Yafteh
Year:2007 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 (30)|Papers Count:15

Background: Zinc is essential for nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis and tissue healing. Zinc deficiency has detrimental effects on child health and increases mortality rate of pneumonia and gastroenteritis. By improving absorptive function of villous cells and by reducing pathogenic enterobacteriaceae in lumen, Zinc improves diarrhea outcome in children. Previous studies in developing countries are available regarding zinc efficacy in acute and persistent diarrhea. We tried effectiveness of zinc treatment in acute diarrhea of children in Lorestan province.Materials and methods: A triple blinded randomized controlled trial was planned over test and control groups. Each group contained 36 children aged 12 to 60 months with acute watery diarrhea whom weight for height was below -2SD under median according to Waterlow's classification. Test group took 1mg/kg/day zinc (in the form of 1% zinc sulfate solution). Then, diarrhea duration, daily times of bowel movement and weight gain were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSSVersion13.Results: T-test showed that daily diarrhea in test and control group was 3.3±0.99 times and 4.9±1.1 times respectively. Duration of diarrhea in them was 4.9±3.2 days and 7.8±3.9 days. Weight gain was 223.05±110.8 grams and 95.8±106.4 grams. The results were significantly different between two groups at p<0.05. No child in zinc group suffered persistent diarrhea or weight loss.Conclusion: Zinc sulfate could be a part of acute gastroenteritis treatment plan in children besides other nutritional and hygienic orders especially in malnourished children in developing countries.

Background: Nowadays, new methods such as scrub with an efficient agent for short time are used for the prevention of communicable diseases and infection control at the most of operating rooms. But, at most of our operating rooms, surgical teams use traditional and routine hand scrub (with Betadine more than 3 min). The aim of this clinical trial was to compare efficacy of Betadine and an alcoholic agent (Decosept) on BCC in Social Security hospital of Khorramabad (west of Iran) in may 2006.Materials and methods: twenty cases were selected from operating room scrub nurses according to inclusion criteria. First, all people washed their hands for 1 minutes with soap. The bacterial colony count was assessed by rubbing their fingertips in Triptyc Soy Broth (TSB) for 1 min. at the next step; each person scrubbed their hands with Betadine (Povidone Iodine 7.5 %) for 3 min and dried them by sterile towel after rinse. Bacterial colony count (immediate effect) was assessed for one hand and the other hand was gloved for 2 hours. After the gloves were taken off, a second colony count was assessed for sustained effect. After one week, all subjects washed their hand and the bacterial colony count was assessed. Then, the hands of each subject scrubbed with Decosept in such a manner that their hands remained wet for 3 min (10-12 ml). Data was analyzed by the paired T test.Results: Comparison of BCC Frequency was different for immediate effect of Betadine and Decosept (38 vs. 25), and also for 2 h after scrub (72 vs. 40). The mean of BCC reduction immediately after Betadine and Decosept scrub was significantly different (PV=0.011). Also, the mean of BCC increase (sustained effect) 2 h after scrub was different (PV=0.023). The BCC mean was increased (1.7) immediately and 2 hours after scrub with Betadine. But, this increase after scrub with Decosept (second stage) was less than Betadine (1.15). So, the difference between the first and the second stages, was significant (PV=0.001)Conclusion: In general, alcoholic agent (Decosept) was more efficient to reduce BCC. We suggest the alcoholic agent be used more frequently for surgical hand scrub.

Background: Management of solid waste is a set of regular and coherent acts on production control, storage and collection, handling, processing and disposal of solid waste. These activities should be in accordance with best conditions of public health, economy, and protection of industries, aesthetical and other aspects of environmental and public requirements. People cooperation in solid waste management is a process that everyone is responsible for ones activity. This condition causes improvements in municipal task and culture of the city.Materials and methods: In this study, Khorramabad city was divided to 8 districts. In every district, 50 houses selected as a sampling cluster. So, 400 houses were sampled and questionnaires about conditions of collection, storage and hazards of unsanitary disposal of solid waste, and recovery of solid waste were distributed among them.Results: All houses were used waste bag for storing their solid waste. Solid waste was collected by municipality daily. But, separation of different kinds of solid wastes was not done in any houses. People had a weak knowledge on the location of waste disposal. 33 to 70 percent of people had a good knowledge about the hazards of unsanitary disposal of waste materials. 5 to 20 percent was familiar with waste material recovery term. 11-60% of people were satisfied with municipality performance regarding waste material collection.Conclusion: We figured out that a majority of Khorramabad citizens had a good attitude but a weak knowledge and performance on solid waste management. Therefore we suggest that the knowledge and performance levels of the community can be increased via adopting good educational programs by related organizations and social media.

