EGHTESAD-E ISLAMI
Year:2019 | Volume:19 | Issue:75|Papers Count:9

In his book Eghtesadona (our Economy), Shahid Sadr uses the discovery method to explain the economic school of Islam. Since the theory of justice is distinct from school theory, one may ask the question, "Does the discovery method work well enough to discover the theory of justice? " This article attempts to answer this question as the main research question. In the following, the article attempts to evaluate the various aspects of discovery method based on the textual analysis method, with associated matter of justice, and in the end judge the criticisms raised on the basis of the answer the above question. The result of the research is that on the one hand, the results obtained from the discovery approach to the "Islamic" attribute are in doubt, and on the other hand, it must be acknowledged that there is no complete equivalence with the specificity and status of justice. So you can't just use this method. We propose using a combination of deductive reasoning and discovery.

In recent decades, a series of changes in consumption patterns and economic, social and cultural consequences of this model have made a social issue. The main purpose of this article is to investigate consumerism and its relationship with cultural capital in Yasuj. The research method, survey and the main tool used in the data collection stage were a researcher-made questionnaire and others designed to assess the validity of the questionnaire through factor analysis and reliability assessment using Cronbach's Alpha coefficients and Kuder-Richardson coefficients used. The population of the study consisted of residents of Yasuj with 18 years and older. The sample size was 400 people according to Lin's table. Due to heterogeneity of the statistical population, multistage stratified random sampling method was used. In the theoretical framework section, Bourdieu's and the network's approaches were used to adapt the research variables. The findings indicate that there is no significant relationship between cultural capital and consumerism variables and no significant difference between men's and women's tendency to consumerism, while there is a significant relationship between age and consumerism. It means with increasing age, Consumerism decreases. This indicates that what is more than other variables reflects changes in the pattern of consumption used in generational change, not gender or other structural variables. According to the religious teachings in this field, what was observed was the difference between the status quo and the desired one.

Humanity has always dreamed of eradicating poverty and creating a good life for all individuals and communities, and has therefore made numerous efforts and strategies to combat poverty. But prescribing a solution, regardless of the different origins of poverty, cannot be as effective. In the Islamic economic system, zakat has also been cited as a strategy to eliminate poverty. Today, due to changing social relationships and social systems, the potential income of zakat is not capable of sufficiently accommodating the enormous amount of poverty present in societies. And this contradicts the role of zakat in poverty alleviation, which the hadiths have referred to. The question that arises is whether Zakat is a solution to all kinds of economic poverty? In this regard, good scientific efforts have been made to resolve this conflict and explain the problem of zakat in various studies, which have mainly focused on expanding zakat resources. In this paper, the roots of poverty are divided into four categories: natural, self-made, capitalism, and colonial, through the formation of a hadithic family and using verses and narratives, and then conclude by expressing Islam's strategies for combating all forms of poverty. It turns out that the poverty in Islamic society is limited to natural poverty and Zakat is the solution to this poverty.

Inappropriate distribution of income and poverty is one of the problems of human societies and many studies have been conducted to find a solution to this, but less attention has been paid to the impact of Islamic taxes on income distribution. Therefore, in this study, the effect of Khums and Zakat on the improvement of income distribution has been investigated by Estimation of Lorenz curve equation coefficients and Gini coefficient of society using macroeconomic data for the period from 2000 to 2016. The results indicate a small effect of Zakat's revenues on income distribution (injections of Zakat's revenues to the first-decile income reduces the Gini coefficient by 1%) while Khums and Zakat reduce the Gini coefficient by 15% and lower the four lower income groups into the fifth decade And poverty is eradicated. According to the data, even in recent years the amount of khums and zakat is so high that it can reach the first five decades to the sixth decade.

