Nursing And Midwifery Journal
Year:2024 | Volume:8 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

Background & Aim: Workplace violence, particularly in emergency departments, is a global issue and a significant public health priority. Nursing, especially in emergency settings, is one of the professions with the highest reported rates of violence. This violence has serious impacts on the mental health and work quality of nurses, making effective interventions to reduce it essential. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate various interventions to reduce violence against nurses and improve their working conditions. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted by searching databases including Google Scholar, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed using keywords such as "violence", "nurses", "emergency department", and "intervention methods" between 2014 and 2024. Out of 4,075 identified articles, after removing duplicates (1,043 articles) and irrelevant studies (3,193 articles), abstracts were screened. Ultimately, 116 articles were selected for eligibility assessment, and 19 articles were included in the study. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE checklist (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations). This checklist was used to assess randomization, risk of bias, and generalizability of results. Articles were selected based on criteria such as being interventional, having full-text availability, focusing on violence against nurses in emergency departments, and being in Persian or English. Articles without full-text access or those that were conference papers or letters to the editor were excluded from the review process. Results: In the 19 reviewed studies, all participants were nurses working in emergency departments. The studies were designed as experimental, quasi-experimental, and two studies used a mixed-methods approach combining quasi-experimental and qualitative methods. Interventions included in-person and online training, managerial and environmental changes, anger and behavior management, risk assessment protocols, preventive protocols, communication skills, triage algorithms, and simulations. Conclusion: Training in communication skills and anger management, along with improving the work environment, can significantly reduce violence against emergency nurses. Continuous training programs and managerial changes such as risk assessment and improving working conditions can be effective in preventing violence. Additionally, establishing supportive policies and cultures to encourage reporting of violent incidents is of great importance. Through comprehensive programs and innovative technologies, safer conditions can be provided for nurses.

Background & Aim: Pregnancy under the age of 20 is considered a high-risk pregnancy. Given the global growth of the adolescent population, predictions indicate that the number of adolescent pregnancies will increase by 2030. However, some studies suggest that with appropriate prenatal and antenatal care, the complications of such pregnancies can be comparable to those in women over 20 years of age. Understanding the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as neonatal complications, with a focus on maternal age, can assist policymakers in planning, developing, and improving fertility policies in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of maternal age on adverse neonatal outcomes among mothers in West Azerbaijan Province as part of a prospective cohort study. Materials & Methods: This study was an analytical observational study and part of a prospective cohort study conducted from the beginning of Khordad 1402 (May 2023) to the end of Ordibehesht 1403 (April 2024) in urban health centers and five public hospitals in five cities of West Azerbaijan Province (Bukan, Sardasht, Chaypareh, Salmas, and Urmia) that had maternity wards. The study lasted one year. A total of 554 pregnant women were enrolled through census sampling over six months based on inclusion criteria. These women were divided into two age groups: under 20 years and 20-34 years. Both groups were monitored throughout pregnancy and childbirth, and neonatal complications were recorded after delivery. Data were collected through questionnaires and checklists in several stages by the researcher, using information recorded in national pregnancy and childbirth systems as well as existing medical records. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, with statistical tests including T-test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results of this study showed that most pregnant adolescents had low education levels, were homemakers, and lived in suburban areas. Neonatal outcomes, including low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), need for neonatal resuscitation, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, fetal distress, low Apgar scores, and preterm birth, showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05), with these outcomes being more prevalent in the adolescent mothers (under 20 years). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of congenital anomalies, miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death, referral to a higher-level hospital, or mode of delivery (P > 0.05). The mode of delivery was similar in both groups, with 63.2% of women under 20 years and 66.1% of women aged 20-34 years delivering vaginally. However, the ratio of cesarean to vaginal delivery was slightly higher in the adolescent group. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy remains a public health issue in Iran, associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Implementing health policies that address the socio-economic and cultural determinants of adolescent pregnancy, as well as conducting prospective studies to better understand the factors involved in these outcomes, is crucial.

Background & Aim: One way to improve the mental health of female-headed households and reduce their problems is to empower these individuals through therapeutic interventions that lead to the improvement of their psychological issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy integrated with mindfulness on the empowerment and attitudes toward work and activity of female-headed households. Materials & Methods: The study was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all female-headed households supported by the welfare system in Kerman city in 2024. The sample size consisted of 30 individuals (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) selected through convenience sampling and assigned to the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy integrated with mindfulness, while the control group remained on the waiting list. The research instruments included the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (Spritzer, 1995) and the Women's Attitudes to Work and Activity Questionnaire (Mohil et al., 2006). Results: The results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy integrated with mindfulness had a significant effect on empowerment and attitudes toward work and activity in the post-test and follow-up stages. Based on the effect size, the impact on empowerment was 0.465, and on attitudes toward work and activity, it was 0.541. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide valuable information regarding cognitive behavioral therapy integrated with mindfulness. Psychologists and psychiatrists can use this intervention to improve the empowerment and attitudes toward work and activity of female-headed households.

