Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2014 | Volume:22 | Issue:4|Papers Count:22

Introduction: Measurement of central venous pressure can be regarded as a beneficial guide in order to assess a patient's hemodynamic status, specifically in patient with sever sepsis and septic shock, for whom a central venous pressure of less than 8mmhg is considered as an indicator for aggressive intravenous fluid replacement. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ultrasonographic examination of the inferior vena cava as well caval index in order to estimate low CVP.Methods: This prospective study was performed on 70 patients admitted in ICU of Shahid Bahonar hospital of Kerman who were all reported to utilize central venous catheter. IVC diameter was measured via applying bedside ultrasonography, first at end of inhalation and, second at the end of exhalation. Caval index, indicating the relative decrease in IVC diameter from inhalation to exhalation, was measured via utilizing CVP monitoring.Results: The study results indicated a positive correlation between inspiratory and expiratory IVC diameter and CVP measurement. The sensitivity of caval index of greater that 50% to predict a low CVP (8mmhg) was reported 94% and it demonstrated the specificity of 97%, as well. Conclusion: As CVP monitoring is an invasive process, in emergency, ultrasonography can be utilized as an accurate tool to determine low CVP as well as the need for aggressive fluid replacement.

Introduction: Recently, Er:YAG laser has been used for tooth preparations and silorane-based composites have been introduced to dentistry, though investigating this type of composites has received scant attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of silorane- based composite (Filtek P90 3M/USA) to enamel sufaces, prepared by Er:YAG laser irradiation versus bur cut.Methods:Same sized cavities were prepared by ER:YAG laser and bur on the enamel of 20 extracted teeth which were randomly divided into 4 groups:E1 laser + acid etching, E2: laser, E3: bur + acid etching, E4: bur. Then primer, adhesive and P60 resin composite were utilized according to the manufacturer instructions. After thermocycling, 20 samples were created in the form of an hour glass model with 1 mm2 slices in each group, and were tested by SD Mechatronic MTD 500 (Germany) machine with cross head speed of 1mm/min to create the fracture. The failure mode was assessed under stereomicroscope (ZTX-3E, Zhejiang/China), and the study data were analysed by ANOVA test. Results: The study results revealed that highest and lowest microtensile bond strength belonged to E3 and E2 group respectively. No significant differences were observed between the tested groups(p= 0.213). Highest and lowest modes of failure were adhesive and cohesive respectively. ANOVA results did not demonstrate any significant differences between groups(p=0.845).Conclusion: Laser-prepared or bur-prepared cavities with or without etching and silorane based composite could not significantly affect MTBS in order to enamel.

Introduction: The effects of injuries in peripheral nervous system returns to the cell body of neurons in central nervous system in a retrograde manner which leads to brain and spinal degeneration. It is probable that Achillea biebersteinii might prevent the injury progress. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of alcholic extract of Achillea biebersteinii leaves on spinal α motoneurons degenarion after sciatic nerve compression in rats.Methods: 30 male wistar rats were divided randomly into groups of control, compression, compression with treatment of 50, 75, 100 mg/kg doses. Sciatic nerve was exposed to compression for 60 s using locker pincers. Extract injection was done intraperitoneally in the first and second weeks after compression. Then 28 days after compression under perfusion method, the lumber spinal cord was sampled. After cutting and coloring, the density of motoneurons was measured using dissector methods. Results: The study results demonstrated a meaningful difference between compression and control groups in regard with neuronal density (P=0.000). Neuronal density showed also a significant meaningful increase (P<0.01) in alcoholic extract treatment groups of 50, 75, 100 mg/kg compared to the compression group.Conclusion: The study findings revealed that Alcohlic extracts of Achillea biebersteinii leaves, containing growth and regeneration factors, has neuroprotective effect on spinal cord alpha motoneurons after injury. The extract with 75mg/kg dose was reported as the most effective one.

