Journal of National Studies
Year:2011 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 (46)|Papers Count:11

While Qafqaz, a main part of Iran beyond the Aras river, was occupied; together with political and social evolution in Qadjar period, Persian literature and poem also reacted.Entering Qadjar period’s poet in stage of literary works, a new interim in Iran's literature history began which researchers call "Combat Poem " and " Anti- Occupying Literature ".Began with Iran-Russia battles, " Anti-Occupying Poem " diversified Iran' s literature and so depicted the struggle of Qafqaz people against Czarist Russia.The pioneer poet who reminded Iran- Russia battles are so important because in Qadjar period Iran’s literature and culture was just imitation and trite.Forming " Anti-Occupying Literature ", this poem which was in throes of death, again revived and Persian poem found a new life.

The Qom of enjoying the attractions like religious shrine of Masumeh and Jamkaran Mosque has changed to one of the most important religious and pilgrimage tourism Subjects in Iran. Furthermore to according to Centrality religious schools in the qom city and the Islamic Revolution to title spiritual capital, if necessary capacity building can communicate with religious sites and the production and publication of religious thought in the world to take action. This paper studies type is descriptive and analytical and direction of data collection combined documentary research methods, library and used the field and using the SWOT model, strengths and weaknesses and opportunities and threats points, tourism development in the metropolis of Qom been analyzed and to overcome obstacles to tourism development with emphasis on cultural functions Religious city of qom appropriate strategies are presented.Some research results show that the optimal use of Religious and historical attractions and cultural Qom attractions in addition to economic benefits lead to promote Islamic culture and values, introduce pure Islamic culture and revolutionary values – Iranian and enriching the spiritual culture in international levels, national and regional.However, to achieve religious tourism development - economic infrastructure to improve cultural, physical, social and cultural fields to providing samples to create a pilgrimage town seems to be necessary.

Historical experiments, belonging to the discourse of "return to self" & most importantly, the special reading of imam Khomeini on Islam, are the most important effective factors on imam's view to identity. These factors has caused he_imam in making priority among different factors_, mostly emphasizes on Islam and therefore, in reconstructing national identity after revolution sees identity from perspective of Islam. This ontological priority has caused that identity be described by suffix of religion. Nonetheless, what makes complexity in imam's view is linking between identity and politics. So, national identity being synonyms to political identity. Therefore, surveying mentioned factors on imam's view, reconstructing of identity after revolution by imam, & linkage between religious identity and political identity are the most important questions of this article.

State is a human phenomenon and a result of his political insight. This concept is including independent political-geographical determining that they are the most important division of the present world. At first it is created in Iran and in Achaemenian period. State continued in Arsacian's period and in Sassanid’s period with defines the concept of Iranshahr, state phenomenon and national identity of Iranian people is stabilized. With arrival of Islam, territory of Iran became part of Darol-islam and Iranian people became part of Muslim nations. Islam did not pay attention to territorial concepts and political boundaries, thus order of state in Iran was ruined. Ferdowsi was observing invasion, insecurity and ups and downs of state in this epoch. Therefore he created Shahnameh with studying the Iranian ancient origins and rules of managing of the state at Sassanid’s period. In this research, by studying Ferdowsi's Shahnameh we recognize word and concept of the state, discussing of its application, equivalents, events of the state and concept of boundary. Then we will show that Shahnameh is evidence of acquaintance of Iranian with concept of the state and boundary in ancient epoch and before Westphalia.

Al-Ahmad as acritical thinker that attitude critical view and attention to the selfish identity challanged the West and the Westernization and ultimately rejecting it, expressed the idea of "Return to the Self".Al-Ahmad for the treatment of retardation and release of the community from domination of the West, points its attention to two important factors: internal and external. retardation and Gharbzadegi (infatuation with the West) in his thought imphy process in different political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Accordingly, he, on the one hand attends to the problem of Gharbzadegi (infatuation with the West) and on the other hand to the problem of Intellectual."Return to the Self" is his solution for the treatment of illness of retardation and escape from the problems of society. Return to Self means return to system of values, culture, relgion and idea of self: Islam.Consequently, he wants to reform of intellectual and clergy and come these to the scene and creating links between the two main intellectual agents in Iranian society.

The purpose of this study is to answer this question: "What are the social & cultural factors related to national identities? " To reach this purpose 600 people of high- school students (girls & boys) of Ahvaz city have been investigated through a survey by the means of questionnaire. Theoretical framework of this investigation is provided by Castells’ theories.The results of testing the hypothesis show that there are significant relations between some variables such as: parents' level of education, being the native of Quzestan province, location of home, language of speaking at home, religiosity and historical knowledge about national identity. Mass medias such as; national T.V, national radio, Arabic radios& non-Persian sites show correlation with National Identity. Also, the results of multivariate analysis show that 6 variables of independent variables entered in regression. They confirm 37/7 percent of variation of national Identity. Variables of religiousness, national TV & national radio; are three most important variables, which in first 3 stages have been entered in regression. Among them, independent variable of religiousness shows the most positive correlation with National Identities of respondents.

Edition of textbooks are the main plans of any government to form and manipulate the minds of its new generations of any country to reach to their long term goals. In this regard, history textbooks due to their socio political outputs are endowed with great importance. Following the separation of Caucasus from Iran, the Russians implemented many programs to breach any cultural relations between the nations of this region and Iran.The turning point of these actions, were the omission of Persian language and Arabic writing, and recognition of Cyrillic alphabet in Caucasus and the central Asia. Since the third decade of 20thcentury, there began a new system of history writing based on undocumented contents. The main features of this method of history writing were to battle the intellectual potentiality of the region including the genuine inclinations of the people to Iran and Islam. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, not only an independent way of history writing was not originated in this republic, but also the Soviet defined clichés were expanded and developed with much more energy. The lack of historical background for more than one hundred year, and as for the lack of enough practice of government administration are the main reasons for encouraging undocumented history writing in Azerbaijan To describe this approach, the present article intends to examine the history textbooks of the fifth, ninth, eleventh grades further to a few university textbooks.

Edition of textbooks are the main plans of any government to form and manipulate the minds of its new generations of any country to reach to their long term goals. In this regard, history textbooks due to their socio political outputs are endowed with great importance. Following the separation of Caucasus from Iran, the Russians implemented many programs to breach any cultural relations between the nations of this region and Iran.The turning point of these actions, were the omission of Persian language and Arabic writing, and recognition of Cyrillic alphabet in Caucasus and the central Asia. Since the third decade of 20thcentury, there began a new system of history writing based on undocumented contents. The main features of this method of history writing were to battle the intellectual potentiality of the region including the genuine inclinations of the people to Iran and Islam. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, not only an independent way of history writing was not originated in this republic, but also the Soviet defined clichés were expanded and developed with much more energy. The lack of historical background for more than one hundred year, and as for the lack of enough practice of government administration are the main reasons for encouraging undocumented history writing in Azerbaijan To describe this approach, the present article intends to examine the history textbooks of the fifth, ninth, eleventh grades further to a few university textbooks.