JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Year:2016 | Volume:16 | Issue:40|Papers Count:9

According to urban environment complexity and dynamism and need totargeted land use change, incorporation GIS and PSS in the form ofSpatial Planning Support Systems is inevitable. The aim of this study isto develop a spatial planning support system for urban land uses change(ULCMS), such that planners can enter expert knowledge in the form ofdesired criteria and weights and see their influence in results. Thedeveloped system including modules for land suitability evaluation, calculation of the area of required land and land use change. Accessmodels, neighborhood models and Multi Criteria Decision Makingmethods, fuzzy operators, linear regression, maximum potential andhierarchical optimization models is used in planning and implementationthese modules. System practical test performed for measuring residential, commercial, industrial, agriculture and service land use changes for theyear 1390 and 1395 in Shiraz city. The result shows that ULCMS helpusers in better understanding, showing complexity of land use system anddevelopment and improvement land management strategies for thecreation of better balance between urban expansion and environmentalconservation.

Morphotectonic is one of the new recognition methods of tectonicmovements and earthquakes knowledge. Study and measurement oflandscapes and forms which made by active tectonics are importantobjects in morphology science. Active tectonic movements haverecorded in the morphology of rivers, drainages, alluvial fans andmountain fronts in a region. Research area is located between 55° 30'-57° 00' E and 32° 00'-33° 00' N in Central Iran structural zone. In thispaper, we have studied geological map of Abdoughi and processedsatellite images, digital elevation model (DEM), geomorphic andmorphotectonic indices along the main faults. Also tectonic activitieswere measured in this area. The results of mountain-front sinuosity(Smf), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf) and ratio ofvalley width to valley height (V) indicate respectively: 1/15, 0/94 and9/88 values. The displacement of the rivers, alluvial fans andtriangular facets indicate tectonic activity during Quaternary along thefaults. The morphotectonic evidences and seismicity data show whichAbdoughi area is an active region.

This study tries to identify, classify, and analyze synoptic cold wave inNorth West region of Iran. This study applies standardized (z scores)index of Minimum Temperature in the period of 1951-2010. as suchcold waves were classified based on the intensity of occurance. Out ofoccured cold wave in North West of the coldest identified wavepertaingt each class for synoptic analyzes were selected. This studysuggests that the prevailing pressure pattern during the relevant waveindicates high pressure over the earth surface as well as deep trough inupper layer. From the continuing cold standpoint, the role of changingposition from pavallel wind in to meridional corresponel to blocking isvery offective. Blocking in turn leads to reduction in speed of cold airmasses which are originating from higher latitude. They wereassouclated with cold waves. More precipitation as so ciated withhigher latitude as well as low speed flows will lead to strong andcontinious waves.

One of the Siberian high pressure system is the Earth climate system, atmospheric important. The purpose of this study, analysis of core changesSiberian high pressure system in the period mentioned. To identify the corespatial variations in the timeframe mentioned data, daily sea level pressureand temperature of the earth's surface with a resolution of 2. 5 degrees withinthe space of 30 to 65 degrees north latitude and 130 degrees east longitudefrom the database 45 to NOAA NCEP / NCAR for the cold was extracted. The core of the GIS spatial data analysis system and two separate zones andpoint to output six decades was ten years old and were analyzed. To studythe process of change, determine the direction of the trend, type and timingof changes in temperature and pressure of the core of the system the test ofMann-Kendal is used. Comparison between the first and sixth decades 60-year period showed that the core in January from the East to the West and inOctober and March from the North East to the South West from theBalkhash Lake to Baikal there has been a significant shift. Results alsoshowed that during the same period the Siberian High central pressure wasreduced in January while the land surface temperatures in January showed asignificant upward trend. Unlike the months of October and January, inMarch the central pressure had few mutations but no trend was observed. However, during this month the Earth's surface temperature has increasedsignificantly during the mentioned period.

