Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training and curcumin supplementation combination on the lipid profile of inactive middle-aged men. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study. The studied population was middle-aged men who were categorized as inactive. The mean (± standard deviation) age of participants was 34/82 (± 6. 54). They were 60 volunteers who were assigned to four groups by simple randomization, including the training group (N = 15), the training-curcumin group (N = 15), the curcumin group (N = 15), and the control group (N = 15). Three training sessions were carried out weekly for eight consecutive weeks, including weight training and running on a treadmill with 65 percent of maximum oxygen consumption for the training group. The curcumin was administered as 80 mg gelatin capsule 5 days in a week for eight consecutive weeks. Twenty-four hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last session, blood samples were taken and transferred to the laboratory. The statistical analyses were done via SPSS Software (Version 22). Results: There was a significant difference between the interactive effects of eight weeks of combined exercise training and supplementation of curcumin on triglyceride and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P-value: 0. 008 and 0. 002), but their effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol was not significant (Pvalue: 0. 06 and 0. 42). Moreover, there was a significant difference between cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride in the pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: Combined exercise trainings and curcumin extract can be used to improve the lipid profile of inactive middle aged people.

Objective: The importance of skeletal muscle as the largest metabolic tissue in diabetes remains more unknown than other metabolic tissues of the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of six weeks endurance training on the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) myonuclear number in diabetic male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male wistar rats about 10 weeks old and weighing 200-250 grams allocated randomly in four groups of diabetic training (DT), diabetic control (DC), healthy training (HT) and healthy control (HC). For induction of diabetes, DT and DC groups were intraperitoneally injected by streptozotocin (STZ), and the training groups performed incremental endurance training on the treadmill for six weeks. Fourty eight hours after the last training session, all rats were killed and tissue samples of soleus and EDL muscles were removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The sections were prepared with six μ m thickness and stained with hematoxylin– eosin. The myonuclear numbers were counted in prepared plates by randomly style at the ten field microscopy. Data analysis was done with One-way and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Our findings showed that myonuclear number in diabetic groups was lower in both soleous and EDL muscles (P-value: 0. 0001). furtheremore in DT and HT groups, the number of nuclei increased significantly (P-value: 0. 0001). Conclusion: Endurance physical activities as a non-medicinal strategy can play an important role in maintenance of the structure and the function of skeletal muscles and thereby improving the quality of life in diabetes.

Objective: MafA is one of the major factors in the family of MafA transcription factors. In pancreatic beta cells, MafA plays an important role in regulating the expression of glucose-dependent Insulin gene. On the other hand, Lipotocyticleads to negative expression of MafA expression when exposed to inflammatory cytokines. These statements in general emphasize the role that MafA plays as a key regulator of genes that are effective in maintaining the function of beta cells and glucose-dependent insulin synthesis. Materials and Methods: Considering the very important role of MafA transcription factor in the protection and function of beta cells and insulin secretion, In order to investigate the effect of exercise activities on expression of this gene, 16 male Wistar rats were divided into diabetic control and diabetic training groups. The two groups were diabetic with receiving nicotinamide and streptozotocin injection and the experimental group was trained for 12 weeks by aerobic exercise on a treadmill. Results: The results of the study showed a significant increase in the expression of the MafA gene after 12 weeks of aerobic training, which resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose concentration and increased beta cell function. Conclusion: Based on the evidence of the mechanisms responsible for the synthesis and secretion of insulin in the pancreatic beta cells, it can be concluded that increased levels of insulin levels in aerobic intervention group rats in the present study it is rooted in increasing the expression of MafA compared to the control group.

