APPLIED THEORIES OF ECONOMICS
Year:2025 | Volume:11 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

The financial development of companies is a factor in attracting capital and a way for regional economic prosperity. Many indicators can be used to check the financial performance of companies. One of these indicators is the asset turnover index, which emphasizes both sales and company assets. This article aims to examine the financial development of important companies in creating the largest share of the added value of the province in terms of the growth of the industry's output. BACE and bootstrap quantile approach have been used to investigate the importance of the financial development of these companies on the output growth of the province's industry. In fact, modelling means choosing the model and variables which are uncertain. Therefore, the Bayesian averaging approach was initially used to reduce the concept of variable selection uncertainty to an acceptable level. After identifying the top 5 models and the most important effective variables, the quantile method was used to examine the effects of selected variables in high, medium and low growth on the model and their importance coefficients. To make estimates, the data of the desired industries were collected from 1389 to 1398 on a semi-annual basis. Based on the presented results, financial development with the help of improving asset turnover of Isfahan Pegah, Isfahan Zob Ahan, and Isfahan Polyacrylic companies affects the growth of Isfahan industry output. The financial development of Pegah Isfahan Company has had a negative relationship with the growth of the industrial output of Isfahan province. However, the financial development of iron smelting and polyacrylic companies have a positive relationship with the growth of the Isfahan province industry.

Economic growth and development are important economic goals for every country and have been the focus of economic planners for a long time. Therefore, with the formation and development of growth models in economic literature, the category of investment and capital provision has been placed in the focus of researchers and policymakers as one of the basic economic issues. This research aims to examine the asymmetric effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Iran by applying the nonlinear autoregressive distributed Lag (NARDL) and existing theories in this field, with seasonal data from 2001 to 2021. The research results show that the positive shock of foreign direct investment has a positive effect, and the negative shock of foreign direct investment has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the long term. Also, the positive shock of the degree of trade openness has a positive effect, and the negative shock of the degree of trade openness has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the long run. In addition, the results show that the balance of payments also has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the long term. Finally, the results of the Wald test also show that the effects of foreign direct investment shocks and trade openness are asymmetric in both the short and long term

In this research, the threshold effects of export complexity on the equal distribution of income in the country have been investigated using non-linear STAR P-models based on Zhou et al.'s method from 1371 to 1402. The research results show that the export complexity variable has a U-shaped relationship with the equal distribution of income. The export penetration index variable has two threshold values. In the first regime, when the variable of export penetration (Kd) is => 35.14658, the influence of export complexity on the equal distribution of income is negative and equal to 0.20 percent. While in the second regime, when the export coverage variable is Kd > 35.14658, the impact of export complexity on income distribution is positive and equal to 0.99%. Also, the export destination diversity variable has two threshold values. In the first regime, when the export destination diversity variable (Kr) is <= 17.98, the influence of export destination diversity is negative and equal to 0.08 percent. While in the second regime, when the export destination diversity variable is Kr>17.98, the impact of the export destination diversity on the equal distribution of income is positive and equal to 0.62 percent, and as a result, the equal distribution of income will improve by the same amount.

The main objective of the present research is to analyze the level of well-being of countries worldwide based on 12 components of the Legatum Prosperity Index and to determine Iran's position through clustering methods. In this research, using the K-Means algorithm in SPSS software, the clustering of countries worldwide based on 12 components of the Legatum Prosperity Index from 2007 to 2023 (for 167 countries) has been conducted to identify hidden patterns among countries and Iran's position within these clusters.The research results indicate that, based on classifying countries into three clusters, Iran falls into a cluster with a medium level of welfare. Additionally, these results suggest that Iran is most similar to the countries of South Africa, Algeria, and Turkmenistan. The most essential variables in differentiating countries include "infrastructure and market access, education, and living conditions," the least important variables are assessed as "social capital and the natural environment."Based on the research findings, it is necessary to consider the multidimensional aspects of welfare to increase the level of welfare in Iran. Therefore, economic policymakers should make greater efforts in open economy and inclusive societies.

Pollution and climate change affect countries' economies, especially by reducing total productivity factors. For this reason, the green tax, as the most direct and transparent climate control policy, has attracted the attention of economic policymakers. On the other hand, today, the role of climate change in the success of central banks in implementing monetary policy is also focused on. As a result, the question is raised of whether the effectiveness of the monetary policy in controlling inflation and the production gap increases with the presence of green tax. To answer this question, the E-DSGE model was designed to take into account macroeconomic and climate policy considerations at the same time. The results showed that monetary policy reduces the production gap caused by the climate crisis and controls the resulting inflation. The duration of the implementation of monetary policy does not differ in the presence or absence of the green tax. However, in terms of quantity, in the case where there is a green tax, the monetary policy is more efficient. However, if the green tax rate is large enough, monetary policy is more efficient in terms of time and quantity.

Corruption is a significant challenge in the global economy, impacting countries' development prospects at both national and international levels. Various factors, such as Innovation, country size, government expenditure, human capital, commercial openness, and natural resource rents, influence the prevalence of corruption. This study investigates the convergence of factors influencing the spread of corruption in selected Islamic countries using a dynamic spatial panel approach from 2008 to 2022. Results confirm spatial proximity effects, with a low convergence speed averaging 0.052. Additionally, findings indicate direct and indirect negative effects of Innovation on the spread of corruption in these countries

This study examines the asymmetric effects of per capita income, oil prices, industrial value added, and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in Iran through a non-linear distributed lag autoregression model (NARDL) from 1989 to 2023. This study also discusses the pollution safe haven hypothesis and the Kuznets U-shaped curve simultaneously and asymmetrically for Iran. Based on the results of this study, only the per capita income variable has a linear relationship with CO2 emissions, while the other variables have a non-linear relationship. The model results showed that OPEC oil prices have an inverse relationship with pollution emissions only in positive shocks. For the foreign investment variable, only a negative shock positively affects pollution emissions, which indicates that Iran is not a pollution-safe haven for other countries. Also, industrial value added only has a positive effect on positive shocks. On the other hand, per capita income has a negative effect on pollution emissions. Finally, this study's findings showed that the U-shaped Kuznets curve is not true for Iran

Financial inclusion, which refers to the access of individuals, firms, and businesses to quality and affordable financial products and services responsibly and sustainably, plays an important role in enhancing the living standards of low-income households, increasing opportunities for the growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises, reducing poverty and inequality, and improving financial stability. Various factors, including competition in the banking industry and economic growth, influence financial inclusion. This article addresses the critical significance of accurate and scientific estimation of the impact of these factors on financial inclusion. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL-PMG) model is the econometric method employed, and the data utilized are associated with ECO member countries from 2004 to 2020.The results indicate that economic growth enhances the demand for financial services, resulting in the emergence of new financial institutions and markets to meet this increasing demand. Additionally, the results suggest that the heightened competition in the banking sector considerably enhances financial inclusion. The market power in the financial industry intends to restrict the supply of loans and raise interest rates, exacerbating the cost of financing for firms. As a result of increased competition, banks with lower profit margins are compelled to implement a customer-centric approach. Finally, the results suggest that enhancing competition in the banking industry and reducing market influence are critical strategies for enhancing financial inclusion in the country's banking system.