FINDINGS SCIENCE
Year:2011 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

The growing interest in substation of chemical food preservatives, both antimicrobials and antioxidants, by natural ones has fostered research on the vegetable sources and screening of plant extracts and essentials in order to identify acceptable natural alternatives. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of different essential oils on foodborne pathogens and/or food spoilage microorganisms, first should study them in laboratory models and them in food. In this study, were investigated essential oils effects of thymus, mentha, satureji on growth inhibition of spore and sporulation of aspergillus niger by different concentrations(0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4.5 mg/ml)in broth media during time interval at different tempretures (37oc, 26oc, 10oc) Results:essential oils leaves and flowers from thymus kutschyanus satureja hortensis and menthe longifolia obtained by hydrodistillation by Clevenger type apparatus was analyzed by GC/MS. Volatile oila of thymus and satureja at 37oc by concentrations 0.4, 0.8 µg/ml, showed Oils of thymus & saturega showed MIC=2.5 mg/ml in condium inhibition of aspergillus niger. Mentha in this tests, had less than effect, in comparison to others. In addition, effects of both essential oils (thymus & satureja) by concentration 1.5 mg/ml was better than mentha oil (MIC=2.5 mg/ml).

The brine shrimp (Artemia) is in the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, which is used as an alive food in the aquaculture, so paying attention to chemical component of Artemia cysts seems essential. Recent study was based on comparison of cysts fatty acids in Arak and Qom. Samples were collected (2009), dried, decapsulated by common methods and finally analysed by Gass-cromatography (GC). Data were analysed by SPSS version 18 and One-Way ANOVA test. The results showed that cysts of Arak and Qom (C18:2n6cis, C20:5n and C20:5n3) had significant difference (P<0.05) while C18:3n3 didn, t show significant difference.Samples of Arak cysts fatty acids such as C18:3n3 showed significant difference to C18:2n6cis, C22:6n3 and C20:5n3 (P<0.05) and C20:5n3 had significant difference to C22:6n3 (P<0.05).In Qom, C18:2n6cis had significant difference to C20:5n3 and C22:6n3, also C22:6n3 showed significant difference to C18:2n6cis (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between C22:6n3 and C20:5n3. Totally, nourishment value of Arak cysts is higher than Qom cycts.

To investigate mite fauna in stored wheat of Tehran province (Tehran, Karaj, Varamin and Islamshahr) some samples were collected from silos, mills and flour mills in autumn and winter on 2004.In the preset study, 20 species belonging to 11 families and three orders namely Astigmata, Prostigmata and Mesostigmata were identified. The species Raphignathus collegiatus Atyeo, Baker & Crossley, 1961 is recorded for the first time in stored mite fauna of Tehran province.Analysis data for frequency of species two seasons showed no significant difference, but was more in flour-mills and less in silos. There was significant difference between places (flour mills, silos, mills) for frequency of mites and the highest amount was for flour mills. Also there was no any significant difference between two seasons with t test for frequency of mites.

Tolerance and dependency are two main problems of drug abuse including morphine administration. It has been suggested that many drugs are involved in morphine –induced psychological dependency. The current study was aimed to determine that, whether or not long-term intracerebroventricular (ICV) perfusion of testosterone enanthate could modify the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult male wistar rat.Male wistar rats (250-300gr) were anaesthetized with chloral hydrate (500 mg/kg, i.p.). Guide cannula was implanted in the right lateral ventricle using stereotaxic instrument. After one week recovery from surgery, rats subjected to subcutaneous administration of morphine on training days, and long-term ICV perfusion of testosterone enanthate (2 ml/min for 2 hours) using microdialysis probe and guide cannula on testing day. Biased method was used to determine the induction of CPP in rats. Changes were monitored in all groups; and all statistical analysis was carried out using absolute data and one-way ANOVA.The present results indicated that subcutaneous of different doses of morphine sulfate (0.5-10 mg/kg) produced a significant dose-dependent CPP in all experimental groups. The ICV perfusion of testosterone enanthate (2 mg/kg) did not produce reliable CPP, however, long-term ICV perfusion of testosterone enanthate significantly modified the expression of morphine-induced (10 mg/kg) conditioned place preference.So, testosterone enanthate increase morphine dependent euphoria and /or reward.

