Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
Year:2004 | Volume:8 | Issue:29|Papers Count:18

Background: Nosocomial infections are quite common with known complications and its related high mortality and morbidity rate, meanwhile, there exists problems with hand washing with water and soap. Antibacterial gels have recently introduced to our market. The producer factory believes that it can simply substituted the water and soap. Thus, the present study was conducted on skin culture of shaheed Beheshti hospital staff before and after the usage of antibacterial gel in 1380. Materials and methods: For this study 59 staff were included. Sampling was achieved according to the simple randomization. First of all a sample was obtained, then, 5 minutes following the application of antibacterial gel (Darougar Co)another sample was obtained. Samples cultured on BA and EMB media and the frequency of microorganisms and the efficacy of gel were determined. Results: The most frequent pathogens were coagulase-negative staph.(72.9%), coagulase-positive staph. (30.5%), bacillus (22%), klebsiella (10.2%), streptococcous (3.4%), and E Coli. (1.7%). The percentage of organism reduction following the usage of antibacterial gel were 90.7% for coagulase-negative staph (p=0.00) and 66.7% for coagulase-positive staph. (p=0.005). This reduction was 100% for klebsiella and E.Coli, but 50% for Strep. Conclusion: Since skin is a routine source of infections transmission, and with respect to the satisfactory results of antibacterial gel in this regard, we recommend the usage of antibacterial gel for hospital staff before and after touching their patients.

Background: With respect to the increased antibiotic resistance specially E.Coli and Staph aureus, and the fact that the pattern of antibiotic resistance is variable in different regions, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of different methods of mutations on the antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmids in E. Coli and Staph. Aureus. Study was performed in Mahmoudieh Azad University Laboratory. Materials and methods: This experimental study was performed on 6 strains of Staph. Aureus and E.coli isolated from skin wound, urinary infection and fecal sources. Antibiotic resistance was performed by disk method. Having induced mutation via UV, adding antibiotic gradually, and dilution of medium, the pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined. Finally, the presence or absence of plasmid in these bacteria were detected by electrophoresis. Results: UV and adding antibiotic gradually induce antibiotic resistance. This also disappear number of plasmid bands in E Coli. Dilution of medium cause the bacterial colonies to expand and spread in semi solid medium, however, it did not induce any alteration in antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: UV and adding antibiotic gradually induce antibiotic resistance and disappearance of plasmid bands in E Coli rather than Staph. Aureus. This may be due to structural differences in their cells wall. With respect to the increment in antibiotic resistance during the recent years, we strongly recommend to limit the usage of some antibiotics for only critical patients.

Background: AIDS is considered to be among the most common cause of mortality worldwide. It has no documented therapy or vaccine, however, it is preventable. With respect to the importance of the knowledge of Lab staff towards the transmission routes and preventive techniques, present study was carried out on Lab staff of educational hospitals affiliated to Gilan Medical Science University in order to survey their knowledge and attitude towards AIDS. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out 72 subjects using a self-administered questionnaire including: demographic data, knowledge assessment (27 multiple choices questions) and attitude assessment (17 questions). Data analysis was performed by Pearsons correlation coefficient, variance and t-test analysis. Results: Good knowledge towards the nature of AIDS and routes of transmission were reported in 69.4% and 55.6% of the subjects. Regarding the prevention method, 16.7% had good, 66.7% had moderate and 16.7% had poor knowledge. Positive attitude towards taking care of HIV/AIDS patients was revealed to be 91.7%. Attitude of the samples increased with knowledge improvement; however, it did not reach the significant level. Conclusion: Knowledge of the subjects towards the nature of AIDS and the routes of transmission is quite acceptable; however, it is desirable in preventive methods. Continuous education is highly recommended.