Background & Aim: Burn complications lead to permanent psychological, physical, and social changes in patients, thereby disrupting their quality of life. The present meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the effect of rehabilitation interventions on health-related quality of life in burn patients. Materials & Methods: In this systematic review, the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex databases were searched to identify English and Persian clinical trial articles without time restrictions. The Cochrane checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in the articles. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The I² index was used to examine heterogeneity between studies, while the funnel plot and Egger test were used to assess publication bias. The standardized mean difference (SMD) index and the random effects method were used to combine studies and perform the meta-analysis. Results: Initially, 641 articles were retrieved from the database search. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were systematically reviewed, and 10 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis, based on the random-effects model using the Trim and Fill method, showed a standardized mean difference of SMD = 1.96 (CI: 1.02–2.33, p = 0.001), indicating a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups. The health-related quality of life in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that rehabilitation interventions improve the health-related quality of life in burn patients. Therefore, these interventions can be used as an evidence-based decision-making tool by healthcare providers to enhance the quality of life for these patients.

Materials & Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school children aged 9 to 11 with ADHD in Kerman city in 2023. Among them, 30 participants were selected using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (15 participants each) through a lottery method. Participants completed the Children's Behavior Rating Scale (parent form) by Swanson et al. (2012) and the Executive Functions Scale for Children and Adolescents by Barkley (2012). The experimental group received the multimodal intervention (mother-child-teacher) over 10 sessions, with two sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes. The research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS-27 software. Results: The results indicated that before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of executive functions (self-motivation and emotion self-regulation) in the intervention and control groups. However, after the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean scores of the two groups. The mean and standard deviation of self-motivation in the post-test were 29.30 ± 4.30, and for emotion self-regulation, they were 38.20 ± 2.70 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the use of multimodal intervention appears to be effective in improving executive functions (self-motivation and emotion self-regulation). Therefore, psychologists and therapists are encouraged to incorporate multimodal intervention (mother-child-teacher) alongside other treatment methods to address the challenges faced by children with ADHD.

Background & Aim: Coronary angiography is a common test for diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease. Despite its benefits, due to its invasive nature, it can cause psychological complications such as anxiety. On the other hand, patient satisfaction is one of the important aspects of care. Providing accurate information and educating the patient can reduce anxiety and increase patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three educational methods—face-to-face, video, and booklet—on anxiety and satisfaction among cardiac patients hospitalized for coronary angiography at Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Yazd in 2023. Materials & Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consisted of patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized for angiography at Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Yazd. A total of 90 patients were initially selected using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to three groups: face-to-face, booklet, and video. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), and the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18). The educational content included information on the procedure stages, safety, possible complications, and expected outcomes. It was delivered to the first group through face-to-face education, the second group through a video, and the third group through a booklet. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS-21 software. Results: The mean satisfaction score after the intervention in the face-to-face, video, and booklet groups was 3.42 ± 0.54, 3.94 ± 0.55, and 3.18 ± 0.54, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups, with the mean satisfaction score in the video group being significantly higher than the other two groups. The mean anxiety score after the intervention in the face-to-face, video, and booklet groups was 39.66 ± 7.50, 38.43 ± 8.75, and 43.23 ± 6.32, respectively. The results showed that all three training methods significantly reduced the mean anxiety (P < 0.05). However, in the between-group comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between the video group and the booklet group (P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant between the video and face-to-face groups or between the booklet and face-to-face groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that all three educational methods were effective in reducing patient anxiety, but video-based education was more effective in reducing anxiety and increasing satisfaction than the other two methods. Therefore, it is recommended that educational videos be prepared and made available to patients for better use, considering the general and specific educational needs of patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Background & Aim: Effective communication between nurses and patients facilitates the gathering of important information and the making of appropriate decisions in healthcare. This communication helps to better understand patients' needs and emotions, improves caregiving behaviors, and builds mutual trust. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurses' communication skills, patient trust in nurses, and nursing behaviors. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2023 at hospitals in Urmia. A total of 100 nurses and 300 patients participated. Data were collected using questionnaires on nurse-patient communication, nursing behaviors, and patient trust in nurses, and were analyzed using SPSS version 22 through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.57 ± 18.23 years. Of the patients, 138 were male (46.5%) and 159 were female (53.5%). The mean age of nurses was 29.66 ± 4.33 years, with an average work experience of 5.42 years. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between "nurse-patient communication and caregiving behavior" (r=0.751), "nurse-patient communication and patient trust" (r=0.561), and "nursing behavior and patient trust" (r=0.618) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that effective nurse-patient communication positively impacts patient trust and nursing behaviors. The majority of patients rated their communication with nurses as high. Therefore, enhancing nurses' communication skills through educational programs and creating a supportive environment can improve the quality of nursing services.

Background & Aim: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition diagnosed in childhood that can persist into adulthood. Given the widespread use of the Internet, especially among young adults who are its primary users, evidence suggests that frequent and excessive Internet use may impact individuals' mental health. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the association between Internet use and ADHD symptoms in adults. Materials & Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, SID, and Magiran were searched for studies published between 2016 and September 2024 using a combination of Persian and English keywords: "Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder", "Young Adults", "Internet", and "ADHD", along with their synonyms. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and only studies of moderate to high quality were included. Results: A total of 10 studies were included in this review. The findings indicated that excessive Internet use can increase ADHD symptoms, and individuals with severe ADHD are more likely to develop Internet addiction. These results suggest a bidirectional relationship between excessive Internet use and ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: The findings indicate that excessive or unregulated Internet use may be associated with increased ADHD severity, particularly in areas such as concentration, impulsivity, and time management. We recommend that future studies explore the impact of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and time management apps, on ADHD symptoms—whether they contribute to improvement or exacerbate the condition.