Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2000 | Volume:9 | Issue:33-34|Papers Count:20

The curing of five medicinal plant extracts (Satureia hortensis, Gly cyrrhiza glabra, Teucrium Pallium, Myrtus Communis, Eukalypetus globolus) on plasmid bearing strains of klebsilla pnenmoniae resistance to multiple antibiotics were investigated.Alcoholic and maceration extraction were carried out from leaves, fruits or roots of the above plants. Mimimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each plant extract indicated that all of them have antimicrobial activity and were able to inhibit the growth of resistant strains of kleb. pneumoniae. Furthermore the eucalypetus extract had highest antimicrobial activity as compared to other plant extracts (avrage MIC 0.1mg/ml). At the same time the subinhibitory concentration (SIC) and minimum bactricidal conctration (MBC) activity of each plant extract was carried out in order to cure plasmids from plasmid bearing strains. Curing experiments were performed from SIC tubes which then diluted serially (10-2, 10-4, 10-6, 10-8) and 100 well isolated colonies were then master plated with sterile tooth pikes. The sensitivity of the strains treated with SIC of each plant extracts to ampicillin amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime indicated that there were no change in MIC of antibiotics compared to unexposed one.The morphological investigation with flouresent microscope (Nikon, optiphota-2) and capsule staining indicated that when cells treated with Myrtus Communis extract, the cells aggregated and change their morphology, similarly, production of cupsule was also lost. The agarose gel electrophoresis (0.7%) of the treated cells and untreated one and observation of the gel with U.V. gel documentation system indicated that there were any physical loss of plasmid band on the gel.Similarly, the synergistic action of plant extract and antibiotics were investigated and it was found that these was no synergy between the above plant extracts and antibiotics (MIC remained unchanged). From above data it could be concluded that the above plants extract though they have antibacterial activity they did not exert any curing effect on the plasmid bearing microorganisms isolated from hospitals in kerman Iran.

The increasing use of medical herbs and their products and the proof of mutagenicity and oncogenicity of some of their components justify more researches about these effects of herb products, The objective of the present study is to explore the cytogenetic toxicity of a product currently available in Iranian drug market called Antimigrin, One of the methods used for the study of mutagenicity is chromosomal analysis during metaphase in order to observe different types of chromosomal aberrations such as chromatid breaks, dicentric chromosomes and polyploidies. In the present study peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in RPMI- 1640 medium in the presence of a mitogenic agent, PHA, were exposed to different concentrations of the drug. The present results demonstrated that the antimigrin, significantly increased the frequency of aberrations compared with the controls.

Muscles have an important role in daily physical works and with increasing knowledge of them we could have appropriate physical position and achieving success in sports.The purpose of this research is to study of electromyographic changes of two abdominal muscle (Rectus abdominus and external oblique) in two kinds of sit- up in one minute. The subjects were 15 healthy students and non- athletic; that were chosen unrandomly from 400 students of high school.The 4- chanell physiograph (MKIII) recorded the MUP in one minute for rectus abdominus was m. 14. 23±2.24 and for External oblique m. 13.26±2.74 in suggested method but the MUP of the same muscle in common sit- up method was 13.71±3.36 and 13.23±2.38 respectively.The amplitude of spike in one minute for Rectus abdiminus m. was 171.12±33.72 µv and for external oblique m. was 148.3±24 µv in suggested method but the amplitude of spike of the same muscle sit- up was 136.73±27.47 µv and 153.8±23.46 µv repectively.

Regarding cellular immunity function and macrophage system in tuberculosis infection control and also tuberculosis high spread in Gilan province and as many studies about tuberculosis has done in chronic and acute progressive process. This study was examined thirty persons smear positive with clinical symptoms and recognition infections expert before Treatment.Tuberculosis patients who received corticosteroid and Immunosupresion drugs or they had another systemic disease and studies were not examined on them.The percent mean which resulted of each cellular surface marker were compared studied patients and PPD+ individuals without clinical symptoms with percent mean markers in healthy individuals. Statistical studies were showed significant increase in the number of PPD+ cells in patients ratio of (P<0.0001) normal and ratio of PPD+ (P<0.01) individuals and significant increase in CD16-56 Marker in patients ratio of (P<0.0001) normal individuals and significant increase in CD8 marker in patients ratio of (P<0.0001) normal individuals and ratio of PPD+ (P<0.01) individuals.Also, it showed significant decrease in PPD+ marker patients ratio of (P<0.01) normal individuals and CD25 patients ratio of (P<0.0001) normal individuals and PPD+ (P<0.02) individuals and meaningful decrease in CD3 marker patients ratio of (P<0.002) healthy individuals.Mean decrease was observed in CD14 marker (monocytic class), but it was not considerable and meaningful according to statistical studies.

