JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2003 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Sheikh Hassan Borini and Abdol Qani Nablosi are Arabic literary men who have a literary and gnostic commentary on the elegy of khamrieh of Ibn Farez; the Egyption poet. The author of this article tried to correct and commentate it in Arabic and persian language,which is in prose and poetry.

Descartes,the most famous French Philosopher and in a sense the founder of the modern western thought, enjoyed some new reflection and idea about the problem of God. Among these, we can point to some special arguments in regard to The Existence of God, whether invented or made a new interpretation of the older arguments by him. In this article, one of these arguments called ((The trademark argument)) meaning ((The special effect of the maker)) has been criticized. On this point, the most important of critical discourse by Descartes contemporaries has been treated as well as some independent judgments and critical demonstration by the author himself.

What is themanzed in this essay is concerned to Kants acquaintance with two main books of David Hume. The relationship of Kant and Hume is much more intricate than the traditional account suggests. It seems that this reconstruction of Kants conception of Hume s problem shows that it is not inappropriate to speak of an Antinomy of Imagination" in Hume. Attention to the dialectical dimension of Hume s problem takes thus a further step toward justifying the epithet "The Scottish Kant" and gives more credence to a "Copernican reading of Hume".

Primary Principles,for Aristotle, are the foundations of, and Prior to, all empirical and rational Knowledge; this does hold about all ideas and judgments too. This means that the knowledge,as a whole,is grounded on these principles; and, therefor,that is taken for granted,by Aristotle, that these are unprovables and self-evidents. Among these Principles, the Principle of non-contrudiction is prior to all, and prime principle, so that every meaningful,and a sound bank argumentation, and in general,every meaningful speech,and evena declaration of one word which has a definite meaning is founded on this principle. According to Aristotle while this principle is not innateone,we can not acquire it from demonstration,and it is, in this sense,an unacquirable principle; but this does not mean that it is absolutely so. We can (and must) acquire it only from sensation and Nous (intellectual intuition). This paper undertakes indicating the wayin which the principle of non-contrudiction is acquired from sensation and Nous.

In this article the auther tried to consider the concept of non- existance in the field of philosophy and also in Islamic mystics especially in gnostic poetry. In this case I used many examples from Mathnavi, Shams odds and etc... To understand the difference between these two views of gnostism and philosophy, I consider the views of philosophers about non - existance at first part of article, then study the viewpoint of gnostic poet at the second part of article.

"Pantheism" is one of the old issues in wisdom and mysticism. Prior to Muslim sages and mystics, Greek sages talked about the issue. Thereafter, sophists, mystics, and then theology sages such as Hakim Molla Sadra Shirazi and Hakim Haj Molla Hadi Sabzevari and his followers,based on their talent and reasoning as well as Holy Koran and tradition,propounded "originality of existence".Hakim Sabzevari, who is on of the great commentators and of celebrated disciples of Molla Sadra Shirazi, accepting mystics views in his works and poems, has associated their opinions with reasoning and divine law and stated the issue in a decorated and adorned manner. He has consistently associated "pantheism" with "originality of existence" and "graduation of the Light", and brought together the beliefs of the theosophers of illumination and the mystics views and, on the basis of "transcendental wisdom", expilcated them.

Mystics have always asserted that their intuitionive and inner experiences are not conversational. The problem is why they can not express their experiences? Is this for any especiality in them or for any root incompleteness in the nature of language? What Stace has asserted for answering to these questions is that such ineffability is for mystical experiences are not logical but they are paradoxical, yet the language is founded upon logical rules and laws. But Ibn-e Arabi has another theory for explaning that ineffability of mystical experiences.I have compared these two views with other views in the matter and have shown that Ibn-e Arabis view is seem to be better than others to explane such ineffability.

In this work we have talked about Mulla Sadras views and his literature. He is the well-known philosopher for the last four centuries ago in Islamic world, and also his efficacy in philosophical thought is very important in the history of Islamic philosophy. At first, we have pointed to his skill in both Arabic and Persian literature. His works in these two languages are very easy and difficult; easy in words and difficult in meaning. Some samples of his poems and prose are brought here. Secondly, we have pointed to the Characteristics of his views and have emphasized on two points. 1. Inner harmony: This is the major Characteristic in Mulla Sadras views. We can see this harmony in all principles of his philosophy (Hikmat motaaliah). For example, he emphasizes on Basicality of being in Unity of God as it as in Resurrection of body. 2. Inclination to mysticism: There are many examples of mystical matters that is the important principle of his philosophy. For example, he emphasizes on Unity of Being as an ultimate aim of his effort in philosophy.

Tale in an echo of mans idals & aspirations whethe be the appeasarce of fable, myth, anecdot or be under the disguise of short story, novel, etc. Tale belongs to the first group of phenomena which not only provides the reader with entertainment, day dreaming & insight, it also satisfies mans aesthetic sense. It is because of this season that a great past of literature is constituted of the genre of fiction. One of the many kinds of fiction is the mystical narrative, the fundamental basis (axis) of which is "Keramat". Because of his awareness of the storys felt impression and in order to prove its central basis, the narrotor has made use of such a strncture.Most of these narration can be analysed through the critical criteria of the modern stories. For this aim, the present writer has studied the strncture of the three ancient mystrical works - kashf Al- Mahjub, Asrar Al-tohid, Tazkerat Al - aliya - from the narrative point of view.

The matter of women is one of the most important matters that go back to the history of Genesis (human creation). Although that in many societies, the clignity of woman who is the symbol of beauty for creature,has not yet recognized and the woman couldnt know herself as must be. and woman didnt believe herself as it is Suit, she didnt pay any attention to her God talent who has donored the talent for his kindness, and merciful. I decided to express this article as an introduction for the woman nature dimensions, and the graces of God that has donored her. Therefore I studied on some of women who had decided to explore her existence in a truth way and with the force of faith and love with the knowledge means had reached to the highest mountain of west and the truth sphinx of herself, and becouse I saw from the first that this study is so broad, I decided to study on the most mystic woman and I recognized her knowledg; as the most important standard.