Background: The purpose of this research was to determine the rate of deformity in boys and girls youngsters in Lorestan.Materials and methods: The statistical community of the research included all the youngsters in Lorestan Province. The subjects in this study were 400 boys and 450 girls (11-15 years old) that collated randomly. Data collection was done by questionnaires and physical examination (posture screen, tape-measure, Scales and ...). The results were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: In general, the results of this study indicated that abnormal posture in male was 57.67% and in female was 68.89%. additionally, there was a significant relationship between the level of kyphosis and lordosis and sleep habit, between shoulder dropping and briefcase carriage, between Bow leg and sitting between Hallux Valgus and high heel shoes of subjects (P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the generated results, the level and rate of deformity among youngsters is very high. So, it seems that there is a need to plan an especial program by managers to reduce the burden of this abnormality.

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common problems in the women, especially after menopause and at the old age. Bone densitometry of vertebrae of lumbar region and femoral neck is a non invasive and precise method for evaluation of bone mass density (BMD) and determination of facture risk.Materials and Method: from different districts of Ahvaz city, more than 300 healthy men and woman were selected. They were referred to the center of bone densitometry after ruling out underlying diseases. BMD evaluation was done with LUNAR apparatus.Results: There was a meaningful difference between BMD of men and women. There was also a meaningful difference among women groups regarding LUNAR standard. But this was not the case in the men.Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a meaningful difference between the mean of BMD in the femoral neck and lumbar region. In addition there was a difference between these two regions in women (not men) and lunar standard.

Background: Evidences show that parental morphine addiction impairs CNS development, learning and memory in offsprings. Since long term potentiation (LTP) is a cellular mechanism of learning and memory, in this study the effect of parental morphine addiction on LTP induction in dentate gyrus by high frequency stimulation of perforant path was assessed.Materials and methods: In this experimental study 40 female and 16 male rats (120-140 days old) were addicted by oral administration (32mg/kg, twice daily) of morphine for 5 days. Then male rats were placed with female in 5 groups: 1-test 1 group: addicted female rats (n=20) with non addicted male rats (n=8). 2- Test 2 group: non addicted female rats (n=20) with addicted male rats (n=8). 3-test 3 group: addicted female rats (n=20) with addicted male rats (n=8). 4-sham control 1: female received dextrose 5% (n=20) with non addicted male rats (n=8). 5- Sham control 2: male received dextrose 5% (n=8) with non addicted female rats (n=20. In puberty offsprings, LTP were induced in dentate gyrus by high frequency stimulation (HFS) of perforant path. The magnitude of potentiation was evaluated as percentage change in population spike (PS) amplitude or excitatory post synaptic potential slope (EPSP) at 5, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after HFS. All values were taken as the mean ± SE. Data were analyzed by two ways ANOVA.Results: Amplitude of population - spike (PS) and slope of excitatory post synaptic potential(EPSP) 60 and 120 minutes after HFS in offsprings of test 1 and test 2 was less than sham controls (p<0.01).There were no difference between test 1 and test 2 and male and female rat offsprings in PS amplitude and EPSP slope.Conclusion: The results suggest that parental morphine addiction may cause learning deficiency through reduction of LTP in dentate gyrus. So, the side effects of parental morphine addiction in offsprings must be considered.

Background: Opioids such as opium deteriorate sexual organs activities. The effect of opium on the spermatogenesis of men was assessed in a region where it is abused more than any opioids.Materials and methods: In this case-control study, we studied 224 subjects, divided into 2 groups: 112 opium dependant and 112 non-addicts. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of opium dependency on semen analysis.Results: There were significant differences between two groups in count, motility, morphology, viscosity and liquefaction.Conclusion: These results showed pathological effects of opium on semen analysis. This semen pathology is probably secondary to decreased testosterone production, with relative malfunction of the seminal tracts and the accessory glands.

