JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2006 | Volume:57 | Issue:178|Papers Count:10

According to a great number of shia and sunni traditions, a few days after the prophet death, Imam Ali compiled the holy Koran by order of the holy prophet.This collection that is Known as "imam ali's Moshaf" contained commentary and interpretation of the koranic verses and the verses are clear (muhkam) or ambiguous (mutashabih) and the cause of revelation that is known as "asbabal-nuzul"In addition, the abrogating verses came after the abrogated verses like Madani verses and Meccan verses. Some of Moslem scholars relate that the "moshaf" was collected according to the arrangement of revelation, it is only based on the "Ibn Sirin tradition" and we don't see it in others especially Shia traditions, there foreit isn't an assurable opinion.Finally, as a result: Imam Ali's moshaf was the first text in koranic science filed because it contained the most important of its subjects.

The social realism is a significant literary school. One may notice this school in various forms and works in the world literature.Its source and origin can be traced in the Marxism philosophy which has influenced the Eastern European peoples. Many works, such as the novels, poems, and plays have been formed on the basis of this school in Russia and the third world countries. Najib Mahfuz is one of these literary figures who have been under this influence and school. Here, it has been tried to mention the various characteristics of social realism and their manifestations in Mafuz's literary works.

One of the major branches of studies in the history of literature is to investigate the factors and background of literary development.Recognizing this development, the features, the effective elements, etc. can help us understand and comment on the literary texts quite well and scientifically. A series of social and cultural changes and grounds may cause a literary style to emerge and form.In this research, it has been tried to recognize and analyze certain literary factors in the Arabic literature after "Omaviyan" Period being called the Arabic literary movement.

In the books written on rhetorics, figures of speech, and literary terms one may find different bnon-systematic classifications of puns. Some of these methods have been translated from the Arabic literary texts. Some other classifications are based on phonetics and phonology. In this research after surveying the common methods of classification, it has been tried to put forward certain new scientific methods for classifying puns.

In this research, it has been tried to survey certain Persian sentences and based on the linguists' ideas the existence of the number phrase in definition phrase in the Persian Language is demonstrated. Then it has been attempted to show that the position of the plural morpheme in Persian, quite similar to the other languages, is the core of the number phrase. Along with surveying the features of the plural morpheme in Persian the researchers try to prove that the numbers being more than one do not accompany the nouns having the plural morpheme in Persian and this process is due to the specific characteristics of the plural morpheme in Persian which is also contrary to some other languages.

Khaghani Shervaniis one of the greatest authors and poets of the sixth cent. (A.H.) in the Persian literature. He has also written poems in Arabic. Understanding his poetical works is very difficult since he has repeatedly used various knowledge of his time, such as the Islamic concepts and the Holy Hadith, the Iranian and Semitic mythology, etc. His poetical works have been edited and published several times.In this research it has been tried to re-edit and re-correct a few verses more profoundly than the previous corrections.

The Holy Prophets have used different styles and methods so as to invite their peoples toward the Straight Path. The major trends of this holy invitation are the sacred wisdom, the nicest way of preaching, and good conflicts. Sometimes a little bit force may be used in specific cases as well. On the other hand, the principal figures of the unbelievers and the ignorant folk were always against them. These evil characters have used ignoring process psychological destruction, backbiting, preventing them from their holy propaganda, torture, exiling and murder to stop them.

The books written on the world strange items and categories, may be called as a literary genre, too.They also originate from the people's beliefs, traditions, customs, and culture of a specific region. Some of these strange items and categories have been turned into various tales of mysteries. The experts of other fields, such as geography, history, etc. have used them as well. Azari Toosi has considered them from a mystical and moral perspective. Based on his attitude toward them, he has created certain poetical works.

The Glorious Qur'an is the most outstanding and greatest "Book" having a unique text, unique letters, and revealed by the Unique Creator, the Almighty God.Unfortunately there are a few nonsense discussions concerning this Great Holy Book on the basis of the seven letters narration. Hence, in this research, it has been tried to reject this wrong theory scientifically and quite rationally, of course, after a brief presentation of them along with some reasonable analyses.

The three great poets, i.e. Hafez, Khayyam, and Abulala Mu' am have many things in common though they have had no influence on each other.The common intellectual yhings in the poetical works of Hafez and Khayyam may be classified in three categories, that is to say, God, human beings, and the university. Hafez believes in plato and Khayyam in Aristotle. But they have a common nostalgia concerning the man and universe. t They suffer from the wrong social status a lot. They believe that one should rejoice for the time being. They both believe in fatalism. They are dissatisfied with the management of the world and they contantly complain. They are both againt the wrong traditions and object all the time.