Background: Trichomonasis is a sexually transmitted disease with known side effects. The present study was carried out to determine the frequency of trichomonasis and its cytological alterations in a group of symptomatic females referring to a gynecology clinic in Kashan in 1378. Materials and methods: For this existing data type study, all pop smear samples were stained according to Papanicolae technique and cytological alterations of trichomonasis were also determined. The possible role of age and clinical manifestation were also clarified. Results: Totally, 1010 samples gathered. Infection with trichomonas vaginalis was reported in 9.9%, where, most of the affected subjects aged 18-35 years. Trichomonatic secretion, cervisitis, and ulcer were the most common clinical manifestations. Cytological alterations were: severe infiltration (36%), perinulear areola(30%), metaplasia(30%), meganucleous(28%), parabasal cells (26%), multiple nucleolus(24%), eosinophilia(22%), cytoplasmic vaculization(22%), cytolysis(21%),nucleolus deformity(15%), and hyperkeratosis(12%). Conclusion: Great cytological alterations typically for trichomonasis such as severe infiltration, and perinulear areola may help us to diagnose trichomonasis in routine pop smear test.

Background: It has been postulated that there is a probable relationship between opioid and adrenergic systems. In the present study we have evaluated the effect of morphine alone and together with clonidine (α2 agonist) and Idazoxan (α2 antagonist) on morphine dependency in rat. Materials and methods: For this experimental study, 32 rats were divided in 4 groups of control, morphine, morphine with clonidine and morphine with idazoxan. Having anesthesized the rats with ketamine and rammpon, jugular vein was cannulated and rats were addicted with autoinjection method. All groups were evaluated with lever pressing during 2-hour stay in autoinjection chamber. Morphine dependency was evaluated by ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference between the active and passive lever pressing in the control rats, however, in other groups active lever pressing was significantly more than the passive pressing. Clonidine group consumed more morphine and the idozoxan group pressed lever more actively than the controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Clonidine decreases dependency level however idazoxan increases this dependency to morphine. Stimulatory effect of clonidine on α2 adrenergic receptors in LC nucleolus decreases the dependency to morphine, however, the inhibitory effect of idazoxan on α2 adrenergic receptors stimulate noradernaline release and increase dependency to morphine.

Background: Low-weighed mothers attitude towards the lack of their milk for breast feeding is one the most important causes of unsuccessful breast feeding. Meanwhile, prior investigators have raised controversies regarding the association between maternal BMI and infants growth. Thus, the present study was carried out on low- and moderate- weighed mothers and their infants to determine the association between the maternal BMI and infants growth during the first 4 months in Kashan in 1376-77. Materials and methods: This cohort study was conducted on infants of low weighed mothers (BMI<19.8 as the case group) and infants of normal weighed mothers (19.8 Results: The study population included 75 cases and 75 controls with the mean birth weight of 3257.27±421 and 3286.2±455 gr. Their mean age was 5362.8±606.4 and 5497.8±621.27 gr after 2 months and 6793.2±682.4 and 7004±762.4 gr after 4 months, respectively (NS). We have not found any significant association in height, head and arm circumference between the two groups. Conclusion: Low weight of mothers does not have any influence on physical infants growth. Further studies with bigger sample size and greater duration (the first 2 years) is strongly recommended.

Background: Nurses are expected to empower their clients, but they cannot do it if they feel powerlessness. World Health Assembly has recommended its member to design some programs for strengthening and promoting their nurses. The empowerment process has usually been described from an organizational starting point. In the present study, empowerment is approached from the individual nurses point of view. This study was achieved in nurses working in Shaheed Beheshti, Tehran and Iran Medical Science universities in 1381-82. Materials and methods: We chose the grounded theory approach for analysis the participants experience and their viewpoints regarding the concept of professional power in nursing. Purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews and observation methods used for data gathering. Constant comparative analysis method used to analyze the data. Data gathering did continue till the data saturation occurred. Results: The study population included 27 females and 11 males with the mean age of 40.8 ± 8.3 years and mean period of employment of 19.3 ± 8.1 years. Five categories emerged including application of knowledge and skills, having authority, self-confidence, being supported, and unification. Conclusion: Empowerment is a multi dimensional process that is affected by personal and environmental factors. It seems that the emerged categories could use for developing an empowerment model for nurses. An experimental study is suggested for testing the results of this research.

