Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

In this work, biodegradation of organic pollutants by activated sludge (AS) in the presence of glu-cose (2 g/L) as an additional carbon source was studied. The AS (without pre-acclimation) was freely suspended under aerobic conditions. Three organic dyes representative of the Algerian textile industry were selected: Cibanon Navy (CN), Solophenyl Scarlet (SS) and Cibacron Green (CG). The results showed that after 10 days of incubation, AS displayed good biodegradation capabilities achieving removal percentages ranging from 50.3% to 89.4% and reduction in COD ranging from 93.1% to 98.3%. Particularly, the textile dye CN was removed up to 89% with high reduction in COD (94.7%). The microbial development stimulated by glucose achieved therefore efficiently the discoloration of contaminated solutions and pollutant degradation. Although it is assumed that dyes can be degraded only under anaerobic conditions, the wastewater treatment using AS appears therefore suitable to the removal of different types of textile dyes before final discharge.

Magnolia soulangeana is a big shrub or a small tree with an irregular growth mode anda spring flowering tree whose large flowers appears before the emergence of leaves. Blossoms will be reflowed in early summer. To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid and the proper time ofbetter rooting for Magnoliasoulangeana cuttings, anexperiment was conducted in 2013-2014 in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Research. Five prepared levels of in dole butyric acid of zero, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 mg L-1 and the bottom of cuttings were put in the above solution for five seconds, and then they were kept under mist system within the context of the greenhouse for 75 d and after that, they were removed for measuring the desired parameters. The highest percentage of rooting, the average number of roots, the average length of roots and establishment percent-age related to 4000 mg L-1attendance was in late June. All traits under study were significant at the level of 1%. Cuttingin late Junehad positive impact for all traits under study, such as rooting percentage, callusing percentage, root number, and root length. After all, the concentration of 4000 mg L-1 of in dole butyric acid in which the largest test number and highest percentage of survival can be seen is considered as one of the best hormonal treatments.

In this study, powdered activated carbon was used as an absorbent to reduce Fe (II) ions concentration of groundwater. The adsorption behavior of Fe (II) ions was studied by varying parameters including the dosage of powdered activated carbon, pH of solution, initial concentration of Fe (II) and contact time. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also investigated based on Fe (II) adsorption tests. The optimized adsorption conditions were used for reducing iron concentration of groundwater derived from deep wells in Marand Plain with agricultural purposes in April 2017. An increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage resulted in increase of adsorption rate. The optimum condition of Fe (II) removal process was found at pH=4, 0.45 g adsorbent dosage, 10 mg/l initial concentration of Fe (II) and contact time of 30 min. The removal percent was equal to 97.21 at optimal conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich's models were employed to analyze the experimental data. Langmuir model fitted well with the correlation coefficient (R2=0.995) with adsorption capacity of qmax=205.2 mg/g. According to results of analysis of the kinetic data by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, we found that the adsorption of Fe (II) using PAC follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients (R2) equals to 0.9995, 0.9996 and 0.9993 for 10, 20 and 30 mg/l Fe (II) concentrations, respectively. In addition, the reaction is spontaneous and endothermic. In optimal conditions, this adsorbent can be suitable for improving the quality of ground water containing high iron concentrations.

The purpose of the present study was to increase the adsorption capacity of SBA-15 for acidic dyes. Ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 was successfully synthesized and functionalized by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer to develop an efficient anionic dye adsorbent. The prepared materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The study was concocted in the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran in 2016. The produced adsorbent (SBA-15-Den) was applied for the removal of Acid Red 266 (AR266) from aqueous media. The effects of various operational parameters including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature on removal of AR266 using SBA-15-Den were investigated in batch adsorption mode. Within the optimum conditions, SBA-15-Den exhibit-ed an excellent adsorptive capability of 1111.11 mg/g. Equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir model (R2>0.98) completely.

