URBAN STUDIES
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:27|Papers Count:7

This article aims to explain the sociological aspects of people's attitude toward the performance of urban management in Ahwaz municipality. A descriptive-survey method was used to do the research. For data collection (with a sample of 382 people using cluster sampling with simple random sampling), a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The results of the research showed that the independent variables of social-cultural factors, technical-construction, municipal services performance, social participation, awareness of citizenship rights, social and economic class, on the one hand, and the dependent variable of people's attitude towards urban management performance, on the other, a significant relationship did in fact exist. Among these variables, the performance of urban management in the social and cultural dimensions and socioeconomic groups had the most and the least, respectively, share in the explanation of the dependent variable.

Social sustainability has gained popularity among western governments in recent years which has led to efforts to define the issues that relate to it. Broadly speaking, social sustainability can be understood as a collection of items like the following: availability (employment, open space, local services), health and welfare, social solidarity, just distribution of income and employment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social sustainability status of the 7th District of Tehran Municipality, with an emphasis on its strengthening strategies. Research method is descriptive-survey method. The research population of this study consists of all residents of 7th district of Tehran, of which, based on Cochran's formula and using random sampling method, 600 individuals were selected as the sample. In this research, a questionnaire with 76 questions of physical and non-physical dimensions of social sustainability was used to collect the research data. Each question of the questionnaire was rated on a five point Likert-type Scale. Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. The validity of the tools was confirmed with using content and construct validity. The results showed that the status of accessibility and quality of service, and security variables in 7th District of Tehran Municipality was higher than the average. But the status of variables like aesthetics and environment, density, land use changes and functional inconsistencies, sense of belonging, responsibility and neighborliness, and hope for the future and immigration was inappropriate. Also, the results showed that the status of economic status and equitable distribution, and participation of 7th District of Tehran Municipality was average.

Based on research results, urban vitality is a fundamental component of urban design quality that reinforces a sense of confidence, security and hope in residents. The issue of vitality has been studied from the vantage point of urban space and facility-services, but not from perspectives of sociology or the political rights of residents. The goal of this article is the assessment of the relationship between residents‟ social – political rights and their vitality. The views of some social scientists of the city and of vitality like Diener, Myers, Friedmann, Mclean, Turner, Park, Giddens, Essence, Kuhn and Wolpe, were utilized in the construction of the theoretical framework. This is descriptive-analytical research. The research population consisted of all the residents of the city of Hamedan who were in the city at the time of the study. Based on Cochran formula, 384 persons were selected for the study via a cluster sampling technique. The data collection tool was an indigenized versions of questionnaires of Wallin, Shusler, and Robinson, et. al. The results showed that both citizenship rights and the feeling of vitality were at a moderate level and the relationship between vitality and social-political participation is different among men and women. Multiple variable regression analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between the variable „ citizenship rights‟ with vitality (R=0. 563) and faith in social-political participation of residents has the most explanatory power of vitality (β =0. 543). Path analysis results showed that “ faith in social-political participation” was the most effective direct variable on vitality and “ Belonging to a political community” was the most effective indirect variable on the vitality.

Awareness promotion is known as one of the functions of religion. On the other hand, religion is a traditional institution that usually challenges modern institutions and modern values. The purpose of this paper was to study the relationship between religiosity and awareness of citizenship rights among students. Luckman theory was used in the making of theoretical framework. The research was carried out through a survey method, and data was collected by using a questionnaire with validity and reliability. Using a simple random sampling method, 384 students of Yazd university in 1396 were chosen as the sample. The results indicated that the degree of students‟ religiosity was high but the level of awareness of their citizenship rights are moderate. Findings also indicated that the relationship between religiosity and awareness of citizenship rights was significant. Regression analysis showed that religiosity explained 19/7 percent of the variance of citizenship rights.

The purpose of this study was to investigate social and cultural factors associated with social inequality in the city of Kazeroon. The research method was survey and the research population consisted of heads of households in Kazeroun, which approximately was around 28988 people, of whom, using the Cochran formula 275 were selected as the sample. a multi-stage sampling technique was used; first, the relative class and later within the systematic sampling classes. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was verified by face validity and its reliability was measured by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings indicated that variables such as age, number of family members, luxuriness, socio-economic status of the family and unequal access to employment pathways, social capital, unequal access to health facilities, and social inequality were significant. Also, the regression resulted show that luxuriness, unequal access to health facilities account for 45 % of the variance of the dependent variable.

The emergence of risky behaviors in young people in recent decades is a serious threat to individual and social health of the individual, which can present major problems to the life cycle of this stratum. Therefore, in the present study, based on the theoretical approach of Pierre Bourdieu, the mediating role of cultural and symbolic capitals on the impact of economic capital on the incidence of high-risk behaviors among the youth of Tabriz city has been addressed. The research method is survey and the research population of this study includes all individuals aged 15-34 years old in Tabriz city which numbered 579694 people, of which, using the Cochran statistical formula, 630 individuals were selected as sample via a multi-stage sampling technique. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, formal and structural validity were used, and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and the reliability coefficients for all variables were higher than 0. 7. Also, SPSS-22 and Smart-PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the components of cultural capital (Embodied and objectified dimension), symbolic capital and economic capital were significantly correlated with the incidence of high-risk behaviors at a significant level of less than 0. 01. The type of relationship is also negative and inverse. According to the structural equation model, the variables in the model have been able to directly and indirectly explain 15. 7% of the variations in risky behaviors.

Informal settlements are among the most important social issues of many societies. Women face an intensified level of exlusion in these areas. Social exclusion breaks the links between individuals and society, and represents a process in which people are deprived of social participation. Studying the exclusion of women in such settings can help to gain a clear picture of the dimensions of deprivation that is experienced by people in these places. This paper aims to study the experience of social exlusion of women in the Islamabad neighborhood which is located in Tehran‟ s District 2. A qualitative method and semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used for the collection of data. The sample included 24 women 18-60 years who were living in the neighborhood of Islamabad in Tehran. The results showed that most women in this neighborhood were deprived of intergourop and translocal relations. They lacked the skills and the ability to work in a modern economy, and they experienced a dependent way life. They also had a very limited experience of commuting to other parts of the city and therefore had little acquaintance with Tehran. In addition, they were embarrassed because of the negative image of the neighborhood and the stigma of the disgrace of being in the neighborhood and therefore they reduced their relationships with the outside world. This also reduced marital opportunities for girls. There were differences in the experience of social exclusion between generations. In addition to experiencing exclusion from the larger community, Second generation women also experienced voluntary exclusion of the local community and had a feeling of inequality.