The Purpose of this research was to study the effects of caffeine on the development of the palate. Since the development of palatal shelves from the 13th day starts by the growth of palatal shelves and the fusion of them occurs in the 16th day. After choosing wistar rat and coupling them monogamously, we determined pregnancy zero day and placed them in the control and test groups.A dose of 80 mg/kg caffeine (1%). In the 13th, 14th and 15th day of pregnancy was injected to the test group intraperitoneally and a dose of 80mglkg of physiological serum was injected to the control group in the same way in the 13th. 14th and 15th day of pregnancy. During the 16th to 19.5th day of pregnancy, every four hours a single group of test and control rats were victimized and their fetuses were separated from the pregnant rats by cesarean and were fixed separately in formalin and sectioned put 5micron thick. The study was completed by applying the following staining techniques: Feulgen, Toluidine blue, P.AS and H& E: the following result were obtained:Caffeine causes a delay in the fusion of the palatal shelves in the test group compared to control group: the average time of delay was about 32 hours.

C/S is a Large operation and is accompanied by injuries which don't happen in vaginal delivery. Infection is the most common morbidity after c/s and there are multiple factors interferes. In this prospective study 245 patient who had obstetrical indications for c/s were selected. They were divided into two groups according to the time of irrigation at time of operationsite. 125 patients (51 %) twice, 120 patients (49%)thrice. They were compared with each other based on risk factors which in ordered age, time of membrane rupture, times of vaginal examination, c/s cause, kind of abdominal incision, kind of uterine incision, operation duration. There was not significant difference between 2 groups according to mentioned factors. Finally there wasn't any difference in wound infection after discharge from hospital.

Surveillance is the ongoing process of collection, analyzing, interpreting and feedback of the health outcomes data.This health programme like every other programs should be assessed for improving. This study is performed in five provinces of Iran to assess the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance by the quantitative and qualitative methods. During the 3 years (1996- 1998) 275 of AFP was reported in these 5 provinces with a sensitivity of 0.57 to 3.33 and 77% of reported cases had two stool samples and.92% had 60 days follow up. Studying the last 15 cases in each province showed that the median time of case investigation after reporting was 5 to 17 days.Though there is a fairly good level of performance in this program in Iran it is recommended to assess regularly the program to improve it and help to poliomyelitis eradication in Iran.

Birth weight is one of the main factors in child's physical mental growth. L.B.W. causes increasing mortality rate disabilities and diseases in infant. Neonatal rate in L.B.W. occasionally infant with L.B.W. has forty fold of neonatal mortality rate in comparision with normal weight infants.The aim of this study is recognition of effective factors on birth weight and Evaluating the incidence of low birth weight and infant mortality rate.848 children who was born between 1990-1996 in Isfahan health center were selected and collected data analyses by spss program.In this survey there was a significant relation between maternal risk factor, degree of birth, birth interval and birth weight.Study showes significant relation between infant mortality and history of mothers disease like hypertension, Legs edema and health care in pregnancy duration.Data shows that maternal risk factors like mother's age in pregnancy, birth interval and history of mother's disease are important in L.B.W. Recognition and reduction of other risk factor's are necessary for health promotion.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the most common entrapment syndrome. Median-ulnar motor comparative technique with Median motor technique in carpal tunnel syndrome were studied.In 50 patients with 72 hands with clinically defined carpal tunnel syndrome and electrophysilogic evidence of Median neuropathy at wrist based upon a prolonged sensory nerve distal latency with 30 asymptomatic voluntaries underwent median-ulnar motor comparative technique and median motor technique testing protocol. Upper limit of normal for median-ulnar latency difference was 0.7ms. Diagnostic sensitivities were 90.3% for routine median motor technique and 94.5% for median-ulnar motor technique.This technique is easily performed-and require minimal effort to incorporate into commonly used technique routine. This may be advantageous when a concomitant polyneuropathy is present and this may also help avoid technical pitfalls and aid in identification of anatomic variants.

