Payesh
Year:2021 | Volume:20 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Objective (s): Deaths from non-communicable diseases have become a major concern worldwide. Functional foods such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are effective nutritional factors in controlling non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to review and organize the existing situation and design the future roadmap. Methods: The present study was a qualitative study that conducted by the Society of Probiotic and Functional Foods in collaboration with the National Institute of Health Research of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2015. The policy brief was used in design and was formulated in three parts: cognition, orientation, and establishment of system. The information was collected through three methods of scientific resource review, stakeholder focus group discussion and written questionnaire. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Results: The number of probiotic factories was 85 and 163 probiotic products had received production licenses in the country. The annual growth of the probiotic market from 2009 to 2014 was negative (54%). The policy focus areas for the development of probiotics and functional foods were distributed in three areas: legal policy, behavioral culture and operational structure and the development of this industry depends on planning and implementation in all three areas. Conclusion: To develop the probiotic industry it is necessary to increase the knowledge of policy makers and consumer groups about probiotic products. Indeed, investment security in this area be provided and a system be deployed to monitor the development of the industry and solve its problems.

Objective (s): Access to relevant information is the basis for making the right decision and choice. However, people have very little information about the structures, processes and outcome of hospitals and the quality, price and efficiency of services provided. The experiences of other countries have shown that the first step to move towards transparency is the tendency and determination of the authorities. This research then aimed to measure the tendency of hospital managers to be transparent in disclosing information to public. Methods: The present study was an applied descriptive study using survey method. A questionnaire was developed by research team and used after confirming the face and content validity as well as its reliability. This questionnaire was completed by 310 senior, middle and operational managers of genral public hosptials affilated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The highest tendency of participants was towards information transparency related to the structural indicators and the lowest was in outcome indicators of hospitals. Management level, organizational position and level of education showed significant relationship with the tendency to transparency in its various dimensions. Conclusion: Hospital managers have a relatively strong tendency for transparency of information in the general public hospitals. Taking knowledge of the priorities and desires of managers, policymakers might be able to identify the disclosable performance indicators. Public disclosure of less sensitive indicators (i. e. structural indicators) might pave the way for the transparency practices.

Objective (s): Hospital indicators are very important in indicating their performance. Indicators are used as a tool to compare the number of services, evaluate services, compare services with standards or compare them with previous years. The aim of this study was to determine performance indicators of hospitals in a number of teaching hospitals and comparing them with performance indicators of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2019 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that descriptively examined the performance indicators of 12 hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected by referring to statistical unit of health deputy and analyzed using SPSS22 software. Results: The ratio of active beds to fixed in 9 hospitals (75%), bed performance ratio, admission ratio per bed and average length of stay in 10 hospitals (83. 3%) and bed turnover interval in 7 hospitals (58. 4%) were desirable. The bed occupancy ratio in 7 hospitals (58. 4%) was poor compared to the standards. Conclusion: The performance indicators of the hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were relatively good compared to the standards. However, there is a need for promotion and improvements. Therefore, it is necessary that managers take the necessary proceedings to increase hospitals’ performance indicators.

Objective (s): Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in falls from hospital beds, because usually this might cause head injurie. There are limited researches to prevent children from falling. Therefore, this study was performed to analyze the roots cause factors affecting the fall in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. First the adverse events were measured using a monthly error recording form, then the root cause analysis of the problem was performed in six steps, problem identification, team formation, preparation of initial information and final map, identification of causes and drawing tables, identification of solutions and implementation and assessment of solutions. Results: Lack of effective training of patient companions, old hospital beds, short, and long distance between bed railings, training of nurses, and controlling of the restless children were obtained as a root causes based on futuristic barrier analysis. The solutions were identified and implemented and the comparison of statistics before and after the implementation of the strategies showed that the rate of falling from the bed in the third quarter of the year has reached to zero percent. Conclusion: Educating the patient companions about the keeping of the bed railings high and not leaving the child can have a great impact on reducing falls. Also, standardizing hospital beds, providing fall prevention guidelines for nurses, training the effective communication skills, and identifying high-risk children can help to reduce falls and injuries.

