Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:25 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is a non-fermentative gram-negative coccobacill that is prevalent in intensive care units. Carbapenem resistant A.baumannii isolates have been reported worldwide. Oxasillinase beta-lactamase enzymes are involved in bacterial resistance to carbapenem. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 genes in A. baumannii isolated from tube discharge specimens of hospitalized patients in the intensive care units of the hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, in 2015.Methods: A total of 40 isolates of A. baumannii were collected from the patients admitted to the intensive care units of the hospitals in Isfahan in 2015, they were identified by biochemical methods and detection of blaOXA-51 like gene. Antibiotic resistance pattern and minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem were determined using disk diffusion and E-test methods respectively according to CLSI2015 protocol. blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 genes were detected by PCR method. Data were analyzed by SPSS (v.16) software and chi-square tests.Results: All isolates were found resistant to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, meropenem and imipenem and the lowest resistance were seen against colistin (0%) and tigecycline (10%), respectively. All isolates were resistant to imipenem using Etest method with MIC³32 mg / ml. blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 genes were detected in 87.5% and 25% of isolates, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the results, treatment of A. baumannii isolates by carbapenems is ineffective and tigecycline or colistin could be used for treatment. Other studies for detection of other mechanisms for carbapenem resistance are recommended.

Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a kind of developmental enamel defect with multifactorial etiology that causes different dental complication. So, many studies have been done on this subject. The aim of this study was the evaluation of relationship between Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) with body mass index (BMI) and dental caries index (DMFT) in 7-11 year old children in Yazd City.Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, 645 children between 7 to 11 years old in Yazd City were selected via randomized cluster sampling and were examined in the schools. EAPD and mDDE criteria were used for detection of MIH and the extension in teeth. Body mass index and permanent dental caries were evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.40 children were examined for BMI and dental caries as an unaffected group. The mean value was analyzed with Mann Whitney test and the result was significant (P<0.05).Results: Out of 645 children, 154 were affected by MIH, 16 children (10.38%) were underweight, 13 children (8.44%) were overweight, 3 children (1.94%) were obese and 122 children (79.22%) had normal weight. BMI in the affected group and control group were 16.01 and 15.76, respectively. The difference of BMI between MIH group and control was not statistically significant (P=0.81). DMFT in children with MIH was 2.09 and in the control group was 1.1, respectively that means in affected group there was a statistical difference than the control group (P=0.001).Conclusions: Children who suffering from MIH often have normal BMI and they have more decay in their permanent teeth.

Introduction: Obesity causes accumulation of proinflammatory factors in adipose tissue and it is regarded as a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity and reduces fat accumulation and proinflammatory factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance exercise on resistin gene expression as one of the proinfammatory agents in visceral adipose tissues in diet-induced obese male rats.Methods: In an experimental study, 20 Wistar male rats divided into 3 groups: control (standard diet), fat (high-fat diet) and endurance exercise groups (high-fat diet and endurance exercise). Endurance training protocol included 60 minutes exercise per day using an animal treadmill at a speed of 22 meters per minute with 70% of VO2 max, 5 days a week, and for 8 weeks. Changes in body weights of rats were measured and the resistin gene expression in tissue samples analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: High-fat diet increased significantly the weight of rats in the fat group (P<0.01). Resistin gene expression in visceral adipose tissues of rats in the fat group increased 2 times in comparison to those of the control group, but this increase was not statistically significant. Endurance exercise reduced resistin gene expression about 4 times in comparison to those of the fat group, but this reduction was not statistically significant, too.Conclusion: It can be concluded that obesity could increase and endurance training could reduce the resistin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue in rats. Although the present study suggests the beneficial effects of exercise, more studies are needed in this field.

Introduction: Adipose tissue as a gland, secreting hormones, including Vaspsin that are associated with metabolic disorders.The aim of of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 week resistance exercise on plasma levels of vaspin and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive elderly women.Methods: 30 hypertensive elderly women were randomly divided into two groups: the control and experimental groups. The training program, included resistance exercises, which were conducted increasingly for 12 weeks. Blood samples from all subjects after 12 weeks and were analyzed using t-test.Results: After 12 weeks of resistance exercise, no significant differences in the serum levels of vaspin was seen in the experimental group (p=0.25), but in the control group, significant Increase in the serum levels vaspin was observed (p=0.03); also, significant decreases were seen in both systolic (p=0.04) and diastolic BP (p=0.002 in the experimental group but in the control group, no significant changes were obtained in systolic BP (p=0.24) and diastolic BP (p=0.43), respectively.Conclusion: 12 weeks of resistance exercise can prevent increasing trend of vaspin serum levels and even reduce its levels Considering the reduction in systolic and diastolic BP following 12 weeks of resistance training, it can be indicated that the changes in BP are independent of changes is vaspin levels.

