OLYMPIC
Year:2007 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 (SERIAL 37)|Papers Count:20

Infraspinatuse syndrome is one of common injuries at the shoulder which called "volleyball shoulder". The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between range of motion (ROM) at the shoulder and anthropometric characteristic with infraspinatuse syndrome in elite volleyball players. 12 national super ligue volleyball players with average age of (23.6±3.5 years), height (193.5±1.5 cm), weight (87.3±6.4 kg), with having about 8 years experience and 4 years an Iranian national player participate in this study. The differences between integrated electromyography (IEMG), roote mean square (RMS) and average rectified electromyography (ARV) measured by EMG at the infraspinatuse muscles to identify the level of infraspinatuse syndrome. Relationship between these parameters, ROM and anthropometries characteristic were examined by use of Pearson correlation coefficients (p<0.05). There is relationship between ROM at the shoulder and LBM with infraspinatuse syndrome and support hypothesis that determine stretch as a cause of this syndrome.

Physical education course is compulsory in higher education system. The curriculum insists on both health-related and performance-related physical fitness. Students were unhappy with grading system and statistical analysis of grades confirmed they were right. This study aimed to modify the evaluation of the course.This research is descriptive. Target population included of all male students of Isfahan University. The purposeful sample included 1280 male students, of 18-24 years old, who were available to participate in this research. During six subsequent semesters all participants were tested and graded by a new test battery. Tests were administered by the same standards, but test administrators were changed in every semester. Test Battery included Juggling, Dribbling, Wall Pass/Trape Skills test. Demographic data included age, weight, stature, and BMI.A new set of norms was set for evaluation of the course. The results of data analyses showed that distribution of new grades was compared to older ones. Statistical analyses showed that before the study, distribution of grades was abnormal. After the study distribution of grades was closer to normal. As, statistical analysis of data showed there were no significant differences among norms derived from different semesters, we concluded norms were reliable.It is concluded that the new standards could improve the evaluation system. Also, compared to female instructors, male instructors seem more reluctant to apply a new system of evaluation for P.E courses.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the minimal necessary time for weight losing in sedentary females.METHODS: 36 sedentary Iranian females, aged 38.2±4.4 yr (M±SD) were randomly assigned to 3 groups, 12 each, with following walking days per week: 1 day in the first group, 2 days in the second group and 3 days in the third group. Participants took 60 minutes of brisk walking with 50-70% VO2max for 12 week in the walking days. Body weight, BMI, percent body fat, and waist and hip circumferences were measured before and after the intervention. All participants were asked not to change their eating habits during the intervention period, and food diaries were kept and monitored weekly. RESULTS: Means (±SD) of pre-test weight, body fat, WHR, BMI in all groups were 69.15±9.7 kg, 32.71±4.6 percent, 0.82±0.056, 26.99±3.4 kg.m2, respectively. ANOVA test showed that there was significant difference among mean variables among three groups after the 12- week intervention. Tukey post-hoc tests showed that it was the third group differing from others (p<0.05). Weight, body fat, WHR, and BMI (M±SD) 72.41±10.75kg, 33.10±4.2 percent, .80±0.43, 26.73±3.35kg.m2 changed to 68.81±9.86 kg, 30.36±5.3 percent, 78±5.7, and 25.72±3.16 kg.m2) after the intervention.CONCLUSIONS: Brisk walking for 60 min one or two days a week for 12 weeks could not improve body composition of overweight females.

The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes and tendency to exercise and sport activities of Mashhad's people. So, it was prepared a questionnaire with 3 attitudes items, 12 Tendency Items, and 9 individual traits with Cronbach Alpha reliability (r: 0.85). The questionnaire was distributed between 1049 males and females over 16 years who were randomly selected from all the people of Mashhad. After replying to questionnaires (about 976 members or 93%) and statistical analysis, the following results come out: 32% of subjects don't participate in exercise and sport activities. Acquiring toyness and happiness was the important factor of participating in exercise and sport activities. Post poning the daily works was the main factor to not participate in exercise and sport activities. Most people were interested to physical fitness, walking and football. Between the Attitudes of exercise and sport activities in people with different specifications such as age, married or not married, family members, job type, having intention to exercise and sport activities or not having, there was significant difference. Between the attitudes of exercise and sport activities in people with specifications such as sex, graduation level, monthly income, family expenditure, monthly sport expenditures, weekly activity sessions, the time of exercise for each session, security of sport places, exercise background; there was not significant differences. Between the tendency to exercise and sport activities in people with specifications sex, age, marriedness, number of family members and monthly exercise expenditures there was significant differences. There were not any significant differences between the tendency to exercise and sport activities with specifications, educational levels, job type, monthly income and total monthly family expenditures.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare job satisfaction of active and nonactive faculty members of Yazd University. Faculty members of Yazd University were statistical population in this research. 118 instructors (45 active and 73 nonactive) participated in this study. They were teaching at Yazd University. Job satisfaction was estimated by IDI questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Statistical tests were Mann-whitney U, independent T test and spearman correlation coefficient. An alpha level of p<0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Job satisfaction of faculty members in Yazd University was 3.61 (range of score is 1 to 5). The most satisfaction was about work (4.2), and the least satisfaction was about promotion (3). Job satisfaction of nonnative group (3.63) was more than it of active group (3.54), although no significant difference was observed between job satisfaction of two groups (p=0.42). Among five different factor of job satisfaction, only satisfaction about supervisor was significant difference between active and nonactive groups (p=0.02), so nonactive group had more satisfaction.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of four weeks detraining after 12 weeks of the continuous training on HS - CRP in rats (325.6±4.93 gram and old -21 months after at least 3 month from fertility period). For this aim, 56 rats of the females wistar with strain 14848 were involved and were divided into main and control groups and the subgroup seven include; pretest, midtest, posttest, detraining experience groups and midtest, posttest and detraining control groups. The training protocol took part for the period of 12 weeks and 5 days in week with definite speed and duration. Then, the detraining protocol was performed for 4 weeks. The blood sampling in the baseline was taken after 12 to 14 hours fasting in four phases. The HS-CRP was measured with Immunoturbidimetric method. Also LDL- C and HDL - C was measured with anzymatic method. Data were analyzed by the repeated measure test and post hoc tests of least significant Difference (LSD). The results were showed that HS- CRP levels decreased insignificantly in the first six weeks and were showed decreased significantly after 12 weeks. The main results showed that after 4 weeks detraining, HS- CRP level was increased insignificantly in training group and significantly in control group. In generally, on the basis of these findings we can conclude that continuou8 training lead to inhibition of the inflammatory response.