Objective (s): The purpose of patient education is creating positive behaviors. However, one of the biggest barriers of effective patient education and communication is differences of language between patients and health care providers. This study aimed to review the impact of language barriers on patient education worldwide. Methods: In this scoping review, papers both in Persian and English related to patient education language barriers were searched using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, MagIran, SID, Iran Doc, IranMedex and Elmnet during 2010 to 2020. The keywords included communication barriers, language barriers, communication, patient education, Bi language, language obstacle in both Persian and English. Results: In all 8900 citations were retrieved. Of these 16 studies were relevant included in this study. The results of the studies showed a clear association between limited language skills and difficulty in communicating with patients and providing effective patient education, regardless of the research settings. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between language skills and the provision of educational services to the patient. Lack of sufficient language skills prevents effective communication with patients. However, the limitations of studies that have only examined the effect of language barriers on effective patient education are evident, and there is a need for further studies on the topic.

Objective (s): In Persian Medicine (PM) diabetes mellitus is known as a dystempramental diseases (Su-e-mizaj) and is divided into two main types, hot and cold. Achieving agreed diagnostic criteria among PM experts for standardizing such criteria for identification of two types of diabetes and its management is essential. This study aimed to examine diabetes mizaj criteria via consensus of PM physicians. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey and conducted by the Delphy method. Diabetes mizaj symptoms was collected from PM literature, and patient and PM experts interview. Sixteen PM experts were requested to evaluate quantitative and qualitative value of these symptoms during 3 rounds of Delphi. Results: Based on the results of third round; thirst, touch condition of hand and kidney, impressibility of air and food and face puffing, were considered as major criteria and urine color and smell and face and eye color were considered as minor criteria for identification of diabetic children Mizaj or Su-e-mizaj Conclusion: This study extracted the agreed criteria for determining the diabetic children Mizaj. These criteria, can be used to diagnose, different Su-e-mizaj of hole body and organs and so two types of diabetes (hot and cold) in diabetic children. Quantifying the intended criteria might lead to more exact diagnosis of the patients’ mizaj.

Objective (s): Pregnancy is a distinct period in the women's life, which involves extensive changes, especially in the psychological aspects, which are sometimes out of control and lead to different damages to the health and well-being of mother and child. However, despite the importance of this issue, little information is available in this regard. Thus the purpose of the study was to better understand the psychological challenges of pregnancy. Methods: This was a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach that conducted in 2017. Data was collected from in-depth semi-structured individual interviews. The participants were pregnant women who were referred to health care services in Tehran. After 28 interviews, the data saturation achieved and finally the available data were analyzed with Maxqda 10 software. Results: Mothers from different social back grounds, educational levels and aged 18-41 years old, participated in the study. The analysis indicated 4 categories (fear of loss, negative body image, depression and lake of mental control) were explored as mothers’ psychology challenges in pregnancy. Conclusion: Maternal health care providers should reduce maternal anxiety by providing a comprehensive health-oriented program and education about the dimensions and reversibility of pregnancy events.

Objective (s): Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. The goal of this study was to identify the trends in cancer mortality by age and sex in Iran from 2011 to 2018. Methods: We analyzed cancer mortality data available in the Civil Registration Organization. A total of 278301 cancer deaths were registered in this database during 2011-2018. The rate of cancer deaths was then compared by age, sex, and time. Results: The cancer death rate (per 100, 000) has increased from 38 in 2011 to 47 in 2017. The mean age of mortality by cancer, death rate, and its increase was higher among men than women. Premature death due to cancer has increased from 420 to 530 thousand person-years of life during 2011 to 2016, respectively. This increase was mainly due to an increase in adulthood cancer and old age, especially among the male gender. Conclusion: Cancer deaths have increased in Iran since cancer has increased in the country as an epidemiological transition consequence. To overcome such excess mortality preventive measures are recommended.

Objective (s): Fear of falling is the main fear among older adults and is an independent risk factor for decreased mobility and quality of life. Therefore, a standard tool is needed to assess the fear of falling. The Geriatric Fear of Falling Measure is one of the common tools that used for this purpose. The present study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of the questionnaire in Iran. Methods: This was a methodological study and was conducted on 200 elderly people. After translating and obtaining opinions of experts, the content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined qualitatively. Then, the validity of the GFFM was assessed through convergent validity (correlation test between the Persian version of the GFFM and the Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale-ABC questionnaire) and known group comparison. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Results: The results obtained from known groups comparison indicated that the questionnaire well differentiated among participants who were differed in self-reported health condition. The convergent validity showed a significant correlation between the Persian version of the GFFM and the ABC questionnaires. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the dimensions and the total questionnaire was between 0. 75 and 0. 89. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of the GFFM is a valid instrument and can be used in a variety of situations, including clinical and research environments. It is suggested that the future studies assess the structural validity of the GFFM using factor analysis with a bigger sample size.