Introduction: On the basis of research and clinical observations, obsessive –compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive –compulsive symptoms (OCS) occur in a considerably high proportion of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. According to the results of different epidemiological studies, investigators suggest schizo-obsessive subtype. The aim of the study was to evaluate diagnostic validity of schizo-obsessive subtype by determining the prevalence of OCD / OCS in the patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and its relation to some of clinical characteristics of these patients.Methods: A total of 91 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder were assessed via the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition (DSM-V) using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2 and independent t-test.Results: Results showed that the prevalence of OCS in this study was 47.17% and the prevalence of OCD was 18.66%. Obsessive compulsive contamination had the highest prevalence in this sample. Compared with psychotic patients without OCD/OCS, the patients with OCD/COS had earlier onset of psychosis, higher numbers of hospitalizations and higher numbers of drugs and suicide attempts. Also, the prevalence of OCD/OCS in the patients with first-episode psychosis was 15.62%.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that schizo-obsessive subtype has diagnostic validity. To confirm this hypothesis, i t is necessary that longitudinal studies are planned from early stages of psychosis to long-term consequences.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders and most important cause of anovulation. High levels of inflammatory cytokines cause deterioration of polycystic ovary syndrome. Glycyrrhizic acid is the most important saponins from licorice. Considering the hypoandrogenic and antioxidant properties of licorice, aim of this study was to determine the effect of glycyrrhizic acid on gonadotropins, estradiol, testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model.Methods: In this experimental study, 32 wistar female rats were divided into 4 equal groups of control (saline solution, 24 days, ip), PCOS control (saline solution, 24 days, ip) and two PCOS groups under treatment with glycyrrhizic (25 and 50 mg/kg, 24 days, ip). Polycystic ovarian syndrome was induced by single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg). At the end of treatment period, serum levels of TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, LH, FSH, estradiol and testosterone were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey statistical tests (p<0.05).Results: Compared to the PCOS control group, serum levels of LH, estradiol, testosterone, TNF-a, IL-1β and IL-6 in treated groups with 25 and 50 mg / kg glycyrrhizic acid dose-dependent significantly decreased. Also, serum level of FSH dose-dependent significantly increased (p<0.05).Conclusion: Glycyrrhizic Acid by decreases serum levels of inflammatory cytokines has favorable effect on improving hormonal parameters in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Presence of external root resorption in second molars associated with impacted mandibular third molars was not rare. The neglect of this issue may leads to penetration of the pulp and loss of the second molars. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors affecting the external root resorption in second molars associated with mandibular impacted third molars were inclined mesially and horizontally by Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) images.Methods: In this cross sectional study the samples consisted of 231 scans with mesially and horizontally impacted mandibular third molars. Incidence of external root resorption of second molars and the effects of age, gender and clinical parameters such as location and intensity of external root resorption were considered. Moreover, depth and inclination of impacted mandibular third molar were evaluated by CBCT. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results: The overall incidence of external root resorption in the second molars was 22.08%. Incidence of external root resorption in second molars was significantly related to gender and inclination of third molar. The relations between external root resorption and impaction depth of third molar or the patient's age was not statistically significant. However, the relationship between external root resorption and the intensity or depth of impacted third molar and location of root resorption was statistically meaningful.Conclusion: Patient’s gender and horizontal inclination of third molars are the most important factors affecting the presence of external root resorption in the second molars associated with mesially and horizontally impacted mandibular third molars.

Background: Intraperitoneal foreign body is an unusual complication of abdomino pelvic surgery. In rare condition introduction of foreign body into the uterus, may be perforated and migrated to the adjacent organs.Case Presentation: A 41-year old woman with chronic abdominal pain was referred to the Imaging Center for doing Computed Tomography (CT) scan. A computed tomography of abdominopelvic demonstrated foley catheter in the pelvis with abscess. The patients have not had any abdominopelvic surgery. She had undergone criminal abortion by home midwife with the use of foley catheter 6 years ago. Laparatomy was done, foley catheter removed and abscess was evacuated.Conclusion: The abdominopelvic foreign body is a rare condition in non operativepatients, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of abscess formation that was detected in patients with a history of chronic abdominal pain.