BINA
Year:2001 | Volume:6 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors and frequency of developing MS in patients with isolated optic neuritis.Material and methods: Nine males and 39 females with proven isolated optic neuritis were followed for 3-54 months (mean = 16.1). Medical records and brain MRI were reviewed.Results: Of 48 patients, 16 (33.3%) developed MS. Patients with positive MRI and with retrobulbar or eye pain at the first presentation had greater risk for developing MS. In longer follow-ups, the incidence of MS is greater.Conclusion: Patients with isolated optic neuritis with high risk factor needs close follow up for MS.

Purpose: To determine the results of phacoemulsification at Labbafinejad medical center. Methods and materials: This is a non comparative case series and prospective study. 177 patients (95 males, 53.7% and 82 females, 46.3%) had phacocmulsification. The age range of the patients was 40-84 years with mean of 63.26 (±10.17) years. Five anterior segment attending did 106 (59.9%) surgeries and two cornea fellows did 71 (40.1%) surgeries.Results: In 27 (15.3%) patients, foldable acrylic lenses and in 125 (84.3%) patients, PMMA lenses were used. In one patient (0.6%), lens was not implanted due to expulsive choroidal hemorrhage. Intra-operative complications were premature entrance, two cases (1.1%); tunnel extension leading to shallow anterior chamber, two cases (1.1%); incomplete hydrodissection and hydrodelination, two cases (1.1%); zonular rupture, 3 cases (1.7%); trauma to iris with phaco-tip, 3 case (1.7%); vitreouse loss, 11 cases (6.2%); capsulorrhexis complications including decantation, 6 cases (3.4%); anterior capsular tear, 9 cases (5.1%), capsulorrhexis less than 5.0 mm, 5 cases (2.8%); capsulorrhexis more than 7.0 mm, one case (0.6%); and combinations of these complication, in two cases (1.1%). Keratometry difference less than two diopter was 84.9% in the first week and 96.7% in the first month. Astigmatism less than two cylinders were 76.7% in the first week and 97.7% in the first month. In the first post-operative day, 5.7% of patients had uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of 10/10 and 63.6% had uncorrected VA equal or more than 4/10. In the first week after operation, 66.5% had uncorrected VA equal or more than 7/10, which increased to 74.3% in the first month. Ocular pathology leading to decrease in visual acuity was present in 16.4% of patients. With exclusion of these pathologic conditions, the uncorrected visual acuity equal or more than 7/10 increased to 79.54% in the first week and 88.88% in the first month.Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is a safe method which results in rapid visual rehabilitation.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of congenital caract among one-day newborns at Mahdieh and Shahid Akbarabadi medical centers from 1999 to 2000. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on all newborns on the first day of life. Infants and their mothers epidemiologic chataracteristics were questioned. Then infants' pupils were dilated by phenylephrine 2.5% and Tropicamide 0.5% then their red reflexes were seen throngh direct ophthalmoscopy and graded as fallows: grade 0 (light perception to hand motion), grade 1 (count finger to 1/10), grade 2 (1/10 to 5/10), grade 3 (5/10 to 10/10) and grade 4 (10/10). All infants with grade 0 to 3 were again examined under general anesthesia by ophthalmologist.Results: In this study 10100 infants including 52% male and 48% female were evaluated. There were 23 suspected cases that 11 of them were normal and 3 had congenital cataract on re-examination. Six of them died and 3 were lost before re-examinations. So the prevalence was estimated 3 to 6.5 out of 10000 infants.Conclusion: Although the prevalence of congenital cataract was low in this study, because of its vision threatening complications we suggest evaluation of red reflexes of all infants between the first days to 12th week of life with dilated pupils to restore good vision by treating them within the suggested golden time.

Purpose: To determine and compare the frequency and distribution of pterygium in patients with and without senile cataract.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study 98 patients with cataract (196 eyes) and 98 patients without cataract (196 eyes) almost in the same age and sex, and without any probable and definite cataract risk factor like diabetes mellitus, eye trauma,... were selected and examined.Results: Findings of 196 eyes with cataract showed that frequency of ptreygium in right eyes was 26.5% and in left eyes was 17.3%. Findings of 196 eyes without cataract showed a frequency of 14.2% in right eyes and 16.3% in left eyes. Pterygium in right eyes had significant difference between two groups (X2 = 4.52, P<0.03) but there were not any significant difference between the left eyes (X2 = 0.3, P<0.82). Conclusion: UV rays contribute to cataract and pterygium formation.

