Police Historical Studies
Year:2017 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:6

Lorestan as a combrous mountainous region with a nomadic social context, coincided with the rise of Reza Shah, was insecure, like other parts of Iran. In pursuit of his policies and agenda, Reza Shah sought to establish security in the region through military force. Since the implementation and success of military operations depended on the use of various tools, especially military fortifications, tower-building was considered as a military structure. This paper seeks to investigate the objectives of Reza Shah with the descriptive-analytical method, along with the explanation of the use of military forces from the tower and tower-building in Lorestan. The findings of this research show that, Reza Shah, in pursuit of his goals: protecting roads and road builders, taking toll road, announcing the orders and reports of the region, and maintaining his achievements in building the tower in Lorestan. Accordingly, from the beginning of the advance of the army in Lorestan to the complete deployment of security in the region (from 1300 to 1312), during three stages, many towers were erected in Lorestan, especially in the elevations of the Tehran-Khuzestan communication road and the nomadic routes.

Conflicts and social crises are the origin of many insecurities, moral and social wickedness in society. In this regard, the researchers aimed at writing the article, analyzing and reviewing the main questions of the research were: 1. What internal factors have led to the growth of insecurity and social crises in the Naseri era?; 2. Is there a relation between the interference of Russia and the United Kingdom and the spread of insecurity and social crises in Iran during the Naseri era? The research method is a descriptive-analytical method, with emphasis on the documents and resources of the Naseri era. The findings of this study show that Iran's age of Nasseri has been confronted with insecurity, crises, difficulties and internal and external turmoils, including: a) internal elements of social insecurity, such as prevalence of cholera, Political failure, moral vices, poverty and suffering, unemployment and economic bankruptcy, the growth of various social diseases, the diminished social-moral capital, the lack of bread, scientific poverty, the plundering of rural resources by local rulers. B) External elements of social insecurity, such as: Russia's and Britain's interference in Iran's economic and political affairs, granting various privileges to foreigners and intrigue them in the process of modernization and domestic production in Iran, are the main components of social crises in the Qajar period of the Naseri era.

The present article seeks to study and review the Evolution of Nazmiyeh in the first Pahlavi era, since the 3 Esfand coup d'é tat (1921) to World War II. To this end, while using the historical method, following the answer to this fundamental question, What happened to the Nazmiyeh (law enforcement force) in the first Pahlavi era? The research findings show that after the 3 Esfand coup d'é tat, Reza Shah tried to integrate all centers of power in order to consolidate his power. To this end, Reza Shah dismissed Swedish officers, and Mohammad Dargahi – that strongly loyal to him-appointed to head of Nazmiyeh. He also provided the ground for Reza Shah to reach the throne. Following the creation of the Pahlavi dynasty, Reza Shah, in view of the militarized nature of his government, strengthened the Nazmiyeh. During this period, various changes occurred in the organization of the order, changes in its structure and organization, the establishment of a cadre and modern staff training, attracting financial resources and increasing the number of employees, adopting new laws, etc., among them. Hence, a law enforcement force institution with new organization and principles was created for the first time in Iranian history

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the Kurdish regions of northwestern Iran were the scene of one of the crises that the newly formed government and the opposition Kurdish political groups, were considered to be two of the main components of the scene. On the one hand, the regime used its forces to establish security in its country, and on the other hand, rebel groups fought militarily against government forces to achieve their goals. The outcome of these two components was the emergence of a crisis and military conflicts and the creation of successive insecurities during the early years after the victory of the revolution. In this research, the author has tried to investigate the causes and consequences of the difference between the Interim Government of Mehdi Bazargan and Mohammad-ValiGharani, the first Chief-of-Staff of the Iranian Army after the Iranian Revolution, in dealing with the events of Kurdistan through a descriptive-analytical method using library resources. The results of this research show that there was a divergent view among the Bazargan and the Gharani in the way of dealing with the counter-revolution in Kurdistan, in such a way that the interim government wanted a compassionate and peaceful way, but SepahbodQarani, while adopting the aforementioned policy, Was a supporter of countering counter-revolutionary and separatist elements. Eventually, this controversy led to the dismissal of SepahbodGharani, which brought the Kurdistan crisis to years of war.

Social cohesion is a situation that illustrates how engagement, commitment, and sense of responsibility and the cohesion of a community, and one of the reasons for the different functioning of societies in creating effective institutions and achieving progress and development. On the other hand, it is the result of coherence, order and social security. Religion has long been the most important factor of solidarity and social cohesion, especially since the pre-modern era. In the Islamic world, religions and religious institutions were the focal point for identity, cohesion and social order, and the type of religious policy has been effective in strengthening or weakening social order and social cohesion. During the tumultuous period of the last years of the Safavid period, Shah Sultan Hussein made a number of measures with his religious policy, which left many influences on order and security and social cohesion. This article, using historical analysis, examines the most important actions of Shah Sultan Hussein in the field of religious politics in terms of creating order and social cohesion. Research findings show that this religious policy, by ignoring the principle of religious tolerance, stigmatization of ethnic and religious minorities, and religious conflicts, provided a cause for weakening of social cohesion and order and social security.

In the era of the rule of the Mongol Ilkhans in Iran, the women of the ruling family found a greater and more active presence on the political and social scenes. In such a situation, which was rooted in the tribal traditions of this ruler, the mothers and spouses of the Ilkhans enjoyed a significant role in various government affairs, including the appointment of successors, and policy-Divani dismissals and appointment. Meanwhile, one of the less well-known areas is the role played by women in court, their presence and influence in affairs related to the troops, or in modern sound: military security issues. Given the foundation and military function of the Ilkhani government and the importance of the troops in this period and the continuation of military conflicts during their life, the question is: What the position and the presence of women in the ruling dynasty, in the military and related issues, such as wars? Therefore, the question about how and about the extent of this presence and influence is the main focus of this paper, so that the dimensions of the subject can be examined using the descriptive-analytical method. The present study shows that the role of the women in the ruling Khalq tribal period in the military security field has had different dimensions and outcomes that include the inspiring accompaniment with the Mongol Ilkhans in the wars and participation in military decisions to foment or prevent the war, and It brought peace.