Journal of Medical Council of Iran
Year:2009 | Volume:27 | Issue:2|Papers Count:15

Background: One of the most important criteria tobs rated as excellent universities is the number of the researches done. So researches and studies are vital for improvement.Methods: This is a descriptive study that was done in 1386. The sample of study was 132 Educational boards of Iran University that were selected at random (stratified method). The tool of study was a questionnaire in two sections. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was examined. The findings analyzed by SPSS software.Results: the findings showed that important problems primarily was inadequacy of budget, and secondly insufficient knowledge of managers about research problems, and in tertiary step insufficient shortage of equipments were verified.Conclusion: the findings showed that manager should pay attention specially to research and its problems in universities and encourage personnel to research and study.

Background: Jejunostomy is a common route for enteral nutrition in patient s with upper gastrointestinal (hypopharynx-esophagus) surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the starting time of feeding through jejunostomy with this resulting complications and suggesting a new guideline to reduce complications of the procedure.Methods: In a clinical trial study in Amir-Alam hospital patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancy underwent jejunostomy in a 3 year- period. The patients divided in two groups and complication rates compared feeding through jejunostomy group (A) 6 hours after the main surgery and group (B) 3 days after the main procedure. Ninety patients (41 male, mean age: 55 yr of age ranging 20-90yr) with upper gastrointestinal malignancy were recruited.Results: In each group twenty seven (30%) of the patients did not complain of any side effect during enteral nutrition .The complications of jejunostomy procedure in group (A) 6 hours and in group (B) 3 days after the main surgery was seen in 12/37 (32%) and 13/53 (24%) of the patients respectively. Significantly higher incidence of abdominal distention and fever was observed in group (A) patients who underwent enteral nutrition through jejunostomy 6 hours after the main surgery, compared to group (B) (P=0.001) and (P=0.001), respectively. No significant differences in other complications were observed between the two groups.Conclusion: Feeding through jejunostomy 3 days after the main surgical procedure shows lower adverse effect and because of its well toleration in upper gastrointestinal tract and hypopharyngeal cancer, this method is recommended for enteral nutrition in these patients.

Background: Physicians have an important role addressing the disasters and most of the times they are the first to attend triage scene and emergency departments. Since Iran is one of the countries in which natural disasters are common self reliance and confidence in disaster management are of special importance.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 100 General physicians and 100 residents working in hospitals in some specialized fields related to Emergency conditions were enrolled randomly. They completed checklists about their disaster management knowledge and confidence building level. Data were analyzed via SPSS 11.Results: Knowledge of General physicians and residents was as follows, about disaster (29%), scene triage (21%), hospital disaster teams (12%) and tasks (11%) the enrolled physicians didn't show sufficient abilities in addressing the disasters and their activities were limited to study (27%), participation in seminars and congresses (4%), and confidence abilities (6%) in disaster conditions. The majority of them (88%) knew that basic and advanced disaster educational courses are necessary for physicians.Conclusion: Disaster training for physicians in under and postgraduate levels are not enough. Therefore considering the low knowledge and abilities of physicians in Iran it's seems that holding advanced disaster courses should be included in physicians training programs.

Background: vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a fairly common disorder in infants. Children with VUR frequently demonstrate various gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss. These symptoms similarly may present in gastrointestinal diseases like gastroesophageal reflux (GER). It is thought that some children are prone to have both conditions. This study was done to investigate the coexistence of VUR and GER in infants with urinary tract infection.Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on all infants under 12 months old with urinary tract infection who were admitted to Tehran Mofid hospital during one year (Nov 2007- Nov 2008). In all of these infants, we performed voiding cystoureterography (VCUG) to investigate VUR and gastric sonography to assess GER. We used questionnaires to assess our variables. Collected data were analized by SPSS ver 13 software and frequency tables and independent T test and Chi-square.Results: Among 43 infants with urinary tract infection, who performed VCUG and gastric sonography, the prevalence of VUR was 55.8% and the prevalence of GER was 48.8%. The coexistence of both conditions was found in 39.5%. No significant difference was found between coexistence of these disorders with presenting symptoms, sex, weight, type of microorganisms, type of feeding and grade of reflux.Conclusion: The coexistence of VUR and GER is common. Therefore in an infant with VUR who remains symptomatic in spite of treatment, the possibility of GER should be considered and evaluation for diagnosis and treatment of GER might be done.

Background: Iranian Tissue Bank prepares a wide range of human tissue homografts such as; Heart valve, Bone, Skin, Amniotic membrane and other tissues for different clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HTLV in tissue donors from 2001 to 2006 in Iranian Tissue Bank/Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: 1548 tissue donors were studied during a 5-year period by ELISA assays. HTLV1,2 – antibodies were tested on all donors along with other tests upon American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) standards.Results: 25 (1.61%) out of 1548 tissue donors were HTLV positive. 17 donors were male and 8 donors were female. Female to male ratio was approximately 47%.Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of HTLV among tissue donors and importance of cell and tissue safety and quality assurance, we recommend that all cell and tissue banks should be involved with serological and other complementary tests such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for HTLV.