The present study highlights the potential application of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/metal salts (CrO3, CuCO3) nanofibrous filter media impregnated with TEDA (PAN-M-TEDA) as an efficient adsorbent for hydrogen cyanide removal from air. The PAN-M-TEDA nanofiber before and after adsorption of hydrogen cyanide was characterized with Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR). The concentration of hydrogen cyanide passes through the samples was determined by measuring the absorption of hydrogen cyanide in the solution containing indicator via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that introducing metal salts to PAN nanofiber along with their impregnation with TEDA, significantly increases the adsorption capacity of nanofibrous filter media. The adsorption of hydrogen cyanide over PAN-M-TEDA nanofiber was also studied as a function of thickness, PAN concentration and TEDA concentration by re-sponse surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design. It is found that the highest adsorption capacity can be achieved at thickness 28.42 mm, PAN concentration 16.19 w/v % and TEDA concentration 14.80 w/v %.

An experiment in the split plot factorial design using the randomized complete block design was conducted in Damghan, Semnan Province, Iran in the cropping year 2012-2013 to study the effects of irrigation cessation (based on the phenological stages of the plants) on phys-iological characteristics of forage millet cultivars. The treatments included three irrigation levels (the control with full irrigation, irrigation cessation when flowering started, and irrigation cessation when flowering ended) in the main plots, and applying nitroxinbiofertilizer (+) and not applying nitroxinbiofertilizer (control) and forage millet cultivars (Bastan, Pishahang, and Isfahan) in the subplots. The maximum water-soluble carbohydrates contents were observed in the cultivar Bastan (8.91%, respectively), the highest contents of fiber and water (74.17 and 48.83%, respectively) in the treatment of irrigation cessation when flowering started, and the largest proline concentration (1.90 mol/g-1ww-1 in the treatment of irrigation cessation when flowering started. Millet tolerated high levels of drought under conditions of irrigation cessation and Nitroxin, as a biological fertiliz-er, was useful in producing a good quality crop. The very rapid growth of millet, its short growing season, drought tolerance, unique feature with regard to harvest time, and its response to nitroxinbiofertilizer can help to expand its cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran.

This study was designed to investigate the protective activity of hempseed oil on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in male rats at Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran in 2015. Normal control (NC) group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with distilled water (0.5 ml/kg); CCl4-intoxicated group (TCC) injected CCl4; hempseed oil treated group (HSO) gavaged hempseed oil; TCC-HSO group was injected CCl4 prior to intake of hempseed oil and HSO-TCC group was gavaged hempseed oil prior to being injected with CCl4. In all treated groups, toxicity was induced by i.p. injection of CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) for two consecutive days and hemp seed, oil was gavaged at 8 ml/kg in respective group once daily for one week. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels increased in TCC. Protection against toxicity in HSO-TCC and TCC-HSO reduced AST and ALT activities compared to TCC. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in TCC-HSO and HSO-TCC increased as compared with other groups. CCl4 decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in TCC. Hempseed oil decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in HSO compared to NC. Hempseed oil in TCC-HSO and HSO-TCC restored TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels to those of NC. Atherogenic index was lower in HSO in comparison to TCC. Based on histopathology, hempseed oil improved CCl4-induced-cardio- and hepatotoxicity in TCC-HSO and HSO-TCC; however, hempseed oil did not prevent CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity. To sum up, hempseed oil has mild protective effects against CCl4 toxicity in male rats.

Mycotoxins as secondary metabolites produced by fungi are capable of causing disease and death in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is a member of trichothecene mycotoxin. Fusarium sporotrichioides, is the important T-2 toxin production. AFB1 is the strong potent natural carcinogen known, and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus species fungi. In this paper, we reviewed recent studies in different scientific databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, Magiran and Google Scholar for T-2 toxin and Aflatoxin B1 contamination in cereals and cereal based products. According to the result of the study, Aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin have been found in cereals and cereal-based products in Iran and worldwide and ELISA and HPLC techniques in determining the range of toxins are mostly used.