Background: Experience of awareness and recall during general anesthesia can be very distressing for patients. There is no doubt that surgery pain is the most distressing feature of awareness. This condition can cause neurosis in patients. If patient be aware during surgery and be able to hear some comment, she or he senses weakness, paralysis, feeling of helpless and anxiety, panic and death. The main goal of this study is determine the incidence of awareness with recall during general anesthesia.Materials and methods: This cross sectional study carried out on 1500 patients (ASA Class I) that underwent elective surgery in Shohadie - Ashayer hospital. The assessment tool was a questionnaire filled out by interview with patients after 20 – 36 hrs post-operation.Results: 1056 (70.59%) of patients were males and 442 (29.41%) were female. For 900 patients (60%), Benzodizepines (Midazolame or diazepam) was used as a premedication and for all patients opioids were used for analgesia. Inductive drug was Thiopental sodium for all patients. Only 6 patients (0.4%) were aware and recalled some comments during general anesthesia.Conclusion: regarding the undesired effects of awareness and recall during general anesthesia, use of drugs such as benzodizepines for premedication, opioids for analgesia and acceptable concentration of inhaled anesthetics for preventing these terrible events are necessary.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a common pathogen with worldwide distribution. It is estimated that worldwide 180 million people are infected annually. Trichomoniasis is associated with vaginitis, cervicitis, low birth weight, and preterm delivery in pregnant women; in addition, it is a cofactor in HIV transmission. Diagnosis of disease is traditionally depends on the microscopic observation of motile protozoa in vaginal discharge, with the sensitivity of 38% up to 80%. Culture of organism is the current gold standard and its sensitivity is 85-95%. In this study we used these two methods for comparative detection of T. vaginalis in vaginal discharge.Materials and methods: A total of 2630 visitors attending the health care centers in Tabriz were eXa.mh'1edT.wo cotton swabs were used to obtain vaginal discharge. First swab was used for direct microscopic examination. Cultivation was performed in Kupferberg trichomonas medium (QUELAB, Canada) using second swab.Results: Clinical examination of 2630 health center visitors showed that 1575 person (59.88%) had vaginal signs and 1055 person were asymptomatic. 92 out of 2630 patients were positive for T. vaginalis by wet mount examination (3.46%). The growth of T. vaginalis was observed in 120 samples (4.56%).Conclusion: Although wet preparation is the only test widely available for diagnosis of T. vaginalis, its sensitivity is poor. In this study, using culture as a gold standard, the sensitivity of wet preparation was 75% and specificity was 99%. The results suggest that direct examination with parasite cultivation can be the method of choice for detection of trichomoniasis.

Background: Plastic deformity is a fixed deformity of bones after application of force which is in contrast to elastic deformity, so it remains unchanged. It is a rare condition and is seen more commonly in upper extremity (forearm). Inability to recognize it causes limitation of motion and remaining of angular deformity. It occurs more commonly in children because of flexibility of their bones. For treatment of this deformity, at first we must aware to recognize this condition then it should be corrected before correction of fractured bone and after that it must be controlled to 2-3 weeks by weekly radiographs to ensure that deformity is corrected fully.Case report: An eight years old boy with leg fracture due to motorcycle accident referred to emergency department. At first we tried to reduce it by closed method but we were unsuccessful, so we treat it with open reduction and internal fixation.Conclusion: Always keep in mind one of the reasons of closed reduction failure, especially in extremities with two parallel bones (like leg and forearm) is plastic deformity of one bone which means constant change in the shape of the bone which interferes with reduction of the second. We should be aware of operation necessity.

Background: Total abdominal aortic occlusion starts with intermittent claudication of the lower limbs and if not treated ends up with rest pain, ischemic ulcers and finally culminates in gangrene of the limb. Important risk factors include tobacco consumption, elevated triglycerides, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The disease is diagnosed by history and clinical examination, and in order to arrive at a final diagnosis and evolve a treatment strategy, color Doppler, MRA and CT angiography are utilized. Case report: A 62 years old farmer presented with a limping gait affecting both limbs, pain in toes and loss of libido of 6 months duration.Conclusion: The treatment modality for this particular case was- aortobifemoral bypass utilizing bifurcated Dacron.