OLYMPIC
Year:2003 | Volume:10 | Issue:3-4 (SERIAL 22)|Papers Count:13

Regrading the fact that anthropometric indices are affected by gender, age, race and ethnicity, socio-economic status, culture, etc. The present research was an attempt to investigate the relationship between the anthropometric indices such as WHR, BMI, %BF, WSR and health risk factors such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes including total cholesterol concentration (Tcho), Trglyceride (TG), HighDensity Lipoprotein (HDL), Low - Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Risk factor (RF = LDL/HDL), and Fasting blood sugar (FBS). This project also involves the rate of such anthropometric indices in active/inactive individuals, and, finally, has aimed at the standardization of WHR among the men of 40 and above in Ahvaz city. The present study was a correlation field study in which subjects were of 150 voluntary men of 40 and above who were measured for their anthropometric indices and being active/inactive. Also 63 subjects were selected out of the above population for the measurement of blood variables. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Hest, The analysis of the data resulted in four cases of significant relationship as follows: A: Between WHR and four risk factors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which are FBS (r = 0.311, p= 0.013), Tcho (r= 0.365, p= 0.003), TG (r= 0.299. p=O.017) and VLDL (r= 0.594, p C: Betwee %BF and three risk factors of cardiovascular disease, including Tcho (r= 0.424, p= 0.001), TG (r= 0.345), p= 0.004), and VLDL (r= 0.583, p< 0.001). D: Between WSR and three risk factors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which are FBS (r= .260), Tcho (r= 0.347, p= 0.005), and VLDL (r=0.521, p E: It was also revealed that in the men of 40 and above in Ahwaz the norms of the WHR, BMI, %BF, and WSR for the risk of exposure to cardiovascular disease and Diabetes are 0.936, 26.3 KgIM, %22.3, and 0.551, respectively. There appeared difference between active and inactive men of 40 and above in the rates of WHR, BMI, %BF and WSR. Moreover, the rates of these indices appeared to be more in the inactive group. In summary, it seems that WHR is more robust than the other indices in predicting the probability of the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the men of 40 and above in Ahvaz.

The purpose of this research was to compare the change of height of vertebra column in 2 kilometer jogging versus Copper running test. The subject under study is a group of 40 female students from physical education department in shahid Chamran University, which were randomly divided into two 20 member groups. The measured variables in this research were the changes of height of the vertebra column-distance between C7 to S2- which were measured by means of local surface anatomy and anthropometries method and in three different occasions. (Morning, Pre test, Post test). In this way, the change of height vertebra column in subject of both group were collected as raw data. Following that, results were evaluated by calculating mean and standard deviation which were shown in descriptive tables, further analysis was done by using methods of inference statistics ("t" test with P< %99) which showed there is a significant difference between the compressive forces acting on the vertebra column during running as opposed to jogging. Result indicates that during the day, by doing daily activities, compressive forces on the vertebra column gradually causes decrease of the height of vertebra column. Moreover, by doing additional activities like physical exercise and sport this decrease will be clearer.

Profile of Mood States (POMS) is quickly gaining popularity in sport and exercise context. Good validity and reliability has been found for its Farsi translation. This test assesses six major mood states (tension, depression, aggression, vigour, fatigue, and confusion) which are belived to be correlated with athletic performance. Because this test is widely applicable to different sports, special norm in each sport is undoubtedly needed. The present study aimed to provide such norms for each mood states in seven sports (Basketball, Football, Volleyball, Boxing, Track and Field, Martial arts, and Wrestling). The present study did not aim to compard mood states in different sports.

The puepose of this research was to determine the relation between IQ and reaction and movement time of female athlete and non-athlete students. The Sample of this study included 60 Volunteer students of University ofGilan (21.72 # 1.88 yes.) from differenl majors who had no previous history of sport participation. The athlete students included 64 Undegraduate students of department of physical Education (22.66 ‡‡ 1.53 yes) who had at least two years of exprience in sports.Intelligence Quetient was determined by using Kettle"s scale IQ test version B which is assumed Culture Free. By Applying Normative tables, IQ of the participants was defermined. Reaction timela was employed to measure the reaction and movement time in two separate stages. At the first stage, simple reaction and movoment time was measured. At the second stage, choice reaction and movement time was obtained.peanson correlation coefficient was used to test the association between the variables. The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant relation between the IQ and Simple reaction time of athlete and non- alhlete students.There was a significant reation between the IQ and choice relation time of athlete and non-athlete students. Also, there was a Significant relation between the IQ and simple movement of non-athlete students but not for the athlete students. Finally, there was no signidicant relation between the IQ and Choice movement time of athlete and non-athlete students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exhaustive exercise on oxidative stress and creatine kinase in athletic students. 40 students (with age mean 23.4:t1.7 years, heigh 169.5:t4.76Cm, weight 67:t6.2Kg, BMI 23.35:t 1.7, and V02 max 48.33:t4.34 mllkg.min) voluntarily participated in the study, and their oxidative stress marker means malondealdhede (MDA or TBARS) and carbonylated proteins (CP) and creatine kinase (CK) as muscular damage marker were measured before and ofter exhaustive exercise on Ergometer. plasma volume decrease induced changes in CP, CK and MDA corrected by use of Dill and Costill formula. PairedCP and MDA (TBARS) significantly unchanged (p=.359 and p=.30l), whereas CK significantly increase (p=.OOl). CK showed no positive and correlation with CP and MDA neither in rest nor after exhaustive exercise (p=.97, p=41 and p=.005, p=.60). It was concluded that, exhaustive exercise do not increase oxidative stress in athletics, but induce muscular damage. Thus muscular damage and oxidative stress do not correlate significantly and positively. Hest indicatea that after exhaustive exercise

