JOURNAL OF URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 (13)|Papers Count:8

Objective: Urban unit management provides the basis for the growth of synergies and synergies in various urban structures. Considering the multidimensional nature of the tourism industry and its high dependence on the existence of urban infrastructure in providing tourists with services in planning, preserving valuable historical monuments, creating structures appropriate to urban space along with the proper access of tourists to tourism facilities, the role of urban management becomes more evident. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical and applied type. Collected information was classified and analyzed in two sections. In the first part, analyzing the theories in SPSS software, through factor analysis, the correlation of effective factors was investigated. In order to achieve competitiveness in the tourism sector of Zahedan, the strategic model SOAR was used. Results: The results indicate that urban management has severe fluctuations and weaknesses. Lack of coordination among decision-making and executive factors, lack of participation of people, weakness of infrastructure and the need to encourage private sector investment are among the most important factors in reducing the development trend of urban tourism in Zahedan. Conclusion: Therefore, integrated urban management is necessary to achieve the competitiveness of urban tourism in the study area.

Objective: Recent advances in the field of biological sciences, on the one hand, and misuse of the results of scientific research by terrorist groups, on the other hand, have caused microbial agents to become fatal weapons that simultaneously threaten national security and public health of the societies. Low costs, easy access and provision, immediate effect, rapid expansion and their extremely high effect on the spread of sense of insecurity has made these types of terrorist acts attractive to some terrorist groups. Methods: This research uses descriptive-analytical method and refers to valid sources to study the biological agents that may be used by terrorists. It also tries to specify the most important methods of transmission of these agents and understand the effects of bioterrorist attacks on the security and health of citizens. Results: The results of the research indicate that bioterrorism is more dangerous than other types of terrorism for threatening the life of citizens and ordinary people due to the attractions of biological materials for terrorists. Some of these characteristics and attractions include difficulty of identifying the biological agents, sufficiency of a small amount of biological agents for a bioterrorist attack, easier spread of biological agents, difficulty of defense against biological agents, possibility of making, production, warehousing and storage of biological weapons in a small and simple place, and having incubation period. Conclusion: Due to these characteristics, biological agents have become attractive temptations for terrorists. They can use biological agents for a terrorist attack on urban infrastructure in sectors of water, food, public services, etc. and threaten the lives of the citizens. In spite of the various protective measures of the governments, most people and citizens are vulnerable to this kind of terrorism. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine the extent and the special ways of vulnerability of people and infrastructure to these types of attacks and to formulate security attachments for prevention of such attacks. This is especially true in respect of Iran that is more vulnerable to such attacks.

Objective: With increasing population density in cities, all of the economic, social, and cultural dimensions in cities have undergone fundamental changes. Alongside these issues, the security feeling in urban spaces has become one of the concerns of urban planners and managers. In fact, one of the main goals of urban planning is to decide in the present time that urban activities in the future will be well targeted for the benefit of its citizens. Explaining and describing the security of urban spaces in the future can reduce the occurrence of a variety of social anomalies. Methods: The present study aims to space analysis of the citizen's security feeling in urban spaces in terms of future study in Khorramabad city with a descriptive-exploratory approach based on documentary-survey resources. The studied statistical population is elite and experts in the field of security in urban spaces. MicMac software is used to analyze the information, structural analysis method and interaction effect matrix. Results: Regarding the effectiveness of the studied variables on the future of security feeling in Khorramabad, the results of the research showed that five effective variables include employment, income and social class, the effect of managers' mechanisms on reducing abnormalities, social and citizen feedback of each other and the rate surrounded of residential units on each other. Conclusion: Based on the variables affecting security management in urban spaces, it can be said that the state of instability is dominant in the system.

Objective: Defenseless spaces have different effects on urban spaces and the lives of citizens, which have the greatest impact on increasing crime and reducing citizens' sense of security. This is especially true in urban worn out and inefficient texture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between defenseless spaces and theft at Harandi neighborhood level. Methods: For the purpose of this research, this research is a part of applied research and is a part of descriptive-analytic research component. The data collection method was documentary-survey. To determine the unsafety of a different part of the neighborhood at the first, the neighborhood is divided into 20 blocks based on local trails and then from 22 subindicators in the form of 5 indicators of defenseless spaces. Using entropy and viquor method, weighing and ranking of different parts of the neighborhood have been addressed. A geographic weighting regression has been used to investigate the relationship between defenseless spaces and theft offenses. Results: The results of the research have shown that the relationship between the defenseless spaces at the neighborhood level is not the same. In this research, the greatest relationship has been between defenseless areas and theft crimes in the eastern neighborhood, especially in the southeastern neighborhood of the neighborhood and in accordance with Shoosh park between Shoosh streets, Ray street and Anbar-e – Gandom street. In contrast, the least relation between defenseless space and theft was also in the western and northwestern neighborhoods. Conclusion: With regard to the relationship between defenseless spaces and crimes (robbery), with the reduction of defenseless spaces, some crimes can be prevented.