In developing countries, every year natural hazards causes major lossesin urban and rural settlements. In this regard, it is noteworthy that inDecember 2004 bam earthquake caused widespread damages. With over9 years passed of this crisis and reconstruction after that, it is important toassess the quality of reconstruction. So, the problem is that how is thephysical quality of Bam that reconstructed. So, based on the theoreticalframework, two hypotheses were offered. Then, based on the theoreticalbases and previous studies, the operational definition of physical qualityconcept offered in three indexes and 40 indicators, and combined byAHP and SAW methods. Needed data gathered by households, expertsand field questionnaires. For testing hypotheses used causal-comparativeand correlation methods. Sample size calculated by Cochran's method(311 households). Sampling has done by cluster and random methods. Gathered data were analyzed by: One-way ANOVA and Tukey-test atfirst hypotheses; and correlations methods at second hypotheses. Theresults showed that the physical quality of reconstructed residentialenvironment in Bam is different between various neighborhoods. Also, the results of correlation test showed that general physical quality havesignificant relation with literacy, income, occupation and socio-economicstatus at 99 percent of confidence. According to the findings, physicalquality at society scale has socio-economical aspects. So, we must payattention to this point seriously.

Today, the resiliency of the human centers, especially urban centersagainst the natural hazards such as earthquakes, is one of the mainchallenges in the targeted management of urban. One of the effectivestrategies in the control, containment and prevention of risks fromearthquakes is zoning of urban areas in terms of vulnerability. In thisregard, the purpose of this study was to determine the zoning andseismic active zones in the urban area of Urmia city. The seismic – tectonic situation and recorded seismic data surveyed in the currentstudy. Findings showed that there were seismic active zones in theUremia city area. The seismic effects and geo-tectonic resultsVerified, so the results marked that local geology condition would beeffective in earth motion. This research investigated the local geologyfeatures especially fault, geo units and seismic data in zoning ofseismic risk. Many methods are proposed by different researchers. Inthis study the SABTA (1987) method has been used for estimatingseismic risk by using most important parameters such as seismic, faultand geology data. The obtained results showed that the P. G. A measurevariation was from 0. 035 to 0. 33 which indicated the existence ofseismic activity in the study area.

Expansion of urban areas has impacted on climate in local and globalscale. As a result, residents’ life would be influenced accordingly. Inthis study, the effects of changes in land cover and land use change onclimate of Shiraz and Fasa were studied in a long-term period. Toensure the normal data, Kolmogrov-Smirnoff test was employed. Theminimum and maximum temperature parameters and relative humiditywere evaluated using non-parametric Mann-Kendall and regressionmethod in a 45-year period (1966-2010). The results showed adecreasing trend for the minimum temperature and humidity for Fasaand minimum and maximum relative humidity for Shiraz whereasother quantities showed an increasing trend. The study examined theeffects of land use changes and land cover types in the 23-year period(1987-2010) using images of LANDSAT satellite of TM sensor ontemperature pattern in two cities. During these 23 years, a reduction of113 square kilometers for barren land of Shiraz and 5/7 squarekilometers for barren land of Fasa and extending 110 kilometersresidential users and 3/5 square kilometers in Shiraz and Fasa werereported.

Monitoring the salt crusts in arid areas by satellite data processing inthis research, monitoring the salt crusts of KASHAN andMAHARLOO arid areas by using LISSIII datas of IRS-P6 satellitewas accomplished. After exerting essential corrections for visual interpretation, contrast optimization and making pseudo-colorful imageswere used to specity the salt crusts. Then, according to the salt crusts’ spectral reflections in different bands and spectral rationing, RSCI(ratio salt crust index) and NDSCI (normalized different salt crustindex ) were described. The purpose of submitting these indexes is tomaximize the differences between spectral reflection and itsbackground in order to make a high quality image for them to bedistinctive. finally, by using threshold and error matrix, it wasspecified that RSCI and NDSCI indexes showed the best separation. The results showed that RSCI and NDSCI indexes are functional formonitoring the salt crusts of arid areas using mutti-spectral satellitedata.