Practice in Clinical Psychology
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare emotion regulation among the authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles of mothers with preschool children.Methods: The statistic community of this study was all the mothers in Tehran who had preschool children aged between 4 and 6 years. By convenient sampling, 8 kindergartens were selected, and the questionnaires were completed by mothers. The sample consisted of 270 mothers with preschool children. The participants completed the questionnaires, and the data were analyzed with MANOVA.Results: Significant difference between the groups in terms of emotion regulation was observed. The authoritative mothers had the highest score in emotion regulation. Conclusion: Our results indicated that emotion regulation played the main role in different parenting styles.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, self-compassion, and self-esteem; and to determine whether self-compassion compared to self-esteem, was a better predictor of the scores on the adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population included all students of the University of Applied Science and Technology (unit 47 in Tehran), in the education year 2015-2016. A total of 146 students were selected using a convenient sampling method. After explaining the purpose and procedure of the study to the participants and obtaining their verbal consent, the following questionnaires were administered: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient, two variable and multivariable regression analyses were used to analyze the data. All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 17.Results: The results indicated that both self-compassion and self-esteem were positively related to adaptive and negatively related to maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Regression analysis revealed that self-compassion was a better predictor of maladaptive strategies, and self-esteem was a better predictor of adaptive strategies. Conclusion: Self-compassion is a good indicator of mental health. In some aspects, selfcompassion relative to self-esteem, is a better predictor of mental health. It also contains some healthy aspects of self-esteem. Therefore, teaching self-compassion skills to therapists and patients can be a useful technique to improve the mental health of the society.

Objective: Many people, especially women, indulge in eating unhealthy food to cope with stress. Emotional eating may contribute to obesity and different eating disorders like bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotion dysregulation in emotional eating behavior.Methods: A sample of 700 adults between the ages of 18 to 50 years was selected via purposeful sampling method. The participants completed Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results: Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant and positive correlation between emotion dysregulation and emotional eating behavior (r=0.30; P<0.001). Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between childhood trauma and emotional eating behavior (r=0.19; P<0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that emotion dysregulation is the strongest predictor of emotional eating behavior.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a key mechanism in the development of emotional eating in individuals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of emotion selfregulation with phobia in students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, and University of Delhi, India.Methods: We used a cross-sectional design for this study. In this study, 686 students (400 students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan and 286 students of University of Delhi of India) were selected via Convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were Miller and Brown’s emotional self-regulation questionnaire and Marks and Mathews Phobia Questionnaire. This study was analyzed by the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient as well as stepwise regression. SPSS version 21 was used for measuring the variables. Results: The results of this study in students of Delhi University indicated that subscales of searching for options and Assessing the plan’s effectiveness are negatively correlated with a phobia of blood/injection/physical damage, and the subscale of formulating a plan is negatively correlated with social phobia. According to regression analysis, data showed that the subscale searching for options (Beta=-0.21) was the best predictors of phobia of blood/injection/physical damage, and alone accounted for 4% of the variance. Also, the subscale of formulating a plan (Beta=-0.146) was the best predictors of social phobia and alone accounted for 2.1% of the variance. Compared to the students of the University of Delhi, the results of students of University of Sistan and Baluchestan showed that the subscale of evaluating the information and comparing it to norms and assessing the plan’s effectiveness is positively correlated with a phobia of blood/injection/physical damage, and the total score of phobia. According to regression analysis, data demonstrated that the subscales of evaluating the information and comparing it to norms (Beta=0.147) and assessing the plan’s effectiveness were the best predictors of phobia of blood/injection/physical damage, and together accounted for 4.6% of the variance. In addition, the subscale of assessing the plan’s effectiveness (Beta=0.113) was the best predictors of total phobia score and alone accounted for 1.3% of the variance. Conclusion: Therefore, we concluded that culture and society play effective roles in the form of response and expressing emotions. Depending on the culture of each country, both emotional regulation and phobia are different among the members of that society.

Objective: Disability can affect people’s quality of life and lead to lower mental health in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching emotion regulation skills as a way to increase subjective well-being in students with a physical disability.Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, with pretest-posttest, and control group. The study population comprised high school male students (n=26) with a physical disability who were studying in the Soroush school, Tehran, a special school for students with a physical disability. Students were selected by Purposive sampling method and were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (n=13, each group). The experimental group received eight sessions (twice a week) of emotion regulation skills, while the control group followed their daily routine. Keyes and Magyar-Moe Mental Health Continuum-Long Form (MHC-LF) were compared before and after the intervention between experimental and control groups.Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that training of emotion regulation skills has a significant effect in the experimental group on increasing the subjective well-being of students with a physical disability (P<0.05) in comparison to control group. Data analysis was done using statistical software SPSS (version 23). MANCOVA test was performed to examine differences between the two groups.Conclusion: The training of emotion regulation skills could be an effective tool in improving the subjective well-being of students with a physical disability in the experimental group. The group training needs to be adopted by medical practitioners on a cohort for validating its effectiveness on a larger population.

Objective: The association of narcissistic disturbances in patients with melancholia symptoms has been described in various studies. The mechanism by which narcissistic disturbances may contribute to difficulties in emotional regulation and self-destructive behavior in melancholic patients have not been explored well. This lack of attention represents a vital theoretical ambiguity about the interaction of narcissism and death drive, which was introduced to the literature by the arbitrary way of Freud interpreted Narcissus myth. Based on an intense clinical case study, the aim of the current qualitative study is to elaborate on the contribution of narcissistic disturbances in difficulties of emotional regulation and self-destructive behavior in melancholic patients.Methods: A female melancholic patient with severe self-destructive behavior and suicide attempts was interviewed through 72 sessions of the psychoanalytic therapeutic interview by a trained and supervised ego-psychology oriented therapist. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively via reflective analysis. A modified investigators triangulation method was used for testing and maximizing the validity and reliability of the interviews.Results: The analysis of interviews revealed that the patient resorted to narcissistic defenses and mechanisms such as narcissistic identification and high ego ideal for dealing with frequent traumatic losses, and serious narcissistic assaults in her childhood. These narcissistic disturbances not only cussed melancholia by interfering and preventing the work of mourning but also lead to self-mutilation and self-destructive behavior.Conclusion: Narcissistic disturbances in melancholia might give the upper hand to death drive in preventing the work of mourning as normal and necessary emotional regulation process after a traumatic object loss and attacks object relations through disobjectalizing function. We argued that considering Narcissus as a melancholic and his death as a suicidal act is more productive in elaborating the interaction of narcissism and death drive.

Objective: The current study aimed to explore posttraumatic growth and its relationship with cognitive emotion regulation strategies among a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Shiraz.Methods: Ninety-two patients diagnosed with MS were recruited from the multiple sclerosis society in Shiraz in 2014 using convenience sampling method. The participants completed two research questionnaires including Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the data using SPSS version 16. Results: The data showed that a majority of patients with MS experienced some degree of posttraumatic growth. The participants scored high on the appreciation of life followed by spiritual change and personal strength. With regard to cognitive emotion regulation variables, only reappraisal (P<0.002) and positive refocusing (P<0.001) significantly predicted posttraumatic growth.Conclusion: Patients who used positive refocusing and reappraisal were more likely to experience posttraumatic growth.