FARAYANDNO
Year:2025 | Volume:19 | Issue:88|Papers Count:6

In this research, polymeric membrane with high chemical and mechanical properties was prepared for CO2 separation using biodegradble material. To this end, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was synthesized from its raw materials and then was blended with polylactic acid (PLA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile analysis were used to assess the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the membranes. These analyses confirmed the chemical structure of the TPU and blends and observed that in the TPU-20%, the degree of crystallization reduced and the glass transition temperature is increased. It was also found that with the addition of PLA, the Tensile strength and Elongation at break increased. The optimum permeability was observed in TPU-20% (80 Barrer) and the better selectivity was obtained in TPU-30% (310). Ultimately, this study yielded a biodegradable membrane exhibiting excellent CO2 separation capabilities.

This study investigates the application of W3O10-LECA@OH (functionalized LECA-tungsten oxide) as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques including XRD, FESEM, FTIR, TEM, and BET-BJ. The characterization results showed that functionalizing LECA with OH groups increased the active surface area and achieved W3O10 loading. The W3O10(0. 3)-LECA@OH catalyst had a pore volume of 0. 0256 cm3/g, an average pore diameter of 9. 6 nm, and FESEM and TEM analysis showed good dispersion of the W3O10 active phase on the LECA@OH surface. Under the catalyst conditions of 3 wt% catalyst loading, 95 °C temperature, 2 h time, and 20 mol ratio of methanol to oil, this catalyst achieved 91. 28% conversion.

The synergistic technique of nanoparticles, low salinity water and surfactant represents a promising and innovative strategy for enhancing oil recovery and preventing the deposition of asphaltenes. In this study, the applications and advantages of the aforementioned technique are studied. Additionally, the mechanisms of oil displacement, field applications, economic considerations, and future research directions are presented. The findings indicate that the simultaneous use of nanoparticles, low salinity water, and surfactants can significantly reduce costs while enhancing recovery rates by altering wettability to a hydrophilic state, preventing the migration of fine rock particles, and decreasing surfactant adsorption on the rock surface. By employing this technique, the interfacial tension and wettability can be reduced to 0. 99 mN/m and 22°, respectively. Furthermore, this technique effectively addresses the challenges related to the asphaltene deposition by dispersing asphaltene molecules within the porous media. Investigations have demonstrated that concentration is a critical factor, therefore, concentrations exceeding 0. 2 wt% of nanoparticles are rarely recommended. Future research should focus on exploring the synergy between surfactants/low-salinity water and nanoparticles such as silica, aluminum oxide, and graphene oxide. The results reported in this study can assist researchers in selecting the optimal synergistic combinations for enhanced oil recovery tests, thereby minimizing the detrimental effects of incompatibilities while increasing recovery rates.

Zeolites, as acidic catalysts, play a pivotal role in enhancing the selectivity, efficiency, and stability of carbon dioxide (CO₂) conversion reactions. This study evaluates the performance of various zeolites in transforming CO₂ into dimethyl ether (DME), light olefins, hydrocarbons, and aromatic compounds. Results demonstrate that ZSM-5 zeolites, with their medium pore structure and strong acidity, achieve over 80% selectivity for aromatic production. H-MOR zeolites exhibit high thermal stability and hybrid catalytic activity, enabling 74% selectivity for DME synthesis. Modification of zeolites with transition metals (e.g., Fe, Zn, Ga, Cu) significantly improves CO₂ conversion to aromatics; Fe₂O₃/KO₂-modified ZSM-5 enhances aromatic selectivity to 74.3%. Additionally, SAPO-34 combined with palladium under high-pressure conditions (50 bar, 350°C) achieves 40% CO₂ conversion to propane. Key factors influencing catalytic performance include the Si/Al ratio, metal doping strategies, and synthesis methods. These findings underscore the potential of zeolites as tunable catalysts for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and producing value-added chemicals in energy and chemical industries.

This research was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of Irganox 1076 antioxidant in enhancing the impact strength of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer. Specifically, the study focused on ABS grade SD-0150, a product of Tabriz Petrochemical Company, which served as the base polymer. Irganox 1076 was strategically incorporated into the polymer matrix, functioning as both an impact modifier and a heat stabilizer, with the aim of improving the material's overall performance. To comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant's influence on the polymer's properties, a series of ABS/Irganox 1076 blends were meticulously prepared. These blends were then subjected to a battery of characterization tests, including the determination of melt flow index (MFI), Vicat softening temperature, and Izod impact strength. All experimental results were rigorously compared against the properties of the pristine ABS-SD0150, establishing a baseline for analysis. Furthermore, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, a sophisticated machine learning tool, was employed to model the collected experimental data. This computational approach facilitated the prediction of blend properties, offering insights beyond direct experimental measurements. The results of this study conclusively demonstrated that the incorporation of Irganox 1076 led to a significant improvement in the physical properties of ABS. Notably, the blend containing 2% by weight of Irganox 1076 exhibited markedly enhanced thermal stability, a critical factor for many applications. Additionally, the polymer's inherent resistance to environmental stress, was also substantially improved. These findings underscore the potential of Irganox 1076 as an effective additive for enhancing the performance characteristics of ABS polymers.

Based on the design of boilers in the most optimal operating mode, the percentage of energy losses, has a strong impact on the efficiency of these equipment. By identifying the sources of energy losses and finding solutions to reduce fuel consumption and save energy, an important step can be taken to improve the efficiency of boilers. In this research, the thermal performance and operational efficiency of the boilers of the Isfahan refinery are studied. The ASME PTC4 is the reference code for boiler performance testing, which accurately determines the performance of boilers based on their technical and operating specifications. The sources of heat losses in the boiler assembly are identified and significant losses are specifically investigated to propose the solution. To reduce the remarkable losses and increase the boiler efficiency, installing an economizer to use the heat available in the boiler stack to heat the boiler inlet water, is recommended.