Background: Having healthy children is parents ambition. Having an ill infant with congenital and genetic disorders may be associated with lots of problems. Holding premarraige classes for girls is one of the most important duties of health care centers. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of premarraige counseling on girls knowledge in Kerman city. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study of before and 2-8 week-after the counseling was carried out on 116 randomly selected girls attending the premarriage classes in Kerman. Having confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, personal characteristics and phrases assessing the girls knowledge were asked. It was composed of 4 separate parts (anomaly prevention, prenatal care, birth control, and breast feeding) each applied to 6 phrases with highest and least of mark 6 and 0. Paired t-test was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 22.1±4.2 years. The girls mean knowledge mark before and after the counseling was 3.9±0.1 and 4.6±1 for anomaly prevention, 4.3±1.2 and 4.6±1.1 for prenatal care, 2.4±1.7 and 3.9±1.6 for birth control, and 3.7±1.7 and 4.4±3.7 for breast feeding, respectively (p<0.00). Conclusion: Premarriage counseling does influence on girls knowledge. Special attention should be paid to prenatal care and birth control.

Background: Euphorbiaceae family is a large family of medical plants, containing over 800 species. This rather important family of plants could be used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer and neuralgia. Euphorbia microsciada has not yet undergone phytochemical studies, thus, the present study was achieved. Materials and methods: It was an exploratory study. The plant was obtained form Kohak region in Qom-Kashan road. Extraction was performed by maceration in methanol. Extracts was finally dried and using silica gel column chromatography and various solvents, separation and then identification of constitutes were carried out. Techniques of NMR, Mass, IR and UV were employed for this purpose. Results: Four fractions were obtained from the extract, which were Ma7, MgIII, MgIV, and Md70. Structural determination showed the presence of linear alkane, nonacosane in fraction Ma7. In fraction MgIII, the terpenoid β-sitosterol was identified and in fraction MgIV, cycloclarkeanol was isolated. Nothing was identified from Md70 fraction. Conclusion: For the first time nonacosane, terpenoid β-sitosterol, and cycloclarkeanol were isolated from Euphorbia microsciada

Background: Epilepsy is common neurologic disorder that affects children more frequently than adults. However, wrong belief and traditions of some regions have made this as a noncurable disease. During the present study we have evaluated the family attitude of a patients with epilepsy hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, 1378-79. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study. Having found the address of the patients hospitalized with epilepsy, we referred to their house and asked their first degree relative (father, mother, sister, brother) to fill a questionnaire including their educational level, noncurability of epilepsy, life-long usage of drugs, genetic susceptibility, and if the epilepsy is a contagious disease. Results: Of 393 first degree relatives, 81 (20.6%) have stated epilepsy is a noncurable disease. 344(87.5%) have believed that the patients should receive the life-time drugs, however, 359(91.3%) had no opinion about the drugs side effects. 47 (12%) thought it is a contagious disease and 221(56.2%) stated non-drug based therapy. 44.6% of females and 31.4% of males have concealed their disease. 58(14.7%) were aware of social, and individual limitations. 228(58%) believed that it is possible to receive higher education. Conclusion: Results have revealed that we are facing not only the lack of general information regarding the epilepsy but also there still exists wrong belief in this regards. We require informative data in order to improve the general population knowledge and attitude in this regard.

Background: Addiction is a worldwide problem usually affecting young adults. Different environmental, psychological and social factors may aggravate the situation. The present study was conducted to determine psychological and personality characteristics of young addicted subjects in Kashan in 1379. Materials and methods: For this descriptive study, 100 young addicted subjects aged 15-30 years were included. A demographic questionnaire as well as Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was completed for all subjects. Finally, the psychologic profile of the candidate was drawn according to his score and an interview achieved by a psychiatrist. The role psychological and personality factors were determined. Results: Anxiety(43%) and depression(34%) were the most common psychological problems followed by antisocial personality(31%) and schizoid (30%). Married subjects were more likely to develop anxiety, however, single subjects developed depression. Conclusion: With respect to the high prevalence of anxiety and depression in addicted subjects, further studies are highly recommended to treat the affected subjects.