Introduction: In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, providing oocytes maturation out of normal conditions, is an appropriate infertility treatment system, though the clinical use of IVM is limited due to low rate of success. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the effect of fibroblast growth factor on in vitro maturation of immature oocytes.Methods: Immature oocytes of 20 female mice of NMRI strain aged 8-10 weeks were obtained 46-48 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 10 units of Pregnant Mare`s Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG). The oocytes were treated within Modified Essential Medium (MEM-α) supplemented with 0 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml doses of fibroblast growth factor respectively. After 24 hours, Oocyte maturation stage was scrutinized by an invert microscope and its growth rate was analyzed via SPSS software utilizing ANOVA test.Results: The resumption percentage of meiosis was reported as 23 in the first control group, while it was 25.7, 26.2, 27.3 % respectively for the second, third and fourth experimental groups; thus, no significant differences was observed among control groups and experimental groups. Yet in vitro maturation of the control group, a significant difference was observed compared to those of the second and third experimental groups (p<0.01). In fact, the rate of vitro metaphase matured oocytes were reported as 45, 60.8, 62.6 and 45.2 % respectively in the control group and the second, third, and fourth experimental groups. Conclusion: The obtained results of study illustrated that 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml concentrations of fibroblast growth factor have a major impact on resumption of meiosis, nucleus break down and extrusion of the first polar body, whereas the effect of 40 mg/ml concentration on improvement of oocyte maturation was trivial.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory properties and own extensive potentials to proliferate and differentiate into different cell lineages. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of supernatant of rat MSCs on the neutrophils viability. Methods: MSCs was isolated from femoral and tibial bone marrow of rat (6-8 weeks) and was cultured in DMEM. After maturation of MSCs, its supernatant was incubated with neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood of rat at 37oC for 1 h. Neutrophil survival was measured at 6 and 24 h incubation with supernatant of MSCs by flow cytometric analysis using An/PI. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (P˂0.05).Results: 6-hour incubation of neutrophils with supernatant of MSCs significantly increased the healthy cells percentage and significantly decreased the amount of necrosis (P˂0.05), but no significant decrease was observed in regard with apoptosis compared to the controls (P˃0.05). The 24-hour incubation of neutrophils with cell supernatant significantly increased the percentage of healthy cells and apoptosis was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P˂0.05). Moreover, a reduction in cell necrosis was not significant in the treated groups compared to the control (P˃0.05). Conclusions: In addition to the clinical importance of MSCs, their biological aspects are of great potential for cell therapy, such as self-renewal, proliferation and immune modulatory effects.

Introduction: Metal ions are required for various vital body functions and metabolism. Selenium is an active element in selenoproteins and plays an important role in public health, though the increase of its concentration in the body can cause toxicity. Therefore, it seems essential to investigate the serum selenium status of individuals of a society. This study was conducted to determine serum level of selenium in healthy young couples.Methods: This descriptive study was done on 60 young couples who were chosen in 2013 via convenience sampling. The participants' general health was determined using a GHQ28 questionnaire and their serum selenium concentration was measured by furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS software utilizing descriptive statistics.Results: The participants' mean age was 23.18 ± 4.31 years. The 44.6% of subjects had university degrees, 35.7% were reported to have diploma and 19.6% were under diploma. The mean serum selenium level was obtained as 89.1 ± 24.2 mg/l in males, and 80.5 ± 20.7 mg/l in females. The data analysis revealed a statistically significant difference of the serum selenium at the 95% confidence level in regard with participants' gender and education level.Conclusion: The present study showed that the mean serum selenium of participants lay in the lower part of its normal range. Regarding the role of selenium in human health and prevention of disease, nutrition education is recommended for taking selenium-rich foods to enhance community health and to prevent disease progression.

Introduction: Nowadays, the treatments of infectious disease are regarded difficult due to increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria, which the reason may be placing of microorganisms in a structure named biofilm. Biofilms are complex structures consisting of surface-attached bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to find new compounds in order to remove and inhibit biofilms. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial activities of alcoholic extracts of Centaurea cyanus on the biofilm structures and planktonic form of six pathogen bacteria(Staphylococcusaureus, Bacilluscereus, Streptococcuspneumoniae, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Escherichiacoli and Klebsiellapneumonia). Methods: Antimicrobial activities of the alcoholic plant extracts against the planktonic form of bacteria were assessed via using the disc diffusion method. MIC and MBC values were determined by a macrobroth dilution technique and anti-biofilm effects were scrutinized by microtiter plate method.Results: The results of this study confirmed high ability of C.cyanus extracts against the biofilm of the tested bacteria as well as their free-living forms. To inhibit bacterial growth, ethanolic extracts proved to be more effective than methanolic extracts. Anti-biofilm effects of plant extracts were associated with the solvent type and extract concentration. C.cyanus extracts were reported to be most efficient to inhibit biofilm formation of E. coli (84.26%) and S. pneumoniae(83.14%). The greatest eradication of biofilm structures were observed on S. pneumonia biofilm (75.66%), and the highest decrease in metabolic activity was reported in S.aureus biofilms (71.85%).Conclusion: In this study the high capacity of C. cyanus extracts to encounter with whit biofilm was emphasized. Moreover, it was demonstrated that these extracts possess an appropriate potential to become active principles of new drugs.