The FNA is simple, inexpensive, available and almost safe method for diagnosis of neck mass. The aim of this Research was to assess the result of FNA for diagnosis of this patients. For this purpose 129 patients who had Referred to Tutunkaran Hospital over a period of three years with complaints of one or more tumors in the neck or parotid region was selected. Full medical history was taken, complete physical examination was made and necessary para clinical studies were conducted and FNA was performed. Results were compared with those who had open incision biopsies. In 22 patients pus was drained out and diagnoses of abscess was made and duration of disease was established often pathological studies in remaining cases results of FNA were divided into three main group: I- Benign II- Malignant and III- Suspicious.In 62 Benign cases 6.4% was, false negative ,and in 12 malignant cases false positive was zero percent (of course, what is meant by benign in this study is inflammatory, congenital and neoplastic lesions with benign progress and what is meant by malignant lessions is neoplastic lesions with malignant progress) 33 patients were reported to be suspicious, among them 49% had benign changes and 51% had malignant changes. Accuracy was calculatively without suspicious cases 95% and 71% at all.Although the accuracy of FNA biopsy in this study was less than textbooks but because of simplicity, cheapness and safety of this method, use of FNA as the first diagnostic test for neck mass is recommended.

Thalassemia is a common genetic disease. Due to repeated blood transfusion and increasing iron load, deferoxamin is used in this illness. One of it's adverse effect is binding to zinc element, Regarding to effects of zinc on growth and development, when the patient's zinc hair was less than healthy person, it is concluded that with administration of zinc element, There was significant improvement on these patients growth.Mean hair zinc concentration in patient group was 112.7 ppm±53.11 and mean hair zinc concentration in control group was 149.6 ppm±72.2 (p< 0.5).Regarding to less hair zinc concentration in patients group than control and it's independency to deferoxamine, it seems there was another supplementation responsible for zinc deficiency and it is recommended to supply zinc in children diets or as a drug.

The present study was designed to assess the knowledge of medical interns about four common infectious diseases; tuberculosis, brucellosis, typhoid fever and dysentery. This cross sectional study was done in Shiraz in 1999 and 2000. 211 interns properly filled our questionnaire which was prepared about tuberculosis. brucellosis, typhoid fever and bloody diarrhea for evaluation of their knowledge about the mentioned infectious diseases. Then we analyzed the results with considering of some variables like sex of the respondent, the year of graduation and their medical schools (Shiraz, Fassa and Jahrom).The knowledge of interns about tuberculosis, typhoid fever and bloody diarrhea was not related with sex, the year of graduation or their medical schools. Only about brucellosis males responded better than females (p<0.02). But it wasn't related with other variables. Most of the interns had unfavorable level of knowledge about tuberculosis, brucellosis and typhoid fever and about half of them had unfavorable level of knowledge about bloody diarrhea. In comparison of knowledge of the respondents about each of the four diseases it was revealed that mean scores were 4.18 in tuberculosis. 2.14 in brucellosis, 3.21 in typhoid fever and 7.04 in bloody diarrhea, So their knowledge about these infections in decreasing order was about bloody diarrhea, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and brucellosis (p<0.0001). This order also was similar to the mean number of patients which were seen by interns in their clinical rotations [bloody diarrhea (16.04), tuberculosis (3.00) typhoid fever (1.36) and brucellosis (1.02)] (p<0.0001).The result of this study indicated that there is a deficiency in teaching the common infections diseases to medical interns and there is a need for revising the education program for training interns about these common and other outpatient diseases.

In spite of the cesarean section expense, mortality and morbidity is more than normal delivery.This study performed to determine prevalence of cesarean section and some determinant factors.In this cross sectional study information was consecutively collected from 500 deliveries with gestational age of more than 28 Weeks in Kerman Hospitals at Agust 1996.Prevalence of cesarean section was 37.6% with mean maternal age 26.8±6.1 years, mean education 9.1±4.3 classes, mean .previous pregnancies 2.5±1.7, mean gestational age 39.2±1.7 weeks and Birth weight 3158±523 grams.There were significant statistical relationship between rate of cesarean section rates and number of previous cesarean section, number of prenatal care (P<0.01), presentation, visit by midwife, labour pain, cephalopelvic disproportion (C.P.D.), tobectomy after delivery, mother's offer for cesarean section (P<0.001) and age of marriage (P<0.05).Results showed that cesarcan section prevalence in this study was more than reports of other countries and other studies in Iran, it related to many factors that could be reduced by making proper management.