Background: With respect to the prevalence of leishmaniosis in our country and the problems occurred in the therapeutic approaches and also with respect to the previous successful reports of paromomycin efficacy in this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of paromomycin and gentamicine sulphate on promastigotes of Leishmania major. Materials and methods: It was an experimental study. The base of films composed of ethyl cellulose and HPMC (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose) containing paromomycin 15% and gentamicine 0.5%. To determine the rate and duration release from the films and its killing effects on leishmania promastigotes, a cloning system of parasite was established by using a set of modified NNN medium without liquid layer. The medium plates were divided in 3 groups, the media contain of drug films, placebo films, and media containing no film. Results: results showed no colonies of Leishmania in a 30mm radius envelop the drug films. On the other hand, grown colonies of Leishmania promastigotes were found in placebo and control plates. Frequency of dead parasites were 98% and 5% in the placebo-control plates and drug plates, respectively (p<0.000). Conclusion: Paromomycin and gentamicine drug films have good potential of drug releasing and suitable killing effects in vitro condition. It is suggested that the therapeutic effect of this new form of drug be achieved in human models.

Background: With respect to the importance of medical record as a useful tool for supervision, assessment, and planning in order to improve our system facilities, the present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of medical record department of specialized-teaching hospitals of Iran Medical Science University in 1380. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study. Data were gathered via checklist through face-to-face interview. Performance evaluation was achieved in 4 different categories; reception, coding, statistics, and archiving, each with 8-9 indices. Results: Total performance of the medical record department was 55.4%. Coding and statistics units have the best (64.2%) and the worst (50%) scoring. The least index of reception and coding units was the presence of a guideline (20%). Shaheed Heshemi Nejad and Shaheed Navab Safavi had the best and worst performance, respectively (70.5% vs. 48.8%). Conclusion: The overall performance of the evaluated hospitals was good. Preparing specific guidelines, staffing and employing graduates of medical records, implementation of continuous and regualra training courses, design of suitable software package, allocation of budget, space and equipment may improve medical record department performance.

Background: This study was performed to determine the type and number of the fungus species including saprophyte, opportunistic and pathogen in the salt desert region of Ardestan township in 1375. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was conducted by Petri-dish trapping technique. 9 different locations were selected (saltiferous, salt desert forest, agriculture ground, fruit garden, city space, pigeon space, ranches space, poultry space, and canal wells including wild pigeon). From the first 5 locations 75 samples and from the other 4 locations 40 petri-dish were obtained. Results: Totally, 1051 fungus colonies were counted from 115 petir-dishes. The most common fungi were peniccilium spp., cladosporium spp., aspergillus spp., alternaria spp., and yeasts. Number of fungus colonies were as follow: at the evening 45.5%, in the morning 27.7%, and at noon 26.8%. Canal wells including wild pigeons had shown to have the most variable types of fungi, meanwhile, the biggest yeast colony numbers were isolated form this location. Furthermore, 3 fungus species similar to sporothrix schenchii were isolated from this site. Conclusion: The place of sampling and environmental factors may influence the number and type of fungi in the salt desert region. The biggest fungus colonies were isolated form ranches space and the smallest from salt march regions. Meanwhile, some fungi such as peniccilium spp., cladosporium spp., aspergillus spp., alternaria spp are able to grow even in unsuitable environmental conditions.

Background: With respect to the known side effects of morphine and the necessity of morphine usage during surgery and also with respect to the controversies about the dosage of morphine, the present study was conducted on the patients undergoing abdominal surgery in Namazi hospital to compare the effects of morphine at the dosage of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4mg/kg. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was achieved on 82 patients with ASA class of I aged 20-50 years. Patients were randomly assigned in 4 groups. Having access the IV line 500ml ringer lactate was administered. Anesthetic-related medications were similar in all groups. The first group received 0.1mg/kg and the other groups received 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4mg/kg morphine. The effects of drug on heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was evaluated before the induction, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after the induction and results were compared using variance analysis. Results: Groups were matched according to the sex, age, type of surgery, and surgery duration. Groups did not show any significant difference in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. During the first 10-hour in recovery room, there was not any significant difference between the groups regarding the pain occurrence. Increment in morphine dosage did not delay the pain-free duration. Conclusion: Different dosage of morphine did not influence on hemodynamic alterations. Thus, it is recommended to administer morphine at low dosage.