Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2020 | Volume:44 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Oral health education is helpful in basic health services and screening. Therefore, it is important to select the most effective educational strategy for transferring knowledge and health skills. Regarding the potential of teach Back method to change the behavior, the current study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of this educational method on oral health indicators, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors. Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on female high school students in 2019. 70 students were randomly selected and then randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, educational program was presented in 4 sessions of individual education based on feedback method. . . Data were collected in two phases using demographic information form, self-care behaviors questionnaire, self-efficacy scale for oral health behavior, PBI index for assessment of Papillary Bleeding Index and Quigely Hein index for dental plaque. Data were analyzed through using descriptive and analytic statistic such as Independent– t test and paired t-test in SPSS 22. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic variables Comparison the mean score of dental plaque and Papillary Bleeding showed the significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 001) Paired t-test showed that in the intervention group, dental indicators was significantly improved and in control group score of Papillary Bleeding (P=0. 002) and dental plaque (P<0. 001) was significantly increased. Mean scores of total self-care behaviors (P<0. 001) and self-efficacy (P=0. 00) was significantly increased after the intervention in intervention group Conclusion: Teach Back method was effective in improving students' oral health, self-care, and self-efficacy indices. Teach Back method improve students' self-care and promote self-efficacy and oral health indicators. It is recommended to apply this model as a community-based approach to improve the self-care behaviors and oral health indicators.

Introduction: Nanosilver particles have the potential to serve as bactericidal agent because of the antimicrobial influences of silver ion. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of nanosilver against two dental plaque microorganisms, namely Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Materials and Methods: Initially, growth inhibition zone test was performed in brain heart infusion agar medium using Cup-plate method. Subsequently, microdilution method was utilized to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). Furthermore, the kinetics of bacterial death was assessed by the Time-Kill Test in different time points (i. e., 30, 60, and 120 sec, as well as 5 min). In addition, the effect of these microorganisms was investigated on the formation of the bacterial biofilms using the tissue Culture Plate Method (TCP). Results: The results of the t-test indicated that chlorhexidine (120 μ g/ml) and nanosilver (200 μ g/ml) had the same antimicrobial effect on S m, whereas chlorhexidine was more effective against Aa (P<0. 0001). The MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles were 3. 90 and 3. 90 μ g/ml for Sm and 6. 5 and 13. 01 μ g/ml for Aa. The kinetics of bacterial death evaluation demonstrated that in both tested bacteria, the antimicrobial agents were able to reduce microorganism populations regarding 6 algorithmic cycles significantly after 30 sec of the contact with the antibacterial agent. The t-test statistical analysis showed no significant difference between nanosilver and chlorhexidine groups regarding the biofilm decreasing percentage for Sm and Aa (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Nanosilver had rapid and significant antibacterial effects against dental plaque microorganisms. It is also very effective in inhibiting biofilm formation in two bacterial species in in vitro condition.

Introduction: Atypical Facial Pain (AFP) refers to the sensation of pain in oral mucosa without any visible mucosal lesions and can be diagnosed during a clinical examination. Doctors who are not aware of AFP do not take the symptoms seriously and consider it as an unrealistic feeling. The ignorance of doctors in this regard increases anxiety and the sense of pain in patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 47 eligible patients with AFP who were similar to the control group regarding their age and gender. The Holmes-Rahe stress inventory and the complaint registration form were used to collect the required data which were used to compare the frequency of complaints and the type and severity of stressful events. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square, Mann– Whitney, multiple regression, and logistic tests. Moreover, a p-value of 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the findings, 80. 9% of the patients complained of non-dental pain. The results of the Mann-Whitney test revealed no significant difference between the case and control groups regarding the severity of pain (P=0. 251). Moreover, the results of the Chi-square test indicated that the duration of pain complaints had a significant difference in the two groups (P=0. 004). Furthermore, a comparison of stressful life events revealed that the death of a spouse or a family member, changes in lifestyle (e. g., change of location, activities, diet, sleeping habits, and responsibilities), and changes in living conditions and financial status were the cause of stress in 12. 7%, 17. 02%, and 14. 58% of cases in the control group. In addition, the results of the t-test showed that the level of stress was significantly higher in the case group, compared to the control group (P=0. 032). Conclusion: Based on the findings, there was a significant difference between the patients with AFP and other patients referring to the clinic of Zahedan dental school, regarding the frequency of complaints as well as the type and severity of stressful events.

