique is a safe and effective method in most patients with mitral stenosis.

Warts are one of the most common skin diseases, during school age. Itis seen in 10% of the general population. Both medical and surgical modalities are recommended for Treatment as is cryotherapy. In this method liquid nitrogen is used as cryogen. The main device which is used is a spray gun or cotton wool buds, through which either liquid nitrogen is sprayed from a short distance or cotton wool buds are rubbed on the lesion; In this article we are considernig the effectiveness of cryotherapy in the treatment of different types of warts. The study was descriptive. At first we prepare a questionnaire which includes the information such as personal status, Location of lesion, number of sessions, and number of cycles in each session treatment: The questionnaires were completed by a dermatologist. Among the patients from our clinic 200 were selected according to clinical diagnosis, kind of wart and the tendency of the Patients who had not continued the session for any reasons, were omitted from this study- After completion of all questionnaires we coded the information and, imalyzed them with SPSS program. The results of the treatment are as follows: 16.5% of the patients.were cured completly after the first session. 52.5 % after the second, 20.5% after the third, 5.5% after the fourth, 4% after the fifth and 1% after the sixth session. According to the above survey most patients 52.5% were cured after the second session and the rest needed futher treatment.

CT-Scan is commonly used for diagnostic purposes. It is occasionally used for invasive therapeutic procedures. Patient immobility is required during each exposure to produce a high-quality image. For patients who are or unable to control their movements, specially in children, sedation or even anesthesia may be required. The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to determine the efficacy, safety and adverse events of two general anesthesia methods. One hundred children 10 days to 84 months of age scheduled for CT-Scanning were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Halothane or thiopental. Induction of anesthesia was done with halothane or thiopental. At induction and during the procedure oxygen satura ???? (SP02) and Pulserate (PR) was monitored. The sex, age, weight, preinduction SP02 and PR had nonsignificant differences. The thiopental group showed significantly less mean induction time and longer mean recovery time and more oral feeding time than the halothane group. Rate, frequency and duration of SP02 reduction in the thiopental group were significantly less than the halothane group. It was concluded that each method was safe and effective for remote pediatric anesthesia. Inhalation is superior in small children and neonates due to difficult access to IV line and the thiopental method is supperior than halothane in older cmldren (due to more SP02 reduction by inhalation anesthesia and easy access to IV line).

This study tries to compare the effect of ligation and cautrization of the iliac lymphatic vessels of the recipient on the incidence of lymphocele formation after live heterotopic kidney transplantation in 578 cases. from 1992-1999 in 341 cases (study group) the lymphatics were cut after cauterization and in 237 cases (control group) the lymphatics were not cut or after cutting, the ligation has done with non absorbable sutures. In the study group in 43 months follow up, the lymphoceles that needed invasive procedures were not observed and in the control group one symptomatic lymphocele was recognized. In comparison of the two groups no significant difference was seen (P=O.47). It seems at least in living kidney donor transplantation ligating of the recipient lymphatic vessels has no advantage over cauterization.

The widespread use of spinal anesthesia in various operations necessitates long acting anesthetic drugs with a low incidence of complications. lidocaine is an effective drug with low side effects but has no long-acting effects. Sympathomimetics and narcotics can increase and potentiate the time and quality of lidocaine anesthesia. In this randomized clinical trial, the effects of intraspinal clonidine on the time and quality of lidocaine spinal anesthesia was studied. Among the orthopedic or abdominal surgeries, 60 patients were selected and randomly divided in two equal groups The first group had spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and clonidine and the second lidocaine only. The results that were analyzed with the student t-test. In the first group, mean analgesia time was significantly longer [150-180 min. VS 60-90 min] in comparison to the other group (Lidocaine only). Furthermone the quality of analgesia was better in the first group. The most common side effect was greater hypotention in the second group. These findings show that administration of clonidine with lidocaine in spinal anesthesia, causes prolongation and potentiation of spinal anesthesia and has lower side effects. This results in lowered general anesthesia use in patients where narcotics and sympathomimetics are contraindicated, clonidine is a good alternative for prolongation of lidocaine spinal anesthesia.

Leiomyosarcoma is one of the rarest tumors of the kidney and has a very progressive and invasive behaviour. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not effective in disease control. Here a case of leiomyosarcoma in a 27 years old woman is reported. The patient was evaluated with epigastric pain, that in different work ups, physicians diagnosed a mass in the right kidney, and radical nephrectomy was done for the patient. The pathologic report indicated leiomyosarcoma that documented by immunohistochemical markers.

Shortly after gulf war (G.W) thousands of war veterans referred with sign and symptoms of an unknown disease called G.W illness. Despite multiple studies undertaken by several non-governmental and governmental centers this illness remains unclassified and can not be coded by international classification of disease (I.C.D). The etiology has not been found and the illness appears to be multifactorial and basically related to use of depleted uranium (D.U) weapons, chemical warfare (C.W) and biological agents. This article reviews this illness and the adverse effects of D.U and B.c.W agents in the G.W battlefields.