SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2023 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies and consequences of the entry of athletes into the world of politics.Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively with a thematic analysis approach. Participants in the interview were selected through purposive sampling (12 people). The interviewees consisted of all experts with scientific background (professors of sports management), executive (managers and sports experts) and sports (professional athletes with a history of political activity).Results: In the strategies section, 43 sub-categories were obtained, which were included in the 9 main categories of media strategies, legislation, structure, manpower, planning, evaluation, culture and information, communication and encouragement. In the consequences section, 29 sub-categories were obtained, which were classified into 6 main categories: individual, organizational, social, political, sports and negative consequences.Conclusion: Relevant athletes and managers can benefit from the results of this research for successful entry of athletes into the world of politics.

Objective: To identify the effective factors in sustainable participation in student sport with a compound technique of various types of study methods.Methodology: Based on a three-step encoding in MAXQDA software, these factors were analyzed and into 7 categories and 39 axial codes. The Kappa method was used to measure the reliability and quality control of the present study. The coefficient of Kappa calculated by SPSS software is 940, which is located at the level of excellent agreementResults: The effective factors in sustainable participation in student sports include; the element of the ad, public relations, verification, propaganda, subculture, social class, and behavioral norms and norms.Conclusion: Student sports participation requires people who are active in this. Therefore, people should be attracted to both planning and elite student sports policies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to Relationship between time preferences and risk preferences with behavioral changes in participation in sports and physical activitiesMethodology: The method used in the present study has been a generalized sequential logit model and the maximum straightening method has been used to estimate the coefficients of the parameters of this pattern. The required information has been collected in the form of a questionnaire, that the process of distribution and collection has been through two methods of distribution with the help of cyberspace and face to face. The sample size was calculated based on the estimation obtained from Cochran's formula and finally 373 questionnaires were used as the basis for statistical analysis. STATA(16) software has been used for statistical analysis of variables and estimation of Logit pattern parameters.Results: The results showed that the economic components of risk preference and time preference have an effect on changing people's behavior to participate in physical activity and with increasing risk and time preference for individuals, increases the likelihood of their presence at higher levels of behavior change (from the Pre-contemplation stage to maintenance).Conclusion: In general, the present study and its findings can provide a new perspective and approach custodians of the development of physical activities in society to use new tools (components of behavioral economics) to achieve their goals to expand and promote physical activity and achieve health goals in the community.

Objective: The overall purpose of the present study is to estimate the economic value of Tehran Esteghlal Football Club based on the amount of fan support in Iran.Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytic one that is a part of applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population, Esteghlal's club supporters across Iran, and the sample size were 393 according to the table of Michel and Carson. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to determine the willingness to pay fans of Tehran Independence Football Club nationwide for the goods and benefits produced by the club and the factors affecting their willingness to pay. Ranked probit model was used for data analysis.Results: The results show that 85.3% of the fans are willing to participate in the funding for the presence of the independence team at competitive levels and the tendency of paying for the football club to attend and win the Premier League is 77.2% and 79.2%, respectively, Cup championship and AFC Champions League matches were 78.2 percent and 84 percent, respectively, Tickets for the Independence Football Stadium from 93.9% stadium viewing and the club's product purchases are 43.1 percentConclusion: The willingness to pay has shown that the presence of the Independent Football Team in Iran's highly competitive sports has had a positive effect on their well-being, with supporters wanting to support their favorite team.

Objective: The purpose of conducting this study was to estimate pricesof Iranian professional football league players.Methodology: The research method was mixed exploratory designs, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included managers, club coaches and experts who were familiar with the field of buying and selling players, and fourteen of them were selected by snowball method until they reached saturation point. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included all the football players present in the Iranian Persian Gulf Football Professional League during 2016-2019. The research tool of qualitative method included in-depth interviews, the reliability of which was calculated 81% through re-test method. The data needed to analyze quantitative methods were also collected from valid sites and the Iranian Football League Organization. The model was also designed through radial neural networks using software R.Results: The study results of the qualitative section showed that the player's performance, personal characteristics and abilities, club characteristics and bubble-creating factors are effective on determining the price of football players. Also, in the quantitative section, a model with two hidden layers was designed, which had the least error rate in predicting the price of players.Conclusion: In general, the design of this model will make the officials of buying and selling of football clubs aware so that they can attract talented and cost-effective players with the minimum cost and high level of reliability.

