International Journal of Cancer Management
Year:2014 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:11

Death is merely a link in the chain of life. This is the philosophy of biological sciences. Death is physiological and well programmed, yet it is at times induced and thus un-biological which is withdrawn out of life cycle. In biological sciences, the apoptosis is the natural process of death and life, and necrosis is the deviated cell death induced by risk factors and unacceptable intervention by human being and his environment with a comprehensive concept regarding biological, social, psychological and spiritual subjects. All of these risk factors can induce death in an unacceptable way and cause the death at a wrong time. Although this kind of death is sooner than expected, it could cause an un-programmed life as well.Regarding this kind of cell death, life continues with special features created by the philosophy of being, life style, environment and individual concept of life. Death does not and cannot destroy the totality of a cell; the remains will carry on to be the building blocks of the new cells, hence continuing life. This is a biological standpoint and means that life could be sustained for many years, centuries and even for millennia, provided that one could integrate self, others, nature and cosmos internally.To prolong this natural process, spiritual, psychological, social risk factors along with biological ones should be considered.Life and death are two concepts inseparably intermingled: when a cell is dying, for example in a traumatized patient with hemorrhagic shock, the cerebral and brain cells are the first sites which die in an un-programmed manner, though this irregularity occurs completely in a programmed manner which is a natural phenomenon. In birth, also, after oxygenation of circulating system, the other cells will start to accept the vital roles. Then organs will be responsible for their jobs and finally the birth is evident as an event. Death and birth, both are concurrent processes for life never to end but will continue in another way as a process, programmed or un-programmed.

Background: Cancer is usually accompanied by considerable stress for the sufferer, and the stress has destructive effects on Chemotherapy treatment process. Therefore, the current research deals with the effect of yoga laughter on the cancer patients’ stress before chemotherapy. Methods: In this research, as the first step, 37 cancer sufferers , who had been hospitalized in Shohada Tajrish Hospital (Behnam Daneshpoor Charity Organization) and had the requirements necessary for being taken as research samples, were selected for data collection. The mentioned patients were classified randomly in experimental and control groups. Collected data were analyzed by the multi-variable covariance analysis test. Results: The results show there is a meaningful difference in the stress average before and after interference in the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Laughter yoga can decrease the stress in cancer sufferers before chemotherapy.

Background: This study is conducted to compare the metacognition treatment and the mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment on life quality of women with breast cancer. Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, with pre-test, post-test and control group, 36 patients with diagnosis of breast cancer, among patients who referred to the Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy of Imam Hossein hospital in Tehran, were selected in accessible way and were assigned randomly to three experimental groups, the first group receiving meta-cognition treatment (n=12), the second one receiving mindfulness-based stress reduction program (n=12), and the other was the control group. Participants completed global life quality in cancer patient's questionnaire and specific quality of life in breast cancer patient's questionnaire in three stages: baseline, after intervention and two-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using the multivariate repeated measurement model. Results: Findings showed both treatments were effective in improving global and specific quality of life in patients with breast cancer. The mindfulness -based stress reduction treatment excelled in functions and roles, fatigue, pain, future perspective and treatment side effects symptoms at the end of the treatment and follow-up in comparison to the metacognition treatment. Conclusion: Results of this research showed the mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment can be effective in improving global and specific life quality of women with breast cancer and is a selective method for improving quality of life in patients.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors and is one of the cancer treatment strategies. Recently, interluekin36 (IL36) has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy. Present study investigated that the IL36 gene therapy effects on the regression of tumor masses in mouse model. Aim of this study is determination of the gene therapy effects by IL36 in the regression of tumor masses in mouse model.Methods: To study the therapeutic efficacy of this cytokine, WEHI-164 tumor cells were transected with mIL36 plasmids. ELISA test was used to check cytokine production by transected cells. To establish fibro sarcoma mouse model, Tumoral transfected cells were injected subcutaneously to inoculate tumor in BALB/C mice. Tumor volumes were measured by caliper. Mice were sacrificed and tumors were extracted. The expression of IL36 and IFN-γ was studied with Real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The expression of Ki-67 (a tumor proliferation marker) in tumor masses was studied by immunohistochemistry staining. In this study we had 2 groups which are treated with IL-36 and Untreated with IL-36 as a blank. Results: The group treated with IL36 indicated decrease of tumor mass volume (p<0.001). The results of western blotting and real-time PCR showed the IL36 expression increased in the group treated with IL36 (with relative expression of 1.9).Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that the Ki-67expression has been reduced in the group interfered with IL36. IL36 gene therapy has therapeutic effects on the regression of tumor masses in fibro sarcoma mouse model.

Background: Prostate cancer, a serious genetic disease, has known as the first widespread cancer in men, but the molecular changes required for the cancer progression has not fully understood. Availability of high-throughput gene expression data has led to the development of various computational methods, for identification of the critical genes, have involved in the cancer. Methods: In this paper, we have shown the construction of co-expression networks, which have been using Y-chromosome genes, provided an alternative strategy for detecting of new candidate, might involve in prostate cancer. In our approach, we have constructed independent co-expression networks from normal and cancerous stages have been using a reverse engineering approach. Then we have highlighted crucial Y chromosome genes involved in the prostate cancer, by analyzing networks, based on party and date hubs. Results: Our results have led to the detection of 19 critical genes, related to prostate cancer, which 12 of them have previously shown to be involved in this cancer. Also, essential Y chromosome genes have searched based on reconstruction of sub-networks which have led to the identification of 4 experimentally established as well as 4 new Y chromosome genes might be linked putatively to prostate cancer. Conclusion: Correct inference of master genes, which mediate molecular, has changed during cancer progression would be one of the major challenges in cancer genomics. In this paper, we have shown the role of Y chromosome genes in finding of the prostate cancer susceptibility genes. Application of our approach to the prostate cancer has led to the establishment of the previous knowledge about this cancer as well as prediction of other new genes.

