JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2003 | Volume:53 | Issue:166-167|Papers Count:13

Iranian people attempt to write the biography of poets from ancient time because they had an old relationship with poem; the beautiful and rhythmic pherases, and due to this feeling from the fifth centurey A.H. when the persian poetry reach to the high level. The first biographer who wrote the biography of poets (in persian literature it is called Tazkareh) is Abu Taher Khatoni Movafaqoddoleh. He was A Salajeqeh courtier lived in the second half of fifth century and wrote Manaqeb ol - Shoara. Tazkereh Sobh Golshan writen by. Seyyed Ali Hassan Khan Bahupal (his nikname is Salim) at 1915 that consists the biography of old and modern poets.

The aim of this discussion is to study the poetic concepts of Farrokhi in the field of music and frequency of measures as well as prosodic rhythms in his poetical works. Those rhythms that the poet was interested in them and has benefited them during his poetic works for various contents and analysis of concepets link with rhythms and music of his speech and showing rhythms used in easy - difficult speech of an eloquent poet who has passed away on 429 A.H while has not reached to his senectitude.

It has been attempted in this article to search for the most delicate and the most vivid ethical concepts in Attars anecdotes and parables. There fore, these ethical concepts and evidences have been extracted from his four famous and indisputable didactic herois couplets, i.e; Asrar Nameh, Elahi Nameh Manteg-al-teir, and Mosibat Nameh and have been studied in three areas: obligation of man before God, obligation of man before himself and his relatives, and obligation of man before Society.

A research was carried out into speech errors in Farsi, aiming at categorizing them. As many as 1064 speech errors were simultaneously classified on two lingual and paralingual axes. The relations of substitution, interchange, addition, omission, and mixture constituted the parts of paralingual axis. Categories of phonology, morphology, and syntax on the other hand were included on the lingual axis. No relationship was proved to exist between the factors of sex and education on the hand and parts of lingual and paralingual classification on the other hand. The results of x2 tests confirmed the relationship between sex and the frequency of speech errors in paralingual relations and lingual categories, as well as the relationship between education and the frequency of speech errors in paralingual relations. However, the results of x2 tests did not prove any relationship between education and the frequency of errors in lingual categories.

Naser Khosrow is a great poet whose poetries and works are about philosophy, discourse and religious subjects. The great post, by use of imagination and rhetoric aspects has converted difficult philosophical thoughts and discourse into beautiful form of poetry. Intelectual concepts in Naser Khosrows speech changed to material and objective images and real forms by use of simile and metaphor. Emotion, life and freshness in the works of Naser Khosrow caused his works to be permanent.

In this research, the myth of the eternal life and death proir to the death of the body are treated as one of the great desires and wishes of man, refering to the myths of some of the nations and religions taking this idea in to consideration. In this passage, approaching the eternal life is viewed in our persion literature like Shahname Ferdosi, Khams Nezami and Manteghoteire Attar various proofs of this work are described by employing comparison and using facts which are described above such symbols, imaging death before the death of the body like death and rebirth of things like the sun, the moon and Gognus are also described.

1. The " grammatical structure and conceptual analysis of the contemporary technical and scientific worlds and idioms" is one of the most essential concerns of the worlds advanced languages, and the present article deals with the same concern in Farsi, It explains the grammatical and conceptual principles and rules of neologism in Farsi to open a new window to the contemporary world. And finally some of the words and idioms introduced in the last few decades are reviewed and proper words and idioms, which are made on the basis of grammatical and conceptual principles and rules, are presented to the Iranian scientific community. 2. This article is the result of a study on the most urgent problems of Farsi language and discusses an advance Farsi, that while maintaining its cultural and historical identity and moving along with global culture, science and technology, show a great capacity in translation, transfer and production of knowledge and in performing its national and global function is never impressed by the fame of other ianguages and never goes down before them, but with a special liberality and perfectionism enters a proper interaction with glorious languges of the world like french, English, Arabi, etc.

One of the important dimentions religious knowledge is it,s aesthetical outlook. This essay is seeking to study religious aesthetic of Hafez lyric poems with attention to his worldview and vision to God, human being, nature, Qoran, love ect. For documentation each of these elements, I have presented examples of Qoran , narratives or Hafez lyric poems which appropirate to this issue. This essay ends by conclusion and refrences. Basic centrality in this research is Hafez lyric pomes. That means my basic emphasis is on text and external textual factors history, current science which belongs to age of Hafez and subfactors were appraised. It means I viewed history by Hafez not viewed Hafez threugh history.

This is the third part of translation of one chapter of Quran that is derived fram research about "commentary and translation of two chapter of Quran" Hamd and Ekhlas (Praisa and Devotion). In this article the auther tried to introduce the most important and beautiful translations that have been done through history of persian literature. At first abrief biography of these writers have been presented and then I have introduced their works.

The epic of Gilgamesh has sumerian origin but what we have is a babylonian version. We now have the epic as it has been translated from stone tablets to European languages and then to persian. In persian we have some comprehensive translations or summarized versions with different stories. Though the original version of the epic has one chronological story, in some versions the details are different. In this research all the details are not considered, but the details which are effective on the comprehension of the main version will be dealt with. In this essay I have tried to mention the reasons for the existence of different narratives and the reasons why they exist, I will bring forward the reasons showing their truth or falsity. The benefit of this essay is that it helps the scholars of Gilgamesh not to look at the epic from a narrow point of view one - sidedly. The basis of this research is the book "Ancient Near Eastern Text" by james B. prichard.

Spring and Now Ruz (the first day of the solar year) and all that is related, like environmental changes, and special rituals and traditions has been the subject of the speech of many poets. However, if these be viewed from the viewpoint of poets who are satirists as well, it is of another elegance. In this article, it has been attempted to classify and put forth those points which are of satirical importance to the poets. Though these points are various and too many, but 16 points have been referred to here. The main points of reference are: the great many changes that occur in nature, animals such as birds and human and the rest are as follows: ThaEne-TakaEni (cleaning up the house) and its difficulties, the great expenses for renewals, also low incomes, goods of inferior quality, and the sellers overcharging the buyers, the impatience and irritability of the families, ChahaEr - Shanbeh - Soori, "Haft - seen", getting or giving ."Eydi" (mony handed to the young by the elders), having guests at home and "Seezdeh-bedar" (getting to the country sides on the 13th of Farvardeen just for fun and pleasure). And it is a good thing here to mention some poet,s description of spring in this way : Trees like madness blossom a new Flowers, too, mock the nightingale