Raloxifene is a non-steroidal selective estrogen-receptor modulator. Since raloxifene affects sex hormone of females, it is prescribed only for women. In this study, the effect of raloxifene is investigated on kidney in mice offspring Balb/C race. The research was done on 42 pregnant mice, with average weight of 30 to 36 g and 10 weeks age. The animals were divided in 7 groups, each group 6 mice. Control group received no raloxifene. Treatment groups received 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/kg of raloxifene. Treatment duration, was both during the last week of pregnancy and during the whole pregnancy period. Babies of mice were born and were sacrificed. The number, weight and length of babies is measured.Then we removed the kidneys of babies, and measured the length and the width of kidneys. Next, we investigated the diameter of glomerulus’s, Bowman’s capsule, distal tubule, proximal tubule and the number of masengial cells. In the study of tissue of experimental groups, necrosis and histological changes weren’t observed. The results, showed that raloxifene is decreased significantly the number of mice babies and their length and weight, but the length and the width of kidneys was significantly increased. Also, the diameter of Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus’s, distal tubule and proximal tubule and the number of masengial cells did not change. So according to these results, we concluded that raloxifene is occurred morphometeric changes and did not affect the structure of kidney tissues.

Along with increased age, learning and memory being two of the survival necessities decrease and may even deteriorate. This has motivated researches in the field of geriatric medicine to find new medicines effective on learning and memory amplification. Studies have shown that through advanced age, increased oxidative stressors lead to damaged brain processes including cognitive functions. Since green tea epigallocatechin gallate contain antioxidants, this study aimed to examine the effect of this material on passive avoidance learning in adult male wistar rats.forty two male wistar rats, each weighing about 250-300 g were divided into tree sham group, control group (animals administered with solvent) and experimental group (animals administered with 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg per day of green tea EGCG). All of groups with no limitation had access to water vessel. To prevent modification of ingredients, vessels contents were regularly refreshed. The green tea EGCG or normal saline were administered through intraperitoneally (ip), once daily for two consecutive weeks. The passive avoidance learning test was done in the Shuttle box device following intending treatments for all groups and in similar conditions. In this test, increased time delay for the first time of entry to the dark chamber and decreased remaining time in the dark chamber indicates improved passive avoidance learning. The data were analyzed by spss soft one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test.Findings: Compared with the intact and control group, passive avoidance learning indices had significantly increased in the test group.Conclusion: Our results show that administered epigallocatechin gallate causes increased learning and passive avoidance indices in rats; probably the reason was existence of antioxidant, decrease lipid peroxide production and reduce oxidative DNA damage effects of these compounds.

 Leaf flavonoids as one set of the polyphenolic compounds in plants is used in plant chemosystematics for finding relationship between plants and inferring phylogeny. Flavonoids have basic role in pollination and life cycle of anthmophyllus plants and also their spreading abroad and survival. Phytochemical studies of 7 species of Polygonum (Polygonaceae) carried out on collected plant materials from different region of Markazi Province. Detection, isolation and identification of flavonoids were done using 2-dimentional paper chromatography (2-DPC) and available references. Results showed all of studied Polygonum species contain flavon C- and C-/O-glycosides. P. hyrcanicum had the most flavonoid variation and concentration and P. convolvolus species with having just one flavonoid had the least. Flavonoid sulphates was found just in P. persicaria species.

Nowadays medical research focus on medical plants instead of chemical drugs and because of this, produce scientific base is necessary factor for identifying them. Among medical plants, pineapple has not considered in Iran, so in this research effect of 85% alcoholic extract by using streak culture and measuring the diameter of inhibitory zone on the Sabro Dextrose Agar were studied. The results showed that alcoholic extracts on 14% Concentration had remarkable antifungal on Candida albicans. Higher inhibitory effect on 85% ethanolic extracts was belong to leaf with 11.5 mm, fruit with 7.75 mm and middle stem with 4.5 mm diameter of inhibitory zone. Different researches have been show that pineapple is full of bromelain, chitinase, calcium, potassium, Fiber and Vitamins Because of this material, pineapple has antimicrobial- AntiCandidal-anti disorder and cancer. As a whole results it show that pineapple leaf seems for height level of noted materials has more effects. So the extract of this plant is suggested for antifungal drugs.