The existence of rapid and dynamic changes in the global financial landscape has led to the banking industry pose many potential risks. Credit risk is one of the most important risks facing banks and is related to the ability of debtor to repay his debts. On the one hand it seems that Islamic banks face more credit risk due to their newness and less flexibility in using risk management tools, on the another hand, because of the different nature of their contracts and the rule of Sharia laws in their administration they can be better to manage this risk. In this study, the effect of bank specific factors such as management quality, capital adequacy, bank size and liquidity on credit risk in Islamic banks has been investigated. Also, in order to control the impact of macroeconomic factors on the results of the research, GDP growth rate, exchange rate and inflation rate are considered as control variables in the model. The research community consists of all banks that is administrated by the Islamic banking method; among them the top-hundred of banks of the Banker website ranking were selected as the sample in the period 2011-2016. In order to estimate the model the "Generalized Method of Moments" (GMM) has been used. The results of the model show that in Islamic banks there is a significant negative relationship between credit risk and management quality, capital adequacy, liquidity ratio and bank size.

One of the methods to achievement to financial stability is using the deposit guarantee mechanism in financial system. Deposit guarantee fund in failing of member, repayment to depositors for compensation of loss. Based on 5th development act, the fund was stablish and running now. By considering the Sharia requirement, this research by using the multi-stage Ijtihad focus on Sharia aspect of deposit guarantee. According to this method, researcher submit his opinion to Fiqhi – financial scientist and then send to Marja’ a for Istifta’ a. Conclusion of research process will be in below: 1. Deposit guarantee mechanism can be categories in independence contract or insurance. 2. Guaranteeing of deposits that based on Qardh contract is correct. 3. Principal Guarantee of deposits that based on Mosharakah contract is correct but expected return is incorrect. 4. Flat and differentiate premium that members pay to the Fund is correct in the jurisprudence view.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the fluctuations of entrepreneurial wealth in an open participatory economy and compare it with an interest-based economy. In this hypothetical participatory economy, the investor can freely choose between two types of domestic cooperative financing and external interest-based financing (in international financial markets). To this end, a dynamic model is designed and solved based on the dynamics of entrepreneurial wealth. The results show that when the two cooperative economies are exposed to the same conditions, which means that the opportunity cost of investing is equal to both, entrepreneurial wealth and therefore national investment and production in the cooperative economy are less volatile than the conventional economy. But when the opportunity cost of investing in the two economies is different, only under conditions of entrepreneurial wealth and production in a participatory economy can they be less volatile than the conventional economy. It is considered that these conditions depend on the values of the interest rate parameters, the participation rate and the minimum safe return of the domestic economy.

The main purpose of this article is to determine the necessity and requirements of an independent law on budget transparency in Iran. Transparency is a missing link that has been emphasized in Islamic sources. For this purpose, using documentary method and content analysis, the experience of successful countries in the field of budget transparency and its related laws has been studied and the weakness of transparency in Iran's budgeting system has been investigated and then adjusted to the existing situation of Iran and the favorable situation of the world is examined. The necessity of adopting an independent budget transparency law for Iran and the requirements to be met in the budget transparency law has been elaborated. Importance of transparency is because of increasing of budget trust and credibility, loan costs and public advocacy from macroeconomic policies. The most important requirements of such a law can also be described in explaining the legal role of the Islamic Parliament in approving and overseeing the financing of the country, in explaining the government's responsibilities for managing and controlling public funding, and in designing and implementing regulatory and accountable organizations for the affairs.

One of the challenges of Islamic securities is the differing tastes of issuers and investors in paying intermediate profits. issuers are less inclined to pay intermediate profits because they may have liquidity problems and in some cases may require short-term facilities, which may lead to higher financial costs, while investors tend to receive short-term coupons to increase their effective returns through reinvestment. In this descriptive-analytical study, by analyzing similar structures in conventional bonds and analyzing them and comparing them with Islamic securities structures, an innovative model is presented to address this challenge. The design pattern, with a well-defined and well-documented bonds, has similarities and differences with conventional separated bonds. In the designed pattern, in addition to the possibility of dealing in the principle of its securities and its coupon separately in two distinct symbols, with the names of "base papers" and "certificate of profit", there is also the ability to convert the specified volume of certificate of earnings to the base notes. In this research, the operational models of Ijareh, Murabahah, and Istisna sukuks are presented in a verifiable and verifiable manner and are investigated from an Islamic jurisprudence and financial point of view.