ISLAM AND SOCIAL STUDIES
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (29)|Papers Count:7

Examining the sociality of human beings, the necessity of having responsibilities for them, being aware of social responsibilities, and practicing them are some of the issues that will be the cause of many moral degenerations in society. Therefore, the main issue of this paper is to study the concept of sociality of human beings as well as to study the most important social responsibilities of individuals in Islamic societies based on Imam Ali's words in Nahj alBalaghah and the role of education in realization of these human social responsibilities based on Imam Ali's viewpoint. Answering this question is the goal of this paper. Accordingly, the research method is qualitative content analysis and theoretical analogy, and based on this, it has been tried to identify the most important social responsibilities of individuals by examining the text of Nahj al-Balaghah and other speeches of Imam Ali (a. s) and then to explain the role of education in realization of such social responsibilities. The ﻰ ﻠ ﻋ مﺎ ﻣ ا ﺮ ﻈ ﻨ ﻣ زا نﺎ ﺴ ﻧ ا ﻰ ﻋ ﺎ ﻤ ﺘ ﺟ ا یﺎ ﻫ ﺖ ﻴ ﻟ ﻮ ﺌ ﺴ ﻣ findings of the study show that according to Imam Ali, human being is naturally a social creature and in order to live in society, they must be in contact with society. To achieve this, it is necessary to pay attention to responsibilities such as feeling of responsibility towards society, respect for rights, fairness and justice towards human beings, cooperation and collaboration in social affairs, and socializing and establishing loving relationships with others.

One of the important issues in interdisciplinary studies with Islamic subjects is paying attention to the wide arena of social sciences. Undoubtedly, the Islamic concepts and solutions presented in these texts can solve many important issues related to human life. One of the important and different aspects of modern studies in the field of anthropology is considering the identity and human existence; since everyone's personal and social life is affected by their identity. Religious identity, as one of the important types of identity, plays an important role in the formation of human personality. On the other hand, the study of social change and the development of current societies indicates the emergence of various identity crises, especially among young people. Therefore, the current study examines the verses and narrations related to the Fourteen Infallibles with a descriptive method and analytical approach to explain the most important functions and fruits of individual and social identity. The findings of this study suggest that personalization, strengthening the spirit of supporting, tolerance, etc. are the most important fruits in the individual and social dimension of religious identity, since knowing the methods of institutionalizing religious identity, and explaining the fruits of religious identity can be an effective step in resolving these crises.

The concept of lifestyle in Western civilization has been vulgarized because it is often shown in the framework of a kind of superficial consumerism. Lifestyle in this sense is associated with a kind of extravagant, glamorous, and luxurious life, which is mainly based on the logic of "keeping up with Joneses" in the consumption of goods and fashion. However, lifestyle in the Qur'anic viewpoint refers to the fundamental fact from which all concepts, definitions, viewpoints and narratives focused on culture and civilization originate. In fact, lifestyle is considered as the objectified content and spirit of culture and civilization. Therefore, the "supreme reality" or "real and software part of civilization" is in fact the most comprehensive and prudent expression that clearly reflects the importance of this reality in human life. In this paper, the cultural foundations of lifestyle from the perspective of the Qur'an have been examined using inferential analytical methods. The findings suggest that according to the Holy Quran, a pure lifestyle can be realized in a society whose patterns and behavioral norms are rooted in a transcendent and developed cultural system. According to the Qur'an, the transcendent cultural system, which is right-based, wise, nature-based, has fixed, useful, coherent and harmonious foundations.

Islamic lifestyle is a set of insights, attitudes, values, and behavioral patterns using Islamic teachings that people choose as a way of life. The current paper, with the aim of answering the question "What is the importance and social functions of Tawalla (loving of Ahlulbayt) and Tabarra (disassociation with those who oppose God and those who caused harm to and were the enemies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his family) in the Islamic lifestyle? " examines this issue using description and analysis and in a library method. Accordingly, one of the important principles of social lifestyle is the principle of Tawalla and Tabarra that organizes and directs the human attitude and determines his way of life in society and plays an important role in demarcating individuals in the arena of action. In this way, social unity and cohesion, directing communications and social behaviors, avoiding the conspiracies of the enemy, resolving the problems of the people, etc. are among the most important social functions of Tawalla and Tabarra in the Islamic lifestyle.

Investigation of the nature of the relationship between science and religion, as two important sources of human knowledge, has always been the focus of attention of thinkers in various intellectual fields. This has led to the formation of a wide range of different viewpoints and theories about it. The analysis of these various viewpoints is of great importance in our society due to the constantly evolving discussions on the subject of religious science, and in particular, the "Islamic-human sciences". The present paper, while knowing the importance of this fact, tries to examine various models and theories related to the relationship between science and religion in an analytical-descriptive method. The findings show that there is no single point of view that can adequately cover all the complexities related to the relationship between science and religion, and therefore examining this relationship, as one of the necessary preconditions for the realization of religious science, requires going through homogeneity and relying on multiple and multilateral models.

The divine religions have a very rich and renewable capacity to produce and present a transcendent culture commensurate with the doctrinal capacities and goals and mission of this world to social human beings. Depending on the doctrinal capacity, social status, quantity and quality of lords, how they deal with Revelation teachings, opportunities and environmental constraints, etc. play a very absolute and decisive role in guidance and leadership, refinement, flourishing and excellence of capacities, protection and preservation, deepening and consolidation, validation and sanctification, etc. as well as customary cultures and its various components. Therefore, the relationship between religion and culture and how they interact, especially in the process of human's social history, has become a topic of interest for scholars of religions and sociologists. This paper seeks to analyze and examine the most important perspective adopted by sociologists of religion on how the two semantic systems interact. Accordingly, the main question is the real and possible relationships between religion and culture as two comprehensive semantic systems in the position of realization and social objectivity from a sociological perspective. The method of this study in the place of information collection is documentary and in the place of explanation and inference is qualitative content analysis. The findings of this study, as reflected in the implicit explanations and concluding summary, suggested that sociologists of religion, depending on their position on nature, reason, social status, function of religion and evaluation of these functions, have examined the relationship between religion and culture and proposed some viewpoints.

Identifying the phenomenon of organization and solving its problems requires the formation of intellectual foundations and basic principles of knowledge of organization and management. Identifying the human element in the organization and management requires knowledge of several principles, some of which have been tried to be explained in this paper. The orientation of this study is fundamental and its goal is exploratory. Data collection has also been conducted based on library studies. The research method used in this study is qualitative content analysis, which begins with the creation of computable data and then infers phenomena, and finally the research is carried out based on narration. In this study, three categories of anthropological principles were identified as philosophical principles, empirical principles, and religious principles. According to the findings of this study, a model for human cognition was identified which is effective in organizational behavior. In this study, only nine anthropological principles have been considered and their application in organizational behavior has been shown.