Objective: Reducing white adipose tissue is an important strategy for treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endurance exercise and adenosine consumption on the expression of selected genes of thermogenic pathway in the visceral adipose tissue of obese male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male wistar rats were fed on a high-fat diet (40 % fat) 12 weeks to get mean weight 319± 30 gr. The rats were selected randomly in four groups; control-saline, controladenosine, exercise-adenosine and exercise-saline. The adenosine groups received 0. 2mgr/kg adenosine 12 weeks (seven days a week), 3 hours before exercise. The exercise schedule included running on the turning wheel without slope, performed 12 weeks, five sessions a week, with the speed of 20-25 meters per minute for 15-31 minutes. About 48 hours after the last exercise session, the rat’ s kidneys were removed and frozen immediately. In order to measure the relative expression of UCP-1 gene, the method of Real Time (RT)-PCR based on SYBR-Green dye was used. The gathered data was studied using the statistical method of two-way analysis of variance. Results: Twelve weeks of endurance exercise with medium intensity and adenosine consumption resulted a significant increase of UCP-1 gene expression (P-value: 0. 001 and P-value: 0. 005 accordingly). Nevertheless, the collective effect of exercise and adenosine is indicative of insignificant difference in changes of the relative expression of UCP-1 gene in visceral adipose tissue. Conclusion: Endurance exercise and adenosine consumption independently led to an increase in UCP-1 gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue of obese male rats Nevertheless, the collective effect of exercise and adenosine is indicative of insignificant difference in changes of the relative expression of UCP-1 gene in visceral adipose tissue. It is probable that some mechanisms be activated through the collective effect of exercise and adenosine that reduce the synergic effect of exercise and adenosine.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disorder with various disturbances in biochemical processes such as antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. The aim of present study was evaluation of the oxidative stress markers in saliva of T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 (40 T2DM and 40 control) individuals were assessed. The salivary total antioxidants capacity and lipid peroxidation were determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and Thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARS) assay, respectively. Results: Total salivary antioxidants value was significantly lower in T2DM patients compared with healthy controls (P-value: 0. 01). A significant increase in lipid peroxidation was seen in T2DM (Pvalue: 0. 0001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that diabetic patients confront a disturbed state of antioxidant defense, especially the reduction in total antioxidant capacity of body.

Objective: Psoriasis (Pso) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular involvement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes a group of classic cardiovascular risk factors with pro-inflammatory condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the frequency of MetS in Pso patients with and without arthritis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 Pso patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 48 Pso patients without arthritis and 48 age matched controls. The demographic, clinical and laboratory features of the subjects were compared. Disease activity, damage and functional activity were assessed using functional indices. The MetS was diagnosed according to the definitions of the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The three groups were compared in terms of MetS components frequency. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 19) at a significance level of <0. 05. Results: The mean ages of the Pso and PsA groups were 42. 40± 8. 8 and 45. 00± 10. 3 years, respectively. Based on the NCEP/ATP III and IDF criteria, 21 (43. 8%) and 26 (54. 2%) Pso patients, 28 (58. 3%) and 29 (60. 4%) PsA patients, and 12 (25%) and 11 (22. 9%) controls were diagnosed with MetS, respectively (P< 0. 05). Furthermore, high waist circumference and hypertension were more prevalent in the PsA patients (P< 0. 05). Conclusion: The frequency of MetS was found to be more prevalent in the Pso and PsA groups compared to the controls. The relationship between MetS and cardiovascular consequences highlights the importance of investigating the role of this condition in the management of patients, especially PsA cases.

Objective: Eating disorder (bulimia) is common in young diabetic patients which may influence insulin levels. To reduce calories by manipulating insulin is known as Diabulimia. The purpose of this paper is to define Diabulimia and relative issues and highlight the need for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Studies showed that early diagnosis and intervention in the treatment of diabulimia can reduce the risk of premature death.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of GDM positive screening tests with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) in pregnant women without risk factors in Esfarayn, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 997 pregnant women, who were referred to the health Center 2 in Esfarayen city in 2014-2015. The sampling method was convenient. It should be noticed that all of pregnant women did not have risk factor of GDM. Results: 997 pregnant women prenatal care had a fasting glucose test among them, 4 patients had abnormal FBS, While 40 of them after GCT had blood glucose greater than 140 mg and, 20 cases in 1 and 2-hour GCT at the same time had high blood glucose. Conclusion: Result of our study showed that glucose challenge test for GDM screening is worthwhile, FBS, alone is not useful to screen for GDM.