Introduction: All dental alloys release some elements into the oral cavity which may have negative effects on body cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of base metal and noble alloys on the survival rate of human gingival fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the study, fibroblasts were isolated from healthy human gingival tissue during crown lengthening surgery. In the third passage, fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of two base metal alloys (i. e., VeraBond 2, Commend) and two noble alloys (i. e., Degubond 4, Pal Kermit 2). To ensure the repeatability of the results, at least six samples of each material were prepared (n=18) and the survival rate of fibroblasts was evaluated using the MTT assay after 9 and 15 days. The collected data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using the ANOVA test. Results: According to the findings, the alloy type, alloy concentration, and the duration affected the remaining-cell ratio. The most and least remaining cells were observed in the presence of Degubond 4 and VeraBond 2 alloys, respectively. Moreover, the average percentage of the remaining cells at the concentration of 20 was significantly more than that at the concentration of 60 which was, in turn, more than that at the concentration of 100. Besides, the average percentage of the remaining cells in Degubond 4 and Commend on day 9 of the research was significantly more than that on day 15. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in Pal Kermit 2 and VeraBond 2 on days 9 and 15 of the research. Conclusion: VeraBond 2 base metal alloy decreases the survival rate of fibroblasts, based on the concentration, significantly more than the other alloys. Degubond 4 noble alloy has significantly the lowest negative effect on the survival rate of fibroblasts. Therefore, given the average percentage of the remaining cells, VeraBond 2 alloy has mild toxicity, and the other ones are biocompatible.

Introduction: In addition to dental problems, the increase in the average age of the population causes various diseases which affect the oral mucosa of the elderly, The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral lesions and the related risk factors in the elderly residing in nursing homes in Bandar Abbas in 2018, Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 68 elderly people residing in nursing homes in Bandar Abbas in 2018, The obtained data were recorded in a checklist and analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests, Results: Out of 68 elderly subjects, 42 (61, 8%) cases were men and 26 (38, 2%) were women, and the mean age was reported as 70, 59 years, Oral lesions were observed in 69, 1% of the subjects, The most observed lesions were pigmentation (42, 6%) and the most common sites of lesions were gingiva and alveolar ridge (31, 7%), Furthermore, a significant relationship was detected between the presence of oral lesions and smoking (P= 0, 034), Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of oral lesions in the elderly who were investigated in the current study suggested the need for more serious follow-up and dental examinations in this population,

Introduction: Periodontitis is considered an important oral health issue, that may affect systemic health and quality of life of the patients. The effects of its treatment on improving the mental health and quality of life of patients is an important issue needing further evaluations. This study was designed to investigate the changes in oral health related quality of life of the patients with periodontal disease after the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, a total of 60 patients who only needed periodontal phase I treatment (i. e., nonsurgical treatment) were enrolled. For each patient, the Oral Impact on Daily Performance questionnaire (OIDP) was completed before and 1 month after scaling and root planning. The index scores were measured and compared, and their relations with the age, gender, and type of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results: The Results showed that the quality of life improved in patients with the periodontal disease after the nonsurgical phase of periodontal therapy. Also, it was observed that changes in the patients' quality of life had no relevance to the type of the investigated periodontal diseases (i. e., generalized chronic gingivitis and generalized mild chronic periodontitis). Regarding the gender and age of the patients, there was no significant difference in the level of changes in the quality of life related to oral health. Conclusion: According to the obtained results of this study, it was shown that periodontal disease can have an important impact on the patients' quality of life, and nonsurgical periodontal treatment can improve quality of life related to oral health and daily performance of patients.

