JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH RESEARCH
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Regarding the high impact of Diabetes Mellitus type II (DM II) on human's health, it seems that identifying DM II risk factors is important to prevent its development. Further studies are needed to ensure the positive role of uric acid in the onset of diabetes. This study targeted at investigating the attributed risk of hyperuricemia for the onset of DM II. Methods: In the present study, 1641 non-diabetic people, selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling, were followed up for 10 years (2006-2016). During the study, data on the variables of the study were collected and entered in SPSS 16 which was used to analyze the data. To calculate the attributions of hyperuricemia in the risk of developing diabetes, Levin's formulas and attributed risk related to the prevalence of exposure during these ten years were used. Results: Findings showed DM II was developed in 54. 8% of people with hyperuricemia, whereas 28. 2% of people with normal uric acid level developed diabetes. The Population Attributed Risk (PAR) of hyperuricemia and uric acid over than 75th percentile of serum uric acid for DM II incidence were calculated by the weighted attributed risk formula was 3. 6 % and 24. 2 %, respectively. With the treatment of hyperuricemia or serum uric acid over than 75th percetile, the incidence of diabetes in population was reduced up to 3. 6% or 24. 2% over a 10-year period respectively. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant correlation between high uric acid level and the risk of diabetes. Therefore, necessary measurements should be taken to treat the hyperuricemia patients in order to prevent the incidence of diabetes caused by high blood acid uric.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease which influences the life of people considerably, especially the women. Most women are not aware that osteoporosis is preventable. Although there is a higher risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, but bone loss can begin at the age of 35. This research was conducted to design and implement educational interventions to empower female students to prevent osteoporosis. Methods: This interventional study was a controlled trial. This study was conducted on female students of Shahrekord Islamic Azad University. A twostage stratified random sampling was used for recruiting samples. The sample size was set at 150 (75 interventions and 75 controls). A demographic questionnaire and a self-made questionnaire of self-empowerment for the prevention of osteoporosis were used to collect information. Data were collected before the intervention and three months after the intervention. The educational intervention was conducted in two months with eight education sessions. For statistical analyses, the SPSS software version 23 was used. Results: The mean age of the intervention group was 20. 69 ± 2. 24, and the control group was 20. 29 ± 2. 04, besides, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0. 26). The test indicates a significant difference in mean variance of the intervention group compared to mean variance of the control group in knowledge (P< 0. 001), attitude (P< 0. 001) and self-efficacy (P= 0. 006). The difference in mean variance of the intervention group compared to the mean variance of the control group was not significant in life skills (P= 0. 23). Conclusion: The results generally reflect the effect of educational interventions in improving the abilities of female students to prevent osteoporosis. It is suggested to design and implement educational programs to empower women to prevent osteoporosis.

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS-infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100, 000 people was calculated. Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56. 1% were men, and 43. 9% were women; 55. 1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30. 6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1. 6% through motherto-fetus transmission, 1. 3% through tattooing, and 5. 1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Conclusion: Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS-infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.

Introduction: Health literacy is defined as the ability of an individual to acquire, interpret, and understand the basic information about health services and to use them. Health literacy is a strong predictor of health. Its low level is germane to health problems of people and society as well as economic costs. This study was designed to determine the level of health literacy considering socio-demographic factors in residents of Alborz province in 2015. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 465 people aged between 18 and 60 years old living in Alborz province were evaluated using two-stage random sampling technique (stratified and cluster sampling). In this study, Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (IHLQ) and socio-demographic Information Questionnaire were used to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation test using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of participants was 36. 57(± 11. 08) years old and 68. 2% of them were female. 22. 4% of people had adequate, 44. 3% had a moderate, and 33. 3% had a poor level of health literacy. Health literacy in all dimensions of IHLQ except individual empowerment and social empowerment was moderate. People's access to health information also was moderate. The T-test indicated that the health literacy score was significantly higher in the individuals with the educational level of diploma and higher (p= 0. 000), in Persian people (p= 0. 008), and in unemployed people (p= 0. 006). Conclusion: The high level of inadequate (moderate and poor) health literacy of 77. 6% of the Alborz province population should be taken into consideration in health system policies to apply an effective strategy for promoting health literacy that results in better health status, regarding effective socio– demographic factors for each dimension of health literacy.