The purpose of this research was to determine the reaction and response speed of male students aged 11 to 14 years by using Nelson choice response movement test. 110 male students were randomly selected from the guidance schocls of distinct one of the city of Tehran. reaction time and response time were collected according to the prescribed procedures. statistical analysis was performed on the data and the results of analysis showed that the mean time of responses for the first, second, and third grade of guidance school students were 2.12±0.10, 2.08±0.08, and 1.99± 0.10 seconds, respectively. These results were statistically significant across the grades (p<0.000) with mean ages of 11.62,12.23, and 13.69 years, respectivly. The results obtained may be considered as norms for twice grades.

The present research deals with the effect of vitamins E and C in preventing the immunity aberation of athletes of the Teacher Training University. In this research 45 athlete students were studied in four groups of control, vitamin E, Vitamin C and combination of vitamins E and C. Students of the group of vitamin consumers took a daily dose of 400 mg. vitamin E, l00mg. vitamin C, and combined 400 mg. vitamin E and 1000 mg. vitamin C and placebo respectively for 15 days. After 15 days, all students underwent the Bruce Test on the treadmill up to the stage of complete fatigue. Then blood samples of the students were taken before, immediately after, and two hours after the activity in order to measure the total number of white blood cells (W.B.C), neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, CD8+/CD4+ ratio, concentration of IgM, IgG serum and phagocytosis activity of neutrophils. Immediately after the activity in all four groups, the total number of white bolld cells, neutrophils, mbnocytes (excluding the control group), CD8+, IgM concentration (excluding th control group), CD8+, IgM concentration (excluding the vitamin E group), IgG, IgA and phagocytosis activity increased and CD4+/CD8+ ration decreased. At the time of comparing the average of the four groups, these variations were only significant about decrease of monocytes percentage in the blood samples taken immediately after the activity in the control group comparing to the other groups (p<%5). Two hours after the activity, the total number of white blood cells, neutrophils, CD4+/CD8+ ration, concentration ofIgM and phagocytosis activity, concentration of IgG in the control and combined vitamins E and C groups increased whereas they decreased in the vitamin E and Vitamin C group. None ofthere variations were significant when these groups were compared with each other (p<%5), which is probably due to the short period of the activity or short priod of consumption of vitamins with the doses used in this research.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physical and psychological pressures on employed women resulting from working along with comparing them in two groups of athletes and non-athletes. In order to perform the research, 386 employees from different offices in Tehran were selected randomly from different classes and their psychic and physical condition was studied. Causal comparative method of research were used and in order to gather the research information, subjects filled out personal and psychological questionnaires as well as being evaluated physically. Spinal cord condition on the back of chest plane, knees on kaltor Mator, sole are by pediascope and finger-thumb curves evaluated to gather physical information from the employees. Finally, back femoral and lumber condition was screened through flexibility tests. According to the research results, job variations did not have significant influence on physical pressures, but job factors like type and position influence psychological pressures significantly. Job pressures and psychic pressures influenced athletes less than non-athletes.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of static stretching before eccentric contractions on DOMS. 21 voluntary female university students (P.E. students) were selected and then were randomly divided in two grops (control group N = 11 and experimental group N = 10). All subjects were right handed. As pre test venus blood sampling of all subjects were taken and after that experimental group performed static stretching on shoulder, elbow and arm for 15 minutes, then they performed eccentric contraction. Control group performed, only eccentric contraction. Venus blood sampling were given post test, 24 and 48 hours after that and sensation soreness were assessed by pain chart. The results showed that, eccentic contractions induced DOMS and CK, LDH levels increased in two groups (especially in experimental group), post test and continusly 24 hours after that the but" the effects of static streetching of CK, LDH enzymes and DOMS aren"t significant.

There are few studies considering the effect of intensive physical exercises on humoral immune responses and the reported results are controversial as well. In this investigation we studied the effects of wrestling exercises in 90%-95% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 80% - 85% HRR strength during per-competitive season and competitive season on serum IgG, IgA and IgM of young wrestlers. For this purpose 37 young wrestlers with mean age of 19.5±2 year, height 175.±6.8 cm, weight 69.6±7.5kg, fat percent 9.6%± 0.71, maximal oxygen consumption 55.4±3.4 m1./ kg/min and body mass index 22.4±1.9kg/ m2 were divided to two groups"by random sampling method. The test group was doing a special protocol of exercises during the percompetitive season (3 month) and competitive season (1 month). The conttol group didn"t participate in any physical exercise. Peripheral blood were obtained from both groups in resting season, at the end of per-competitive and competitive seasons and two weeks after the recovery season and the concentrations of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were determined by SRID. The two groups were similar regarding the selected humoral immune markers and body variables at the beginning of the study. In per-competitive season the serum IgG, IgA and IgM of two groups were not different significantly (p>0.05). During the competitive season the concentration of IgG increased 65% (p=0.001) and IgA decreased 70% (p<0.05) respectively and these changes were statically significant. There was no significant difference between two groups during the recovery season regarding our variables. The obtained results showed that humoral immune system of young wrestlers have some temporary variations during the competitive season but regarding the temporary nature of these variations their importance is not completely understood. The decrease in plasma volume and immediate exchanges of plasma proteins are among the mechanisms that can explain the changes in immunoglobulin concentrations during the competitive season.