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the tooth that is caused by microorganisms. Nowadays, the role of inflammatory mediators has been shown in innate and acquired immunity in periodontitis, and some of them play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study aimed to determine and compare the concentration of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin-1 beta in the saliva of healthy subjects and patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical design. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 45 subjects, including healthy individuals (n=15), and the patients with periodontitis (n=15) and gingivitis (n=15). Subsequently, the level of TNF-α and interleukin-1 beta were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 11) through ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was a significant difference among the three groups regarding the mean concentration of interleukin-1 beta and TNF-α (P<0. 001). Healthy subjects exhibited significantly lower concentration of TNF-α , compared to those with gingivitis. Moreover, the patients with gingivitis showed lower concentration of TNF-α , compared to the group with chronic periodontitis (P<0. 001). Regarding the concentration of interleukin-1 beta, healthy subjects exhibited significantly lower concentration in this regard, compared to those with chronic periodontitis (P<0. 001). Furthermore, the group with chronic periodontitis obtained lower level of this value, compared to the group with gingivitis (P<0. 001). Additionally, there was a direct and significant relationship between IL-1 and TNF-α concentration in patients with gingivitis (P=0. 03 and r=0. 354) and all the subjects (P<0. 001 and r=0. 556). Conclusion: The levels of TNF-α and interleukin-1 beta in saliva increased during periodontal disease, compared to healthy conditions.

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a new imaging technique that uses cone-shaped beams. This technique has been widely accepted in dental radiology. The CBCT is used by many dentists as the preferred imaging method, along with other commonly used methods for dental implants, orthodontics, and endodontics. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of CBCT application among dental students in Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 189 undergraduate students and 19 postgraduate students participated in this study. In the current study, a 16-item questionnaire was used as the main tool for assessing the students' levels of knowledge of the CBCT application. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sources, authoritative scientific articles, and opinions of experts and dental professors. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 75) were used. Moreover, necessary corrections were made in the questionnaire. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS software, t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: According to the obtained results, the knowledge level of the postgraduate students was higher in comparison to that reported for the undergraduate students. There was also a significant difference between the level of students' knowledge and duration of studying. In addition, with increasing the number of academic years, the knowledge of the CBCT application enhanced. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the dental students at Babol University of Medical Sciences had a relatively moderate knowledge of the CBCT application. It seems that in order to achieve a satisfactory level of CBCT knowledge, it is required to provide necessary training in various forms, such as holding workshops and seminars.

Introduction: Recurrent herpes simplex labialis, also known as oral herpes, is one of the most common painful oral ulcers mostly observed on the oral mucosa or lips. On the other hand, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is a secretory protein which increases in stressful situations. The current study aimed to evaluate salivary alpha-amylase in patients with recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the unstimulated saliva of 60 patients (30 patients with RHL and 30 controls) referred to Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry of Zahedan were collected. Salivary alpha-amylase levels were measured using spectrophotometry methods, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using t-test. A p-value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average levels of alpha-amylase in the saliva of patients with RHL and healthy individuals were reported at 459. 68± 192. 05 U/L and 290. 29± 166. 51 U/L, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P=0. 001). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the level of alpha-amylase enzyme was significantly higher in the recurrent period of herpes labialis, as compared to recovery period and the control group. This finding is indicative of a possible association between salivary alpha-amylase levels and herpes labialis.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to report the successful treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a wound-healing accelerator in patients who underwent bisphosphonate therapy with a history of tooth extraction. Case Report: A 65-year-old woman referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Mashhad Dental School in Mashhad, Iran, complaining of pain, swelling, and infection in the right maxilla area with a history of tooth extraction. Bone exposure, with infection and pain in the extraction area, started about 2 weeks after the extraction of the upper right second premolar and remained in the patient's mouth for more than 8 weeks when MRONJ was diagnosed. The PRF was prepared using 10 ml of the patient blood. The necrotic bone was removed with caution. The PRF was then inserted to the surgery site, and the flap was sutured without stretching. No complications were observed in the 6-month-old follow-up, and all the symptoms were discontinued. Conclusion: According to the results of our study and other reviewed studies, the use of PRF after surgery can have a beneficial effect on bone and wound healing in the MRONJ case. The PRF has a simpler and cheaper technique than alternative treatments and can be used as a novel approach in MRONJ treatment.