Objective: The "resilient city pattern" has been proposed as a new strategy to reduce urban vulnerability to scientific circles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the social resilience indicators in four areas of Kerman. Methods: The research methodology of this research is descriptive-analytic and the type of target is among applied research. Regarding the subject matter of the research and the study area, the method of data collection was survey (survey), systematic random sampling and data collection using a questionnaire The statistical population of the citizens of Kerman city and the sample of the selected sample from the Cochran formula is 428 questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using VIKOR technique and SPSS software. Results: The results of the research, according to the vikor method, indicate that the urban areas of Kerman are in a different position in terms of urban alleviation indicators, so that the two areas of the city with Q (0) in total of the indicators assessed are more favorable More than other areas. Then the area of three cities with the Q (0. 370) ranked second and then the area of one city with the Q (0. 852) ranked third, in the end of the four district of the city according to the social resilience index with Q (1) In other words, it is in an unfavorable position to other parts of the city. In the following, the findings of the mean indicate that it is important that the total knowledge index with average (2. 6) has a better status than all other indicators in Kerman. And then, the knowledge, skills and social capital index with the mean total (2. 4), (2. 3), (2. 1) in the next rank and finally the attitude index with an average of (1. 8) is ranked fifth in the ratio of the other indicators. Conclusion: Therefore, taking into account the above results, it can be said that the indicators of social resilience in the regions of Kerman are not suitable and more than half of the areas in Kerman against natural disasters such as earthquakes, according to the indicators of social resilience, are unsatisfactory.

Objective: Housing poverty has economic, physical and social dimensions, each of which has different indices, which are higher in areas where low-income and vulnerable groups are rather than affluent Inappropriate ones. Methods: The purpose of this study is to analyze the poverty of the housing from social angle. The present study is a descriptive-analytic method in terms of purpose. The purpose of the present study is investigative, and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection were done in form of an evidence-survey, using documentary-library sources and reviewing the litreture review, it done to formulate theoretical foundations and collect research indicators. T-test, shannon entropy and vikor model were used to analyze the datas. Results: The results of t-test showed that the average of social housing indices in neighborhoods of district 17 is higher than the average of these indices in Tehran, so there is a social housing poverty in this area. The results of Shannon entropy showed that the index of housing shortage with weight (0. 134), individual in room with weight (0. 102), households in residential units (0. 095) were the most important and influential among housing social indices, respectively. The index of the growth ratio of households to residential units with a weight of (0. 058) and household index in room with weight (0. 076), respectively, have the least impact on social housing poverty. According to the results of the vikor model, the Zomzam, Zahtabi and Abuzar East districts have respectively highest social housing poverty in the neighborhoods of the 17th region. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the indicators of housing shortage, nursing homes and households in residential units have the greatest impact on social poverty as well as indicators of the ratio of household growth to residential units, households in the room with the least impact on poverty social housing.

Objective: Urban poverty has many adverse consequences, one of which is divorce. The purpose of this paper is to study the geographical dispersion of poverty and divorce indicators in the level of statistical blocks of ghaemshahr city and relationship of those two with each other. Methods: The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. For unscaling the indicators of urban poverty and divorce index have been used in fuzzy method. Then the indices of poverty and divorce were analyzed spatially in the Arc Gis software environment with method of hot spots and Moran autocorrelation and to study the relationship between poverty and divorce has been used of multiple regression test and Pearson in the spss software environment. Results: The results indicate that 54. 9 percent of the area and 54 percent of the population of the ghaemshahr city is poor and very poor. Also, 1. 14 percent of the total population, 0. 64 percent of the men's population and 1. 63 percent of the women's population are in a state of without spouse due to divorce. Divorced women population is 2. 5 times more divorced men which concentrate more in the center and north east of the city. Based on the results of multiple regression, the indicators of person density in the room, room density in residential unit, sponsorship load, livelihood load and measure of general activity have a effective and significant role in divorce rate of ghaemshahr city. Conclusion: Therefore, to take necessary measures to reduce the phenomenon of divorce in Ghaemshahr city, planning precisely to reduce the factors involved in poverty, which are considered the main causes of divorce, it is seems necessary.

Objective: Accidents are one of main problems of public health in the world, which they cause to generate many physical and financial damages and also they have special and extraordinary importance. So, investigation of urban accidents reasons and happening is inevitable affair. The aim of current study is recognize of time, placement and reasons of urban accidents happening in Ardebil city. Current study is applied according to aim and also it is analytical-descriptive based on data gathering survey. Methods: Study statistical society include recorded statistics for Ardebil city accidents between 2014-2016 solar years. Also we have been used 100 experts viewpoint with snowball method in accidents occurring and recognition of key or main factors. In order to data analysis Chi-Square’ s and Friedman’ s statistical tests were used in current study and also structural modeling was applied to accidents main factors. Results: Study results showed that most of accident in Ardebil city are happened during hoe seasons in squares and main streets and also most of accidents relate to lack of attention to priority right respecting. At last hurry and hasty, lack of respecting priority right and longitudinal, traverse distant are as main human factors in urban accidents happening in Ardebil city. Conclusion: In occurring of accidents, set of factors have main role and between them, human factors role are deterministic, so we must be prioritize training principles in reduction and preventive plans.