Introduction: Determining working length is regarded as an important step in root canal treatment, for which electronic apex locator can be applied. New apex locators are preferred, since they work via applying alternating current. Furthermore, the two factors of dentin specific resistance and capacitance seem to be effective principles in their operating. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the dentin capacitance in young and old teeth.Methods: In order to glean the study data, 60 human permanent teeth were collected consisting of 30 permanent teeth under twenty-five years and 30 permanent teeth over sixty year. The sixty samples of same dimensions were prepared from mid levels of the teeth roots. The capacitance circuit rates created in three frequencies of 100 HZ, 1KHZ and 10KHZ were measured. Moreover, in order to analyze the study data, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized.Results: The mean value of capacitance circuit teeth under twenty five years and over sixty years respectively involved 60 and 137 in 100HZ, 2.5 and 9.5 in 1KHZ and 0.05 and 0.3 in 10KHZ, which this difference was proved to be statistically significant (P Value =0.000) Conclusion: The study findings revealed a different capacitance between young and old teeth. Regarding the influence of this factor in the operating principle of apex locators, calibrate the device may be necessitated while applying it in young and old teeth.

Introduction: vitamin K2 involves one of the vitamin K derivatives which is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. A great number of studies have demonstrated the presence of high concentration of vitamin K2 as well as its important functions in the brain. Vitamin K2 is capable to inhibit many inflammatory mediators in different diseases. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the effect of vitamin K2 at the level of spinal cord in inflammatory paw edema induced by formalin. Methods: In this research study, male Wistar rats (200-250g), except those of the control group, after recovery from cannulation surgery for intrathecal administration (i.t.), were classified into four groups including sham (DMSO), 2mg/10ml vitamin K2, 10mg/10ml vitamin K2 and 20mg/10ml vitamin K2. In each group, inflammatory edema volume caused by sub plantar injection of formalin (0.05 ml, 2.5%) was measured after one hour using plethysmometric method.Results: The study results indicated that I.t injection of vitamin K2 reduced formalin induced inflammatory paw edema significantly (P<0.01). In addition, in comparison with the other concentrations, the lowest concentration of vitamin K2 (2mg/10ml) demonstrated the highest decrease in inflammatory paw edema volume induced by formalin (P<0.05).Conclusion: Vitamin K2 can reduce the edema volume induced by formalin, probably by diminishing as well as inhibiting the activity of COX and synthesis of prostaglandins. Moreover, this effect on edema can be exerted via reducing free radicals such as ROS and NO followed by decreasing the release of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord and thus in the peripheral.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the Effect of topical tetracycline gel application with non surgical periodontal therapy on HbA1c and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: A total of 30 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received scaling and root planning, whereas the second group received scaling and root planning with topically applied tetracycline gel. Clinical factors such as GI, PI, PPD and biochemical factors such as HbA1c and lipid profile were assessed in beginning of study and 3 months later.Results: Comparing the clinical factors between the two groups revealed that periodontal pocket depth significantly reduced in tetracycline-received group. Regarding the biochemical factors, triglyceride levels decreased significantly in tetracycline-received group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in regard with other clinical and biochemical factors.Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated that clinical and biochemical parameters have been improved after non surgical periodontal treatment in both groups. Although it seems that application of topical tetracycline gel combined with non-surgical periodontal therapy is effective in improvement of some clinical and biochemical factors like PPD and TG, it doesn’t offer any superiority in regard with other factors compared to mere non surgical periodontal therapy.

