JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2006 | Volume:56 | Issue:2 (176)|Papers Count:12

In this research, first, it has been tried to introduce a brief background of the Persian drama. Then a sort of terminology and classification concerning the word "drama" has been done.A comparative study and a contrastive analysis of the terms epic, tragedy, comedy, and lyric have been put forward as well. At the end, the main purpose of this research, i.e. the dramatic aspects of Shahnameh and Khamseh, has been investigated and discussed.The story of Rostam and Esfandiyar and the story of Khosrow and Shirin have been selected and analyzed. A scientific conclusion out of the critical analysis of these two stories on the basis of the dramatic elements and structures has been finally presented.

Imam Ali' s Nahjulbalaqah is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding Islamic and literal}'texts. Hence, there are many explanations, translations, and interpretations concerning this wonderful holy work. One of them belongs to the great Shiite scholar, i.e. Abulhasan Ali Ibn –Hasan Zavari in the tenth century (A.H). He was the student of the scholars such as Korki and Fathullah Kashani. Many scholars, such as Mina Abdullah Afandi, Malekosho ara Bahar, Said Nafisi, etc. have admired his scientific status. In this paper, as an extract from the researcher's Ph.D. dissertation, it has been tried to edit this translation and explanation of Nahjulbalaghah. In this process, the researcher has referred to five valid texts and references being present in four significant libraries in Iran.

The meters of a poem is like a form that a poet gives it soul and life: and wear it a cloth of word. So it would be Possible that a unique meters in two Poet9S book with different Styles and taest looks different. Because of a limitation in poetic meters we can more understand the power of great poets like Hafez in this article we will talk about Some subjects of Hafez poem music:One of the notable properties of Hafez poems is the music of his poems and their meters that makes his poems to be different from others which is the secret of his chamer poems.Another subject that we are going to talk about is the most abundant meters in his poem book and the study of poems and their meters and comparison between Hafezs poems and other poems of other. Great poets that have the same meters.

In this research, it has been tried to investigate the first establishment of the Iranian literary societies up to 1335 (A.H.). The first formation of these societies was done in the royal courts. Although the Iranian poets have eulogized the monarchs, they have played an important part in surviving the Persian language and culture. These literary societies have been held in the authors' houses and in the traditional coffee shops as well.

One of the ways to recognize person's viewpoint is to survey his attitudes toward massive figures. The researcher has studied Mowlawi's viewpoint concerning Muawiyah and compared it with the Qur' anic and Hadith Knowledge before. In this research, it has been tried to compare and measure this viewpoint with certain historical realities.At the end, he has attempted to analyze and criticize this point of view.

Hermeneutics is one of the most important methods in modem literary criticism. This modem method has two different periods: I. Traditional hermeneutic which considers the principle of the definite and absolute meaning of discourse. II. New hermeneutics, which considers meaning as the reader, perceives. Although one may survey Hafez poetical works from different literary perspectives, such as the formalistic approach or the mythological attitude, one of the best methods in surveying and analyzing his poems is still the hermeneutic one.

During fifty years of political decline at the end of the Ilkhanan Period many political movements took place all over the country. Sarbedaran Movement was one of them and they ruled over certain parts of Khorasan. Their government caused many significant and principal developments in the political, social, and religious status of the eastern parts of Iran which were quite unique during the history of that era. These great changes have been surveyed in this research.

Discussing and expressing love is both pleasant and difficult. It seems hard to talk about it since it is a personal and spiritual phenomenon. Love is merely produced through personal experiences. Hence, the lyrical works of Jamal Al-Din Esfahani express his psychological status and emotions.In this research it has been tried to investigate the love, lover, and beloved in his poetical works.The major themes of this paper are the origin and definition of love, the characteristics of love, the love itself, the nostalgia and sorrow caused by love, the hurt created by the beloved, the various features of the lover and beloved.

During the history of man, anthropology or the scientific study of man has been a major trend in the studies of various scholars, experts in ethics, psychologists, sociologists, etc. Even an ordinary man is also very willing to know himself well. In this way one may consider all of the differences among the scholars originating from the real definition and characteristics of the man himself. In this research, a new definition of man has been presented apart from all of the mental cultural, historical, ethnical, social and scientific characteristics. Here the man has been considered as a creature being respected by his own Creator, i.e. God. A man has many outstanding capabilities though some of them can be opposite too. A man should first recognize himself quite well and in this way he can know his own Creator, i.e. God perfectly too. Some great quotes from Mulla Sadra, Imam Khomeini etc. have also been put forward.

Two major sorts of knowledge is essential to the man soas to obtain the permanent prosperity: I. Having a correct and real attitude toward the universe.II. Recognizing his own position and status in the creation.The correct and real concept can be formed only through the holy verses of the Glorious Quran and the sacred sayings of our Holy Imams (P.). Hence knowing the man and the universe from these two original perspectives along with the other viewpoints such as the ethic and mystical Perspectives is the only major instrument of that real recognition.In this research, it has been tried to present the real and correct sources of recognizing the man, the universe, and his true holy situation.