Several methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have been used for estimating the anaerobic threshold, and there is no consensus about what is the best procedure. The aim of this study was the determination of the validity of old and new Conconi tests regarding the evaluation of anaerobic threshold (AT) of athletes. 15 male athletes volunteered to participate in this study and did three incremental tests, at feast with 48h time interval. The AT was obtained by heart rate deflection point and accumulation of lactate, in old and new Conconi and reference tests, respectively. Correlation coefficient was estimated between variables (heart rate, lactate, running speed) corresponding to AT which were estimated by Conconi and reference tests and the regression analysis was performed to determination of ability to prediction. There were significant correlations between heart rate and running speed estimated by new Conconi and reference tests (r=0.62, p<0.05 and r=0.80, P<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between any variables of old Conconi and reference tests, In new Conconi test the heart rate deflection point was overestimated than lactate threshold. The results of this study indicated that the new Conconi test is valid in estimation of AT of athletes while the old Conconi test is lacking validity.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between success or failure of Iranian national football team in 2006 world cup and national identity. The research method is a panel longitudinal survey and the data have been collected in 4 intervals. The research was conducted in Yasouj and 392 subjects were selected at first stage by means of random multi – stage sampling. The measurement tool was a questionnaire including 33 questions. Factor analysis was used to determine the validity of questionnaire and reliability was measured by Cronbach alpha. The findings suggest that following losing Iranian national football team against Mexico and Portugal, national identity scores were reduced both in different aspects and totally. But after tideing against Angola, the reducing trend of national identity was stopped but there is no significant increase in national identity.  

In the present investigation, 60 boy adolescents (age 17±0.817 years old, height 184±8.17 cm, weight 85±10.39 kg, and body mass index 20.80±3.83) who were sampled randomly participated in study. In order to predict maximal aerobic power (VO2max, % VO2max, PeakVO2, % MHR, and VO2max based on watt or peak W), adolescents performed in different stage of study, maximal treadmill GXT, PWC 195 and PWCGs 212 cycle ergometry tests, I-mile track jog test, and 5- minute running field test (5-RFT). The results showed that in comparing absolute value of mean deviation of maximal oxygen uptake obtained from exercise tests, the I-mile track jog test had not significant difference from GXT criterion test (p = 0.092). Also, from the viewpoint of comparison the maximal oxygen uptake percentage mean, this exercise test did not showed significant difference with GXT test (p = 0.381). In comparison the of peak VO2 values of exercise tests, no significant difference was observed between 5-RFT and VO2max of that the same test (p = 0.735). But, maximal HR percentage of PWC 195 and PWC 212 tests had not significant differences (p = 0.449) with GXT criterion test. However, in comparison of oxygen uptake obtained from watt, these two cycle ergometry tests revealed significant differences with Peak W test. In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that the I-mile track jog test; predict maximal aerobic power of boy adolescents similar to GXT treadmill test.  

The purpose of this study was to compare some of psychological skills in elite and non-elite teakwood female athletes. Statistical population is 152 athletes attendant in elective competition of Tehran in 2005. Among first, second, and third places from eight categories, 15 subjects were chosen purposely as elite athletes and among athletes with no place, 15 subjects were chosen randomly as non - elite athletes. The required information was collected through a questionnaire developed by the southern Australia sport Institute. Psychological skills that demonstrated significantly greater values for the elite athletes were the concentration and imaginary, with the motivation showing a trend toward being lower in the elite athletes. There was no significant difference between two groups in the other psychological variables. These results suggest that the concentration and imaginary are important to success in this sport, and they deserve to be paid more attention when coaches and sports psychologists are planning and continuing for these athletes.