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia in opium-addicted patients can be associated with many complications. Hence, this study aimed to investigate sensory and motor block characteristics, duration of postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic and side effects by adding Fentanyl to bupivacaine in spinal Anesthesia of opium-addicted patients.Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 American society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I and II opium-addicted patients under spinal anesthesia in lower abdominal and lower limb operations were randomly classified into two groups of spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl. Clinical symptoms, side effects, the duration of sensory and motor block, initiation of analgesia requirement and sensory block were assessed.Results: The study results indicated no significant difference between bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl groups in regard with demographic, side effects, blood pressure and heart rate, though a significant difference was observed in respiratory rate 5min, 10min, 45min, 75min and 90 min after block. Duration of sensory (100.33 to 138.83) and motor block (93.43 to 107.66) and , initiation of analgesia requirement (165.33 to 187.76) was significantly longer in bupivacaine-fentanyl, though initiation of sensory block (8.83 to 4.93) was significantly longer in bupivacaine. Conclusion: Addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia increases the duration of sensory and motor block and initiation of analgesia requirement in opium-addicted patients and also decreases initiation of sensory block in these patients.

Introduction: Vitamin E as a strong antioxidant plays an important role in inhibiting free radicals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the viability, morphology and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of an adult rat.Methods: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted using the flashing-out method. At the end of the third passage, cells were divided into groups of control and experimental. Experimental cells were treated withVitamin E (5,10,15,25,50,100,150μM) for a period of 21 days in the osteogenic media containing 10% of fetal bovine serum. The cell viability, bone matrix mineralization, intercellular and extracellular calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of genes and synthesis of proteins of osteopontin and osteocalcin as well as morphological changes of the cells were investigated. The study data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and T-Test setting the significant P value at P<0.05. Results: Within vitamin- E treated cells, the mean viability, mean bone matrix mineralization, calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression and synthesis of osteopontin and osteocalcin of the mesenchymal stem cells treated with vitamin E significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. Also cytoplasm extensions were observed in the cells treated with vitamin E. Conclusion: Since vitamin E caused a significant increase in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in the mesenchymal stem cells, therefore it can be utilized in order to increase cell differentiation and cell survival.

Introduction: Helicobacter Pylori has a major documented role in gastric and duodenal ulcer. It is assumed that dental plaque might be a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find a possible relationship between presence of H. Pylori in dental plaque, gastritis and periodontitis.Methods: Sixty patients with symptoms of gastritis and periodontitis participated in our study in whom the presence of Helicobacter Pylori was confirmed in both stool test and dental plaque. They were randomly divided into two groups of case and control. Patients in both groups were treated for Helicobacter infection. Patients in case group were also simultaneously treated for periodontitis. After bacterial eradication was confirmed, within six months, patients were asked for recurrent symptoms of dyspepsia every two months. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze data considering a significance level of 0.05.Results: One patient (3.4%) in control group was reported to reveal signs of recurrence in 2-month follow up period. No sign of recurrence was reported in case group. Three patients (10.3%) in control group and two patients (6.7%) in case group were reported to have signs of recurrence in 4-month follow up period. After six months, signs of recurrence was reported by eleven patients (37.9%) in control and five (16.7%) in case group. The difference was not statistically significant in any of the study periods.Conclusion: The study findings revealed that Periodontal treatment has no effect on recurrence of dyspeptic symptoms caused by Helicobacter.

Introduction: In spite of increasing usage of metal nanoparticles, few studies have been conducted on their side effects, particularly under in-vivo conditions. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPS) on the liver and kidney function of rats in vivo.Methods: Concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ppm of MgONPS (10-15 nm size) were intraperitoneally injected into rats, and then the liver and kidney function were investigated. Results: The study results revealed that MgONPS caused different changes in liver enzymes. In fact, the AST and ALP values were significantly increased compared with the control group, whereas the levels of ALT, Urea and Creatinine did not demonstrate any significant differences. In addition, no histological disorders were observed in the kidney tissue, in contrary to liver tissue in which some alternations were observed such as apoptosis and proliferation of small bile ductules indicating damage of tissue in expose of high doses of MgONPS.Conclusions: The study findings indicated that magnesium oxide nanoparticles in higher doses of 250 ppm can have toxic effects on the liver, therefore their toxicity should be considered, while applying them in different fields of industries.

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. It has several histologic subtypes, among which papillary squamous cell carcinoma (pscc) is a rare one, specifically in upper aerodigestive tract. It was first introduced in 1990, which proved to have poor prognosis. In this study, a 72-year old female was introduced with ethmoidal PSCC, right ptosis and proptosis from 2 years ago.