Purpose: To compare the rate of recurrence and complication of intera-operative application versus topical postoprative drop instillation of mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.02%.Materials and methods: During a period of 19 months; 63 eyes of 48 consecutive patient with advanced pterygium were operated. In group A, 30 eyes underwent bare sclera technique, combined with intraoperative application of MMC 0.02% for 3 minutes. In group B, 33 eyes underwent bare sclera technique combined with topical postoprative drop of MMC 0.02%, instilled 3 times a day for 3 days after pterygium excision. Mean follow up (SD) duration was 12.09 (3.22) months.Results: Patients were between 22-95 years of age (51.4 ±14.38). The rate of recurrence of pterygium was 6.7% (2 eyes) in group A and 9.1% (3 eyes) in group B. Recurrence rate difference between the two group was significant (t-test, P<0.001). Pyogenic granuloma occurred in one eye in group A (3.3%) and 3 eyes in group B (9.0%). This difference with binomial test was significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Intraoperative application of MMC 0.02% for 3 minutes vs. topical MMC drop 0.02% reduced pterygium recurrence rate, decreased the time of corneal epithelial defect healing, and decreased the rate of pyogenic granuloma.

Purpose: To evaluate 25 eyes with corneal pigmentation after LASIK.Materials and methods: In this descriptive and retrospective study, 200 patients who had LASIK were evaluated for corneal pigmentation. Corneal pigmentation was graded based on density of iron deposits.Results: All the 25 eyes had corneal pigmentation; 8 mild, 10 moderate, and 7 severe. In 8 eyes, pigmentation occurred during the first 6 months and in 10 eyes after 6 months.Conclusion: Corneal pigmentation due to epithelial iron deposition is one of the minor complications of myopic LASIK. Rate and severity of the pigmentation depends on the degree of myopia and the time after operation.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and refraction, keratometry, age, and sex in myopic patients who underwent LASIK surgery.Materials and methods: Four hundred myopic patients (800 eyes) were studied prospectively from September to December 2000. Patients were divided into low (0-6 D), moderate (6.25-12 D), and high (>12 D) myopic and then their CCT and Sim. K values were measured by ultrasound pachymeter and computerized corneal topography, respectively.Results: The mean CCT was 538 ±31 microns ranging from 440 to 658 microns. Mean CD of the CCT of low, moderate, and high myopic eyes were 537±30, and 539±31, 539±33 microns, respectively and the differences among them were not statistically significant (P>0.1). Mean value of keratometry in 800 eyes was 44.51 diopters with standard deviation of 1.57 and ranging from 40.48 to 49.96. CCT values were negatively correlated with keratometric measurments (P<0.0001) but in keratometric values under 45 diopter there was no statistically significant corelation between CCT and keratometry (P>0.05).Conclusion: This study showed a wide range of CCT values with gaussian distribution in normal myopic eyes. We also found that CCT values had a negative correlation with corneal curvature in keratometric values above 45 diopters and mean CCT in our patients was lower than mean CCT of myopic eyes in earlier studies. There was lower than mean CCT of myopic eyes in earlier studies. There was no correlation between CCT values and refraction, age and sex.

Purpose: To discuss the basic principles of solar radiation and the effect of its visible and invisible components on the eye, as well as the characteristics of suitable sunglasses.Material and methods: The study design is a review article. The Medline was searched from 1960 to present using the key words "sunglasses, sunlight eye protection, and UV light eye protection" and then ophthalmologic articles in English language were reviewed. The collected information was then classified according to visible and invisible light properties and its effect on the eye, characteristics of sunglasses and the choice of proper glasses and frames.Results and recommendations: Use of proper sunglasses in the conditions of excessive sunlight exposure improves the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and protects the ocular lens and retina. For choosing sunglasses, different glass properties including the amount of absorption of visible and UV light, polarizing ability, color, coating and impact resistance should be considered. The shape and material of the frame is also important.

Purpose: Two cases of ectodermal dysplasia with ocular manifestations are presented.Case presentation and results: The first case was a young girl with mild ocular involvement presented as dry eye and blepharitis. The second case was a 30 year-old man who presented as right corneal perforation due to severe dry eye. Dry eye in the first case was controlled with lubricants, along with treatment of blepharitis and finally punctual occlusion. Tectonic corneal graft with lateral blepharorrhaphy was performed in the second case.Conclusion: Ocular involvement in ectodermal dysplasia can present inself in a wide form. Appropriate treatment, control of dry eye blepharitis, especially in severe cases can improve ocular surface condition and preserve the eye.

Purpose: To report a new case of isolated subretinal neovascularization and coloboma in a young man.Patient and findings: A 27-years-old man was referred with decreased visual acuity in his left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed large retinochoroidal with subretinal hemorhage. Fluorescein angiography revealed a subretinal neovascular membrane adjacent to the coloboma. The visual acuity improved after treatment with laser photocoagulation.Conclusion: Subretinal neovascularization with retinochoroidal coloboma is very rare, but in patients with retinochoroidal coloboma with decreased vision, subretinal neovascularization should be considered, and photocoagulation should be done as soon as possible.