Background: To prevent and control the cancers in Iran, the Iranian Department of Health has released the cancer rates data of the country. As the report has suggested, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer would be the most rapidly increasing among all the cancers. The study has aimed to carry out a qualitative assessment of thyroid cancer in Iran, during the 2004 to 2009, in a cross-sectional setting. Methods: The incidence rates, the trend of individual provinces, the mean age at which the disease occurred, the correlation between incidence rate and median urinary iodine concentration were the parameters evaluated in our study. Results: The average annual incidence rate during these six years was 2.17 per 100000. Chaharmahal-o-bakhtiari, had the highest incidence rate, but the East Azerbaijan provinces had the lowest incidence rates respectively. The age of diagnosis was the lowest in Ardebil but the highest in West Azerbaijan. In our study, we have found the positive correlation between thyroid cancer incidences with low urinary iodine concentration among all provinces (p-value=0.025). Conclusion: Presently, the only recognized measure procedure for reducing thyroid cancer risk would be perhaps the correction of median urinary iodine concentration. Further researches have seemed to be required for investigation the other factors, in order to introduce preventive measures in Iran.

Background: Primary Gastric Lymphoma (PGL) is an uncommon malignancy with various histological subtypes and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prognostic factors and clinicopathological characteristics of Iranian patients with PGL. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of 60 patients with PGL were retrospectively reviewed from 2001 to 2012. The patients underwent various combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. We evaluated multiple potential prognostic factors and their associations with patient survival rate. Results: According to the results, Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) were two predominant histological subtypes. The majority of cases were diagnosed with stage I tumor in the distal part of the stomach. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 60% and 70%, respectively. It was revealed that poor World Health Organization (WHO) performance status, presence of B symptoms, and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score³3 were significantly associated with decreased patient survival. Conclusion: Most of the patients with PGL in early stage have a favorable prognosis.

Background: Although the incidence of cervical cancer has reduced during last years, but it causes mortality among women. Many efforts have performed to develop new drugs and strategy for treatment of cervical cancer. Adipose Tissue-Derived mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) has many advantages which make them a suitable choice as a cell therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop an improved protocol for Mouse MSCs transduction as well as assess the homing capacity and incorporation of MSCs in cervical cancer model.Methods: MScs were isolated from the mouse adipose tissue and characterized by differentiation and flow cytometry. In our study, lentiviral vector transductions of MSCs performed. Their penetrations were detected in tissue sections after injection of transduced MSCs to female C57BL/6 mice as a cervical cancer model.Results: Results showed that MSCs were efficiently transduced with lentiviral vector resulting in efficient tumor penetration.Conclusion: The results provide evidence that MSCs were able to penetrate into the tumor mass of cervical tumor model and are good vehicles for gene transfer to cervical cancer.

Background: Stage is one of the most important prognostic factors for the cancer diagnosis, including the breast cancer. Studies have found that the rate of breast cancer late-stage diagnosis, among the women with lower socioeconomic status, is more than the others. The aim of this study was investigation the relationship between family levels of socioeconomic status and stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study has conducted on 526 patients who have suffered from breast cancer, and have registered in Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti university of Medical science, from March 2008 till December 2013. A reliable and valid questionnaire about family status of socioeconomic status, have filled by interviewing the patients via phone. For analyzing the data, Multinomial logistic regression, Kendal tau-b correlation coefficient and Contingency Coefficient tests have executed by SPSS 19. Results: The results have indicated that the mean age of the patients was 48.30 (SD=11.41). There was a significant relationship between stage at diagnosis of breast cancer and family levels of socioeconomic status at the time of diagnosis (p=0.024). Also, the relationship between stage at diagnosis and living place (in or out of Tehran) was significant (p=0.044). In the Multiple logistic regressions, these associations were significant. There wasn’t any significant relationship between stage of diagnosis of breast cancer and age, marital status and family history. Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, deep paying attention to the family socioeconomic status as an important variable in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer, among Iranian women, was too important, and then providing the prevention plans related to this topic has seemed necessary.

Paratesticular sarcomas have happened rarely. Due to the infrequency of this malignant disease and its diverse histopathologic subtypes, no standard treatment would be available. Multiple treatments have reported in literature with different results. We have reported a 55 years old man with a 30 years history of paratesticular mass. After multiple operations, radical orchiectomy has revealed liposarcoma. The patient has been receiving 50 Gy radiation to the scrotum and inguinal area. After 18 months follow up, the patient was well and disease free. He has shown good response to surgery and radiotherapy, so we have reported the disease and its clinical course.

Inflammatory pseudotumour describes as a wide range of neoplastic and reactive lesions. One of the rare presentations of these tumors is found in the salpinx. This case report characterizes a thirty six year old woman with a history of left sided abdominal pain for a few months. Further examinations revealed that she had a complex cyst in her left salpinx. The patient had normal levels of tumor markers such as CA125, Alfa Fetoprotein (AFP), and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), while other paraclinical test were in normal values Additionaly The patient underwent left salpingectomy by a gynecologist. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). In immunohistochemistry the tumor stains was moderately positive in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and also actin positive. Total resection of tumor was performed with no complications and remained disease free during follow up for 40 months. Although Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is benign in nature, but in order to improve the prognosis, this tumor requires low intensity surgical treatment.