Background: It is well documented that children exhibit a high prevalence and incidence of otitis media. Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) offer great potential for clinical testing of cochlear function in children. The aim of the present study was to determine the applicability of OAEs to assess hearing acuity in children with acute otitis media who were scheduled for middle ear treatment.Methods: In an analytic cross-sectional design, 54 children with acute otitis media were evaluated by pure tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). PTA thresholds and, DPOAE amplitudes and signal to noise ratios were compared before and after treatment course. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.Results: Air conduction thresholds were significantly different from post-treatment thresholds (p<0.05). We found significant differences between pre treatment and post- treatment DPOAE amplitude and signal to noise ratios at 500 Hz - 5000 Hz (p<0.05). Although we found any air-bone gap in 10 patients after treatment course, but DPOAEs were seriously affected in these patients.Conclusion: Acute otitis media can be monitored by DPOAE measurement pre- and post-treatment. In addition, DPOAE is more sensitive than pure tone audiometry for assessment of these subjects.

Background: cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in the world and mutation has an important role in etiology of cancer (approximately 90% of mutagens are carcinogen). Therefore Lab assistances that are working with mutagenic agents such as: Benzene, Xylazine and Formaldehyde for long period of time may be exposed to overload of these carcinogens. In Previous study, Muatgenicity test on urine sample of laboratory pathology technician of Tehran university medical sciences determined mutagenic agent’s activity. In regards to results, Mutagenicity assay was considered on forensic medicine laboratory of Tehran.Methods: Urine samples were collected at the end of the work shift and then were extracted by c18 column for the maximum concentration of pollutants. Then extracts were tested by TA100 and TA98 standard strains as well both with and without metabolic activator.Results: Levels of toxicity and mutagen city were detected by TA98 strain with activator in two personnel of pathology lab.Conclusion: Our result shows that forensic medicine pathology lab. worker have the same risk of cancer as the TUMS pathology lab. personals. I loecause smoking and other confounding factories not recorder false positive result is probably disregarded in this study.

Background: suicide is a serious public health problem in many regions of Iran such as Kermanshah province.Objective(s): to determine the incidence of suicide & its trend among Kermanshah rural population and factors affecting it.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we investigated all cases of attempted completed suicide cases over a period of 7 years (2000-2006). There were a total 239 cases. We recorded data on age, job groups, sex, season, applied methods for suicide and its consequences.Results: The findings showed that the incidence rate of suicide was 22 per 100000. 68.8% of cases were females. The most job group in female house wives were amage the job groups with (98.2%) and in males were those whose jobs were related to agriculture and animal husbandry with (31.4%). In both genders, the 20-29y age group accounted for most cases (45.2%). The seasonal patterns of suicides were different for males and females, in women the most cases were occurred in spring (33.5%) and in men in autumn (33.3%). The study indicates that the main suicide method in women was self-burning (65.8%) and for men were poisoning and hanging (29.3% for each of them). The Suicide consequences were as followed: 89.1 percent were died, 8.8 percent were recovered and 1.3 percent was disabled. 87.8 percent of women and 92 percent of men, who were studied, had killed themselves successfully.Conclusion: Suicide study in rural aveas of kermanshah shows that suicide attempts have had a declining trend with in the years of 79-85 which is due to the implementation of the health programs and interventions by the PHC system of the city. High rate of suicide attempts in taval aveas of kermanshah compared to national suicide rate should be a warning to the rational and local authorities. It should are quite different form that of the country. This study also revealed that the percentage of the successful suicide ottempts amony the ruval women and men in different seasons are quite different from the mothads adapted in the world.

Some of liver diseases and failures can cause death. Currently liver transplantation is the only-treatment for these patients. Bioartificial liver (BAL) system is an attractive maintenance modalily for the treatment of hepatic patient’s complications. Extensive studies have been performed for increasing BAL efficacy. This article will review the recent progress in developing three major components of BAL systems: Bioreactor, matrix, and cell source.

Fascioliasis is a parasitic Hepatobilliary disease caused by most prevalent Fasciola Hepatica Trematoda. This illness occurs worldwide in all age group and race.Incidence of infection has increased over the past 20 years. An estimated 180 million cases have been at risk of infection and 2.4 million cases have infected, world wide.Northern of Guilan has been in the high prevalent region of this infection.In Guilan province, 10000-15000 cases in 1368 and, 30000 cases in 1387; the second peak of infection prevalence, affected.In chronic Fascioliasis infection that doesn't treat in human, complication of disease manifests with iron deficiency anemia, billiary obstruction and collangitis or portal fibrosis. Extra Hepatic manifestation among them, pleura Pericarditis, meningitis, Lymphadenopathy.