Objective: The purpose of this study was Nepotism in sports organizations based on grounded theory. Methodology: The current research is qualitative and its design is exploratory. The statistical population was university professors, presidents and vice presidents, experts, athletes, veterans, sports experts and coaches of four wrestling, karate, liver and rowing federations. The sample size was 21 people. The measurement tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview with experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. All analyzes were performed using SPSS 19 and MaxQda version 18 software. Results: The findings of the study showed that the Favoritism in the sporting organizations of the country consists of 117 open codes, which are divided into six main categories: causal, causative conditions (networking, individual factors, organizational factors and promotion of social image), pivotal (disregarding collective interests), Employee attachment and employee interest), Subjective (cultural and social factors, structural weaknesses, regulatory and regulatory weaknesses), interventionist (political and civil factors, internal and external pressures, and expectations of relatives and friends), Strategies (organizational reform, organizational culture reform, oversight and transparency strategies as strategies for controlling, managing and responding) and Consequences (growth of organizational performance, improve the economic situation and make appropriate decisions in the organization) takes place. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order to prevent party games in sports organizations, we should focus on the categories extracted from this research. And by identifying these factors, basic steps can be taken to reduce partisanship and nepotism.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion, technological creativity and the commercialization of sports science research.Methodology: The present study is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of postgraduate students of sports science who were studying in Tehran universities during the years 1398-1397; based on Morgan’s Table, 385 students were selected randomly. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by the opinions of Sport Management professors and experts, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability.   Results: The results obtained from SMART PLS 3 showed that entrepreneurial passion (along with its five dimensions) and technological creativity each had a direct and significant relationship with the commercialization perception of students' research achievements. At the same time, entrepreneurial passion was recognized as the driving force behind technological creativity.Conclusion: Sport science students need to establish a balance between scientific and business goals and for moving on the path to commercialization, use their strong positive emotions and Identity Makers to transform their ideas (knowledge) into innovative phenomena.

Objective: The purpose of this research was Presentation of structural equation model to explain the professionalization process in Iranian sports federations.Methodology: Present study in terms of purpose was applied and descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of this study includes managers of sports federations, coaches, athletes, and referees. The statistical sample was estimated to be 10 to 20 times the dimensions drawn in the conceptual model based on a sufficient number of models for modeling in PLS software (n=160). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data also formal validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts (12 people). Its reliability was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha test (0.91) and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling was used in PLS3-SPSS24 software for analyze data and investigating fit of model.Results: Results indicated that effect of causal and contextual and interventionist conditions on professionalization of sports federations (0.37), (0.19), (0.74) were significant. Also, contextual and interventionist conditions on strategies (0.28), (0.24). Finally, the results showed that the effect of professionalization on strategies (0.58), and strategies with consequences (0.84) is direct, positive and significant.Conclusion: : Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that recognizing the paths of the professionalization process can help Iranian sports federations to achieve a business process. Identifying the internal and external potentials of federations can also accelerate the process of their professionalization and development.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-brand community in professional Football in Iran by studying Esteghlal and Persepolis teams Fans in social networks.Methodology: The research method was qualitative (Grounded Theory). The population consisted of sports marketing experts and professors and social media managers and fans. The statistical sample was selected based on theoretical saturation (17 subjects and 63 documents) by purposive and accessible method. In-depth interviews were used for data collection and three coding steps were used for data analysis using Maxqda software.Results: The main perspectives of analyzing the anti-brand behavior of Esteghlal and Persepolis Fans included four approaches of behavior, causes, strategy and outcome that formed a structural model. The results showed that anti-brand behaviors included both positive and negative behaviors. Causes of behavior involving cultural-social, sport, individual, and structural dimensions; coping strategies include two marketing and branding and training and culturalization approaches and possible consequences include both behavioral-cultural and commercial and managerial perspectives.Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be said that the anti-brand behavior of Fans of the country's top Teams in social media has a variety of different types and causes that had different consequences. Therefore, it requires a variety of diverse and appropriate strategies and solutions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the drivers that affect the future of Iranian public sports. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature based on futures research, analytical and exploratory methods. The statistical population of the study included 41 public sports experts (11 faculty members in the field of physical education with an average age of 46 years who had 9 years of experience, scientific and practical in public sports,Fourteen managers and experts were from the Deputy Minister of Public Sports of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Federation of Public Sports with an average age of 41 years, and 16 of them were veterans of the average age of 56 years,Who had 15 years of experience in public sports in the country. ) from whom in-depth interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. Finally, the data was analyzed by Mick Mac software Results: The results showed that the key factors affecting the future of championship sports were identified in 9 sections and 37 key indicators with a matrix width of 37*37 based on cross-effects Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be claimed that the existing opportunities can overcome the challenges and it is worthwhile for managers and public sports planners to pay attention to the importance of these issues.