FINDINGS SCIENCE
Year:2011 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Forecasting appropriate time for cultivation after salt leaching in saline soils is considered as a fundamental element in sustainable production in natural resources management. The aim of this study is to develop an artificial neural network in combination with laboratory physical model to precisely estimate required leaching time before cultivation phase. To achieve this objective, soil samples from field were ordered in to cylinders in the laboratory as same as soil profile in the field. Process of salt leaching was carried out and time series of electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in collected drainage water. Parameters in the neural network were trained and predictions were validated. The results indicate that the developed ANN is capable of predicting required time for salt leaching accurately with an error of less than 0.0001 minute from observations.

Iranian Aluminium Company (IRALCO) situated in northeastern region of Arak and emitted fluorides in the environment. In this research vegetation of the factory area were studied. 90 plant spices from 83 genera in 28 families were determined and identified. The plant responses to fluoride pollutant were examined. Determination of fluoride in 8 legume plant species (Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Cercis siliquastrum L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Medicago sativa L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) lam., Robinia peseudoacacia L., Sophora alopecuroides L. and Trifolium repens L.) from the factory area was performed using potentiometric method with fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE). Controls were from 10 Km distance of the factory. Results showed the most studied plants were resistant or insensitive against fluoride. High Fl concentrations were observed in all of polluted legumes compared to control samples that Medicago sativa L. had the highest Fl concentration.

Department of biology, Rodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rodehen, Iran The genus Teucium L. (Lamiaceae) consists of 340 annual and perennial species, of which 12 are endemic in Iran. T.polium L. with common Persian name of Kalporeh has been used in folk medicine of Iran as antiflammatory, antispasmodic, carminative and sedative. Infusion of flowers was used for treating heart in traditional medicine. Aerial parts of T.polium were collected in full flowering stage from two different localities; Jeroft (Kerman province) and Jahrom (Fars province). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC- MS instruments. Antibacterial activities of the oils were evaluated by disk diffusion method. MIC values were measured by microdilution broth susceptibility assay. The essential oils yield of Jeroft and Jahrom were 1.5 and 1.2 % (W/V) based on dry weight of plants. Respectively. Thirty and Twenty components were identified in the oil samples which constituted 97.4 and 95.2 % of the total oils. Respectively. In the oil obtained from 1, 8 cineol (38.7%), a- pinene (11.8%), b- caryophellene(11.1%) and caryophellen oxide (11.6%)were found as the major components. From Jahrom sample 1, 8 cineol (40.1%) and b- caryophellene (13.7%), were characterized as the main compounds. The essential oil tested on the seven bacteria showed moderate antibacterial activity. The differences observed in essential oil composition of two studied samples could be attributed to their different ecological, geographical and edaphical origin factors. The moderate antibacterial activity of the oils could be associated with the present of the 1, 8- cineol.

Stress is a natural response of species to internal or external stimulates. reaction of immune system against stressors is a part of organism ability to stand against environmental challenges. in order that way of evaluation in Iranian universities depends on written exams with high level of stress, so in this research effects of exams stress on immune system of students determined.This study was cross-sectional. Sample of this study include 34 female students and 16 male student of university of medicine and science university of Islamic Azad university of Arak. Students whom got 25 -46 score from stress questionnaire at the beginning of semester, were tested for blood immunoglobulin such as IgM-IgA-IgG and c3, c4 complements in laboratory, by neflometric and ELFA methods. Above analysis were repeated at the final exams and compare with first measurement.There are significant difference between levels of IgM, IgE, C4 at the beginning of semester and final exam. (p=0.01, 0.001 and 0.03 respectively)C4 and IgE level were increase in the final exam, but IgM level were decrease in final exam, so another ways for examination could be safer and less stressful for replacing stressful written exam.

At present herb are considerably used to decrease symptoms of drug withdrawal syndrome and facilitate the withdrawal process. Since Tanacetum parthenium has anti-pain effects, the goal of this research is studying acute effects of hydroacoholic extract of Tanacetum on morphine withdrawal signs in the adult male mice.In this research adult male mice NMRI (n=40 and 30gr), with weight limitation 30±2 gr, were divided into two original group; witness (saline) and morphine. The morphine group has 4 sub- groups their received different doses of Tanacetum and its solvent. The morphine group in chronic method, during three days and each day 3 times with 6 hours intervals received doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively and at the fourth day it received 40 mg/kg morphine one time as subcutaneous (S.C). The witness group also received only Saline with the same size during received the time. In all groups to infuse withdrawal syndrome, 3 hours after the last morphine injection, a dose of naloxone 5 mg/kg was injected into introperitoneal (i.p).Three sub groups of morphine 30 minutes before naloxone injection, the hydroacoholic extract of Tanacetum (code taken by herbarium of university) with doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally. The control –group received solvent (saline).In all groups after naloxone injection, it was studied the morphine withdrawal signs, including jumping, standing on two feet, climbing along a wall and putting lose weight for half hour.After recording all data, statistical analysis based on comparison of averages and one-way ANOVA test were implemented as well as Tukey test.Results showed in rats receiving hydroalchoholic extract of Tanacetum the morphine withdrawal signs were significantly decreased.This is probably due to the opioid- like effects of hydroalchoholic extract of Tanacetum.

In present study the effects of electromagnetic fields B=1.6, 3.2mT was considered during 6 hours that derived from DC current with 50Hz frequency and some physiological and biochemical activity were considered during this stress and the amount of changes indicated in compare to control. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and carotenoid decreased in static electromagnetic fields 1.6mT in comparison with control. The amount of carbohydrate in static electromagnetic fields 1.6mT and the amount of parietin in static electromagnetic fields 3.2mT increased in comparison with control. The results indicated that the different durations of 50Hz frequency cause significant changes in physiological characteristics of lichens.

Camphor is a plant from Lauraceae family that has many physiology effects. Investigations have shown that this plant has probably impression on controlling of sexual power.In this investigation, camphor’s effect on pituitary-gonad hormonal axis and spermatogenesis procedure has been worked out. Investigated parameters are the numbers of leydig cells, sperm and testosterone concentration, LH and FSH. We use 36 adult male mice with average weight of 34±1 gr and age of 10 weeks. The animals divided to 9 groups with 4 animals in each group. The control group received no injection. The sham group received olive oil as camphor’s dissolver. The treatment animals received camphor solution in concentration of 5, 20 and 50 mg/kg (b.w) each amount 0.02 cc intraperitioneally for 2 weeks. Treatment group were sacrificed 1 day after the last injection and the post-treatment group 1 week after that. After injection, the animals were weighed sectioning. The results show significant increase at P<0.05 in the number of leydig cells and sperm and concentration of testosterone and LH in treatment animals than control animals. Thus due to increase of the mentioned hormones and the number of leydig cells and sperm it is concluded that camphor has stimulating effects on spermatogenesis and causes increasing of that.