Cardiac glycosides have been used in the management of heart failure for more than 200 years and remain the only drug currently available for Long- term ambulatory use that have positive inotropic effect.The relatively narrow therapeutic- index of cardiac glycosides renders them particularly difficult to use, and the clinician should have a detailed understanding of the actions and pharmacokinetics of one drug of this class, such as digoxin. The Purpose of this study was determination of frequency of abnormal digoxin level in patients who was taking this drug. We studied SDC (Serum Digoxin Concentration) of Patients referred to nuclear medicine department of Dr. Heshmat hospital inpatients or outpatients status from 1995 to 1999. Digoxin serum concentration were measured using radioimmunoassay technique. Data were analyzed by using chi- square test.668 (69.5%) of 960 Patients had SDC out of therapeutic range. Elevated SDC (>2ng/ml) occurred in 202 (21%) Patients, but 466 (48.5%) had SDC below therapeutic range (<1.1 ng/ml). There was not significant difference between sex and age with SDC (P>0.05).Comparison With Pervious studies, our research showed much more abnormal SDCs.

Thalassemia is a genetic hemoglobinopaty. The attitude and knowledge of couple at the stage of marriage has an important role in prevention of that. The objective of this study was to determine the attitude and knowledge of couple at stage of marriage in relation to the necessary of consulting program, prevention and the nature of thalassemia in Babol.A cross-sectional study of 268 couples (536 subjects) at the stage of marriage was conducted in consulting center of thalassemia in Amirkola-Babol in 2000. The data was collected with interviewing of the couple using a questionaire. In the statistical anlysis, chisquare test was used.The findings show that 80.7% of men and 86.2% of women at the stage of marriage know thalassemia. The most source of their information (64%) was radio and television. The most of subject (85,5% of men and 83.6% of women) have a positive attitude with respect to the necessary of consulting before marriage. In general, there is no significant difference between the knowledge of men and women (P>0.05) but the rate of knowledge and positive attitude with respect to the prevention of thalassemia was significantly increased in urban area and higher levels of education (P<0.01). The results indicates that the attitude and knowledge of couple about prevention of Thalassemia was increased in the recent years using communication systems. The more extensive education program with continuing is necessary for promotion of prevention of thalassemia.

Cyclic mastalgia presentated with cyclic and regular recurence of breast pain and swelling in luteal phase of mensturation. This symptom associates with phobia in women and increasing unnecessary clinical adlnissions and interacts with social activities and familial communications. The object of this study was determination of prevalence of this symptom in reproductive age women in Rasht (center of Guilan province in northern Iran) and assessing the relation of it with three demographic variables, age, marriage status and employment outside the house.Our study population was 15-42 years women of Rasht city. Sampling method was clustering based on random event. A questionnaire was filled through direct interview at subjects home. We used simple chi square and Mantel-Haenzel weighted chi square with α= 0.05 for analysing the data. Prevalence of cyclic mastalgia in our sample (sample size: 1000 person) was 23.8%. (CI: 21.2% -26.4%).This symptom was more common after age of 30 (P<0.01), in marriaged women (p<0.05) and employed women (p<0.01) using simple chi square test. The difference of prevalences between employed and nonemployed women remain significant by weighting about other two factors. (OR: 1.76 CI: 1.28-2.42). Relation of other two factor and cyclic mastalgia didn't remain significant after weighting for employment outside the house.In conclusion employment outside the house is a related factor with cyclic mast algin and this relation is not because of age increasing and marriage status (and therefore pariety).

Numerous factors have been implicated as determinants of prematurity and low birth weight, including maternal diseases, placenta insufficiency, uterous abnormality, maternal addiction, prenatal care and etc.To determinant of prematurity in Gorgan city, we studied 450 neonates was borned in Dezyani hospital during six months (winter 1998until spring 1999) and divided them into two groups: Case group (150 premature neonates) and control group (300 term infants). Information data about sex, type of delivery, maternal diseases, placenta problems, uterine abnormality, previous history of abortion and infertility in mothers, maternal addiction, duration of previous pregnancyin mother and prental care were filled in questionaire. We observed in our case group, previous maternal systemic disease (hypertension, ecclampsia, infection disease) 5.2 time, previous abortion and infertility 2.5 times and finally maternal addiction 3 times more than control group (p<0.01).The mothers of our case group had prenatal care less than the control group. Preterm labor had high incidence in mothers with pregnancy distance below than 2 years. We observed no significant relation between sex and prematurity.