NAMEH-YE OLUM-E EJTEMAI
Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:25|Papers Count:15

Rising and the development of the cultural pluralism discourse in the light of the changes which are conceptualized as “globalization” has focused the attention of thinkers towards the interior multiculturalism. It has also caused giving some authorities to cultural minorities and ethnicities, the adjustment of policies, adjudication of the citizen’s rights, movement towards decentralized systems and adopting the policy of cultural pluralism by different countries of the world.In Iran, the development of the cultural pluralism discourse has influenced the factors which have prevented the tolerance and cooperation and have paved the way for changing and turning the Iranian political culture towards a civil and cooperative culture. It has also caused some governmental elites to change their political culture.

State is the most important social institution and sociology is the science of studying social institutions. Most of the analysis of socio-economic evolutions have been so far following the dominant paradigms such as modernization, dependency, and world system, and therefore, mostly disregarding the important role of the state as an affective and effective social institution. This article, benefiting from a comparative institutionalism approach is trying to restudy the state and returning to state, conceptually and henceforth analyzing the role and status of the state in sociological analysis.

This article examines shopping theoretical approaches in social sciences. The first approach is formal sociological tradition. In this approach emphasis is on typology of shoppers. In the Second approach, shopping is studied in the light of consumption. Benjamin studies shopping centers as spaces for dominant of bourgeoisie. The other approach is cultural studies. In this tradition emphasis is on shopping itself. Shopping in cultural studies indicates a shift from production to consumption. Shopping is identified as a realm of social action, interaction and experience that increasingly structures the everyday practices of urban people.

Participation is a process in which people involved to make endewors aiming at a common goal. they do this actively, freely, and with awareness and accountability. Women participation as one of the principles for development can be studied from different perspectives. The objective of the present study is to investigate social and cultural factors influencing social participation of rural women in the development process.This research was conducted through interviews With 155 women of one of the Vilages of Est. Azerbaijan province within the age group of 15-60. The average rate of social participation (mostly tradition and religious participation) of rural women based on this research is shown to be low; only 4 percent of interviewees had a high participation rate.

Fertility in Iran has declined rapidly during the last three decades. Although several studies have analyzed the trends and determinants of fertility declines, few studies have considered the relationship between family change and fertility. Using the institutional framework for analysis of fertility, this study examines the impact of certain dimensions and changes of family on fertility attitudes and behaviors with particular emphasize on Yazd province. The main data source used in this study comes from "the Iran Fertility Transition Survey" as well as other relevant data sources.Results of the study indicate that rapid changes have taken place in fertility attitudes and behaviors while traditional elements of family have experienced continuity and change in recent years. In summary, the sharp fertility decline in Iran cannot be explained by changes in family as the rapid fall of fertility has not been accompanied by rapid changes of traditional elements of family life, and contrary to the prediction of some scholars, no linear convergence has been observed towards Western nuclear family in Iran.

The Iranian society after 2 decades since the 1979 Islamic Revolution is witnessing a considerable change in its youths’ value system and value-priority agenda. This paper investigates college students’ value hierarchy and its relation to reference groups. The survey method has been applied and the statistical society is composed of undergraduate students attending the humanities schools at University of Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaei University, and Alzahra University. 377 students were selected and data were gathered by the questionnaire. The findings show that social values constitute the first proriorty of the students. Following by the economic and political values.

Thoughtful analysis of population and its interactions with social, economic, cultural and health related factors which gained more expansion after the Second World War along with changes in the principles and concepts of development theories, evolved the method of population problems analysis and explanation of the relationship between population and rural development.Consequences of these evolutions were changes from demographic transition to demographic regimes, from structural explanation to institutional analysis and from rational behavior to emphasis on identity. This article is an attempt to elaborate on these consequences and their impact on population and rural development and to explain the importance of institutional factors and situations in shaping the conceptual and theoretical frameworks for the analysis of population and rural development

Women participation rate in different social spheres, especially in political high ranking Positions, is one of the main characters of the political development and modernization. The research has reviewed the history of women participation, at both: national and international levels. Moreover, it studies youth value priorities and their attitudes towards political participation of women in High Ranking Positions; comparing girls’ attitude to those of boys’.The method is survey and data has been collected through questionnaire. The results indicate that: I. although dominant climate of youth priorities and demands is material, but the male participants think, significantly, more materialistic than females; II. There is a significant relationship between gender and attitude towards political participation of women in High Ranking Positions.