NOVELTY IN BIOMEDICINE
Year:2013 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of daily physical activity on exercise tolerance ability using the six minute walk test in healthy female students.Methods: The participants in this field study were 252 healthy girls, 9-12 years old, studying in an elementary school in Tehran from March to June 2011. A three months daily physical activity protocol, with 15 minutes exercise per day, was designed as a curricular-based exercise intervention program. The six minute walk test was used as a tool to measure exercise tolerance ability before and after the intervention. Paired t-test, ANOVA and correlation tests were used when appropriate.Results: The participants, with mean age of 10.6 (SD=1.1), formed different body mass index groups known as underweight, normal, at risk and overweight with 8.3, 60.7, 18.7, and 12.3% respectively. The mean of the distances moved along in a six minute walk test, before and after the intervention, increased from 833.4 meter to 923.3 meter, indicating 10% increase and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). However, analysis of mean differences of the walked distances, before and after the intervention, showed no statistically significant difference for the body mass index groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: A 15-minutes daily physical activity could enhance the exercise tolerance of school-age girls, the activity, as an easy and inexpensive form of intervention, is recommended to students.

Background & Objective: There is a report about the 2-5% prevalence for septic arthritis by anaerobic bacteria. The relevance between synovitis and intestinal microbial flora has been a hypothesis for ten years. The PCR with sensitivity and specificity 99% for microorganism detection in acute, chronic and relapse forms of septic arthritis is helpful. In this research we aimed to diagnose intestinal anaerobic bacteria which are able to occur in bacteremia or septicemia.Methods: The amplification of the 16srRNA and narG genes of anaerobic bacteria was carried out by three PCR reactions. Here we used universal primers for their detection.Results: From 100 patients with septic arthritis, 61% were bacterial arthritis and 18% were infected by anaerobic bacteria.Conclusion: On the base of nitrate reductase coding, the positive samples were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Methylovorus sp. O157 Escherichia coli and Borrelia garinii.

Objective: To evaluate the possibility of access to the kidneys from posterior axillary line (PAL) in supine position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Materials and Methods: 102 consecutive patients who were candidated for abdominal CT scan, enrolled in this study. In cases of impossible access, the point on the posterior surface of body which permitted safe access was determined and the percent of movement toward body midline (relative to PAL) was calculated (M.PER).Results: Percutaneous access was simulated from upper and middle calyces of the kidney in 13% and 75% of cases, respectively. Access to the lower region was possible in 90% of right and 79% of left lower calyces, respectively (p=0.03). In cases with impossible access from PAL, the M.PER for a safe access was 46-47% for upper region and 34- 38% for middle and lower calyces of the kidney (P=0.0001).Conclusions: Access to upper calyces from PAL was limited in some cases regarding to the presence of solid organs. Presence of colon made access impossible in the lower right and left calyces in about 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. In upper region, more deviation toward midline was necessary to establish a safe access compared with middle and lower calyces.

Objective: To evaluate the possibility of access to the kidneys from posterior axillary line (PAL) in supine position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Materials and Methods: 102 consecutive patients who were candidated for abdominal CT scan, enrolled in this study. In cases of impossible access, the point on the posterior surface of body which permitted safe access was determined and the percent of movement toward body midline (relative to PAL) was calculated (M.PER).Results: Percutaneous access was simulated from upper and middle calyces of the kidney in 13% and 75% of cases, respectively. Access to the lower region was possible in 90% of right and 79% of left lower calyces, respectively (p=0.03). In cases with impossible access from PAL, the M.PER for a safe access was 46-47% for upper region and 34- 38% for middle and lower calyces of the kidney (P=0.0001).Conclusions: Access to upper calyces from PAL was limited in some cases regarding to the presence of solid organs. Presence of colon made access impossible in the lower right and left calyces in about 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. In upper region, more deviation toward midline was necessary to establish a safe access compared with middle and lower calyces.

Background & Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and one of the most opportunistic pathogens responsible for serious infections in hospitalized patients.Materials and Methods: During a 12 months study, 221 clinical isolates and 22 environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected. In vitro susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents: amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, imipenem, tigecycline, colistin, gentamycin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin was performed by the disk diffusion method. Also Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of imipenem, levofloxacin and cefepime was performed by the E-test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. blaOXA-23, blaOXA- 24, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-51 genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.Results: The result of antimicrobial susceptibility test of clinical isolates by the disk diffusion method revealed that all strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam. The rates of resistance to the majority of antibiotics tested varied between 69% and 100 %, with the exception of tigecycline and colistin. Of 221 isolates tested 99 (44.8%) were XDR. All strains carried a blaOXA-51 -like gene. blaOXA-23 gene was the most prevalent among blaOXA-types Conclusion: Colistin and tigecycline can be effective drugs for treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections.Continuous Surveillance for Acinetobacter baumannii multidrug-resistant strains is necessary to prevent the further spread of resistant isolates.

Background & Objective: Denture cleansing is a key element in retaining mucosa free of any inflammation. However, many denture users usually ignore this important factor. This investigation was designed to compare the efficacy of a denture brush and an ordinary brush in cleansing process of complete dentures.Materials & Methods: A group of 31 individuals aged 44-76 years were included in this study. Each patient was then instructed to use the denture brush for a period of 4 weeks while an ordinary brush was to be used for the following 4 weeks. Dentures were photographed and evaluated at every two week intervals using a computer photographic software assessment method. Pictures were compared using the image tool for plaque remaining on the denture surfaces. Student t-test was used to analyse data collected.Results: Comparison of the brush type efficacy at 2 and 4 weeks did not show any significant difference (P>0.05), however, clinical evaluation indicated that denture brush leaves much less plaque bio-film compare to the ordinary one, with mean plaque traced at 6.88 to 9.24 in 4 weeks.Conclusion: There were no significant differences found between the two brushes’ efficacy, with clinical evaluation significantly in favor of denture brush.