JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Year:2004 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:6

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the rule of market structure in foreign trade. To accomplish this, total trade flows calculations were made for the 3-digit ISIC manufacturing industries of Iran. The factors determining market structure have been estimated and their effects on foreign trade have been analyzed, using cross sectional data. The results are consistent with monopolistic competition models of international trade. The extent of intra-industry trade is greater for industries with many establishments, low concentration ratios, producing differentiated goods, and low degree of economies of scale. In short, the results of the present paper indicate the significance rule of maket structure factors in determining intra-industry trade.

With attention to situation of the handy – crafts as the second agent of growth and extension of the national gros production and also in side of the tourism industry as most important source of growth of the worldly economy, role of the employed women on this field – both on the level worldly and country and also Mazandaran province – is very able of attention. If it is said that more than a half of 150 kinds course of handy – crafts in Iran are active by women and some of they perform the role of the innovator and vanguard, it isn’t idle talk. But really with attention to such the worthy role and pavilion of the papulace of the employed women in the handy – crafts section – especially in Mazandaran province -, how and on what level is their situation of qualitative and quantitative of employment on comparison to men? The education and social, cultural and economic a positions, what influences on the quality of the women presence on this section? On this article has studied and analysed the situation of qualitative and quantitative of the women employment of Mazandaran province on the handy – crafts section in the past and present, on comparison to men and on the limits of the indicator area of sari township, for the massive programming of the extension on future with use of the took statistics from connected organizations.

Technical and Vocational Training organization in Mazandaran Province has trained more than 22000 individuals during third development plan (2000- 2004) which is remarkable quantitatively this article aims to portray the employment situation of individual who were trained. To do this, two groups were selected: trainees and employers. To know their views, they were asked by two different questionnaires. The descriptive and inferential methods were used to analysis the data. The results showed that the problem of trainees employment endure to stay, in spite of quantitative efforts have been made. Also, the percentage of men who were employed was higher than women. The satisfaction of employers to skills of individuals who were trained was average.

This paper examines the relationship between the stock offering and private investment in Tehran Stock exchange during 1368-1380. Various Econometrics tests and models have been applied in this study while the ordinary least squares method has been the main tool to find the relationships between the variables under study. The results show that in the OLS framework: there is a significant relation between the stock offering and private investment in Iran. As this study shows, there is a positive correlation between the current private investment and the lag of the stock-offering variable. Further, the study shows that the lag of the previous investment variable has more effect on the current private investment than the current offering of stocks has.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of privatization on government size, government debt and employment during the first and second Economic Plan (1368 to 1378). During 1368 to 1378 in Iran, more than 8034.8 billion rials of state owned companies were privatized. 71.8% of these stocks were sold on the stock market and 28.2% were sold through other means. Most of the privatization took place during the second Economic Plan; notably during the final year. The body mainly responsible for the privatization program was the Organization for Development and Renewal of Iranian Industries. This research is based on data gathered about economic variables and the transfer of state owned companies, indicators of government size, government debt and employment. Despite original expectations, the results obtained from this study show that privatization policy has been unsatisfactory in reducing the government size and the role of state owned companies in Iranian economy. Demonstrated in the outcome is an increase in public sector debt, particularly in state owned companies’ debt to the banking system. This is another indication that the privatization policy has not improved the government’s financial status. Though the results derived from the effects of privatization on employment is ambiguous; the method of privatization could have played an important role. The research has shown that privatization through the stock market method can be effective in increasing the rate of employment. Evident from the results of this paper, it is recommended that the privatization program be done by the stock market method.

The tax reform got new approaches since late 1970s. Reduction of distortionary taxes, remove the barriers from production and emphasis on horizontal equity versus vertical one have been their most important characteristics. Broadening of tax bases, reduction in high marginal tax rates and its number of brackets, coordinating of tax system with capability of tax administration were essencial tactics. In spite of adopting tax laws, reduction of tax rates and improvement of tax administration in the Iranian tax system, it still suffers from week structure and high tax burden on companies. It should be mentioned, the tax reforms that has begun from 2000 are essencial and hopeful steps.