Introduction: Nowadays, the main focus of modern researches in the field of ADHD has been on the area of comorbid disorders and reducing their symptoms. In this regard, cognitive-behavioral therapies have tried to reduce the symptoms by using methods such as self-control, problem-solving, and social skills. Given the important role of the family, the present study investigated the pre-assumptions of the treatment by addressing the structural relationships between the social skills, problem-solving skills, and self-control with the symptoms of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorders in the children with ADHD and the mediating role of the mother-child interaction. Methods: This study was performed on 104 male students, fourth to sixth grade students of the elementary schools in Yazd City, Iran. In this study, the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI), Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS), and Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) were used. The results were analyzed with path analysis by SPSS software version 23. Results: Findings showed that problem-solving skills, self-control skills, social skills, and mother-child interaction can explain 75% of the variance of CD and 71% of the variance of ODD in the model. In another section of the analysis, the findings showed that the effect of problem-solving and self-control skills on the mother-child interaction was significant, but the social skills had no significant effect on the mother-child interaction. Also, the problem-solving variable can affect the CD through the mediating variable in the mother-child interaction, and also has a direct relationship with the current disorder but does not have a significant effect on ODD. The self-control variable in addition to its direct relationship to disorder can affect CD and ODD through the mother-child interaction. Conclusion: Self-control, problem-solving, and social skills are associated with the symptoms of behavioral disorders in the children with ADHD, and can be used in designing cognitive-behavioral therapy packages, and also the way the mother and child interact, is effective in this type of treatments.

Introduction: Recording medical information of hospital records is in fact the documentation of the medical team activities in the hospital. Therefore, correct, accurate, and timely record of patients' information can play a vital role in improving the educational, medical, research, legal, and statistical activities. This study aimed to investigate the type and number of errors in medical records documentation and its effective factors in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was cross-sectional. A sample of 330 patients' records in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital was investigated through a selfmade checklist. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and descriptive and analytical methods. Results: The number of errors in the records showed that, among the examined errors, No Specify the type of diagnosis and take medicine Time in more than 50% of the cases were not accurately recorded. The least error was due to the absence of time and stamp. There was a significant relationship between medical record errors and some demographic characteristics. Conclusion: According to the results and the existence of errors in recording files, hospital doctors and nurses' efforts to promote the documentation of cases were necessary. Rewardingly, some methods, such as initial training of newly arrived residents, encouraging methods, and periodic evaluation of cases can be used.

Introduction: Air pollution is now one of the greatest environmental hazards to human health in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between air quality and cases of myocardial infarction in Yazd. Methods: This Ecological study was performed in Yazd, Iran. In this study, all the cases with myocardial infarction in Yazd who referred to emergency rooms from March 20, 2016 to March 20, 2017 entered the study. Information on the daily concentration of air pollutants included five pollutants SO2, CO, O3, NO2 and PM10 and was validated according to the World Health Criteria. In the next step the raw data from air pollutants related to each station using equation and table standard was converted to separate AQI values for each pollutant and the pollutant having the highest index was introduced as the pollutant responsible for the day. Excel 2007 and R (3. 4. 3) software were used to analyze the data. The significant level was considered to be less than 0. 05. Results: According to measurements of air pollutants, out of 349 days, the air quality index (AQI <100) was standard in 245 days and in 104 days of the year was above the standard (AQI> 100). PM10 and CO emissions were for air pollutants in 86 days out of 104 days. Conclusion: Given that in 104 days of the year, air quality has exceeded the standard, the children and elderly people should take caution in those days.

Introduction: Volunteering is a way for community participation and involving local social capital. Volunteering has the potential to enhance well-being and reduce health inequalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of online volunteering on people’ s well-being and the reduction of inequalities. Methods: In this narrative review, using related keywords, 326 studies were found in the initial search in PubMed, Sage, Springer, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PsycINFO and finally 57 studies were selected for review. Results: The study found that virtual volunteering in organizations is a combination of offline and online volunteering, and fewer volunteers are online volunteers. One of the main features of online volunteering is the maximum use of time, and the reduction of travel time. This type of volunteering can be done 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Online volunteering can involve all people, including young people, the elderly, people with disabilities and disadvantaged groups and minorities. One of the main benefits of this type of volunteering is that many people who cannot attend the organization can participate in this way. Online volunteering also could reduce the discrimination and health inequalities. . Conclusion: Although online volunteering is developing globally, volunteerbased organizations have not yet adopted their strategies, rules, and procedures for new volunteers. It seems online volunteering will also enable different groups to participate in activities and promote the health of different groups.