Physical Development Planning
Year:2019 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:8

The security of rural residential areas as a common factor between human and environmental arenas is a necessity for promoting life quality of people. This factor is affected by the way that rural residential areas are designed and planned. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effects of physical planning on security of rural residents in a rural area of Mashhad county, emphasizing their social security. Based on aim, the present study is an applied research and based on method and nature, it is a descriptive-analytical one. The unit of analysis is rural households of three rural districts namely Tabadkan, Tous, and Darzab which have been targeted for the rural conducted plans. Of 2356 rural households in the study area, 163 households were selected as sample by simple random sampling based on Cochran formula with an error equals to 0. 075. To measure the security rate, 13 social indicators and 11 physical planning indices are applied. Some statistical tests were used for data analysis including Pearson Statistical Test, Single-sample T-test, Regression and Path Analysis. The results indicated that the mean of physical planning variable in sample villages was 2. 06 which is a moderated figure tending to lower places of ranking. Based on the single sample T-test, the index of building quality with an amount of 8. 15 was more considerable. The mean of social security variable was 3. 42 which indicated a moderate situation for the studied villages. The lowest place of ranking was belonged to individual security with a mean of 2. 73. Based on Pearson correlation results it was marked that there is a direct and significant relationship between physical planning and social security perception with a figure of 0. 045. Also, the results of Path analysis indicated that the size of parcels with an effect coefficient of 0. 255 and compatibility with an effect coefficient of 0. 254 have had the highest impact on social security perception.

One of the initiatives of the councils act is appointing an executive officer called "Dehyar" in each village. Dehyar is responsible for implementing decisions taken by the Islamic council of the village. Dehyars as the rural mangers enjoy much power and resources. They would certainly play an important role in rural development if they have enough motivation and skills. After two decades of implementation, it is necessary to recognize and evaluate the functions of Dehyars in terms of physical-developmental, environmental, social and economic indicators. As a survey, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of modern rural management in AnbarAbad county. The sample included 40 randomly selected villages and 180 households selected by Cochran formula of 14520 households. The required questionnaires were completed based on existing variances of the research (0. 119), population proportion, and household dimension of each village. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and Waspas model. The results of the polls indicated that the effects of Dehyar performance on improving the physical-developmental, environmental, and social conditions of the villages are moderate and it is high for the economic condition. Also, results of the Waspas model indicated that Dehyars of Jahad-abad, Ali-abad, Garmsar and Mardehek villages are ranked from first to fourth, respectively, in terms of having the best performance in compare to the other villages of Anabarabad city.

Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but also planners and decision makers have little information about the types and characteristics of those neighborhoods that are more interested in developing community-based activities. The participation of Yazd city folks in improving their residential environment in the past was a kind of empowerment in form of a skill by which they were prepared to take some greater social responsibilities. It was a ground for strengthening social life and strengthening local functions. But due to the problems caused by physical expansion of Yazd city in the last 40 years and migration of indigenous inhabitants from the old texture neighborhoods of city, there is no way to apply the past social interactions and the sense of previous solidarity in the future. Therefore, the proper understanding of this concept in relation to the development of Yazd city can be considered very important. The present study aims to build a capacity on the bases of sustainable development and to assess the effective factors or effective barriers of building capacity in Yazd city regarding two reagents of general poverty and space-location geographic. The statistical population of the present study includes all household heads of Yazd city, of them 500 people were selected as a sample using a simple random method. The inferential results derived from one-sample T-test indicated that in all four research capacity elements (physical-environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and political) with a significance level less than 0. 05, the mean figure of capacity building in Yazd city was different from the expected one. It means that the upper and lower levels of the differences are less than zero. Therefore, it was showed that the average capacity building in sustainable development of Yazd city and its dimensions has a positive and significant effect. As a conclusion, it was confirmed that there is a meaningful relationship between the mechanism of establishment and planning of urban sustainable development and local capacities in Yazd city. Finally, some strategies are proposed to encourage the residents towards the local development of neighborhoods in order to approach the urban sustainable development.

In housing category, preparation of plans and programs for social and physical dimensions of housing can prevent gaps and inequalities of resident’ s well-being and the city’ s unplanned growth. Accordingly, the aims of the present study are: the spatial analysis of social and physical dimensions of housing, showing the imbalance proportion of supply and demand for housing, and showing the relationship of housing shortage with horizontal expansion of Ahwaz city. Based on type the present study is an "applied-developmental" and based on method it is a "descriptive-analytical" research. Required data was collected using a library-documentary method. A total number of 20 social and physical indicators were applied for leveling the regions of Ahwaz city. Data analysis was done based on several methods such as; Superiority and Inferiority Ranking (SIR), Holdren, Shannon's Entropy, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Visual PROMETHEE software. Findings of the present study indicated that regions 2, 3, 4 and 8 are in a favorable situation in terms of social and physical indicators, whereas, regions 1, 6 and 7 possess a different social and physical situation. It shows an imbalance distribution of affordable housing across the city of Ahwaz. The Pearson correlation coefficient with a sig of two-sided 0. 501 confirmed the imbalance supply and demand of housing in Ahwaz. Also, the results of Holdren and Shannon’ s entropy methods represented an unplanned expansion of residential areas during 2006 to 2011, but such development was not coincident with housing demand and has taken place in regions where housing shortages have not been severe. This can be considered as an indicator of unsustainable growth of Ahvaz city in the housing sector.

The present study is aimed to provide a model based on which one can maintain the cultural dimension and identity during urban development. A model based on which, one can derive the criteria and identity components for landscape aesthetics. If the aesthetics resulting from the cultural symbol in the aesthetics of the city’ s landscape development is applied, the city’ s cultural and ethnic dimensions are preserved, thus making each city a unique example with unique attractions. The landscape can be the richest historical document of every city showing its cultural structure. A large part of urban symbols has cultural function. The ethnic cultural symbol is a subset of urban semiotics that can provide the cultural story of an ethnicity in a city to the audience. The lack of management and planning of cultural codes of cities in the form of cultural markings influenced by geography and ethnicity have led to the breakdown of the cultural messages of the landscapes. How to preserve the cultural identity of urban landscapes with regard to ethnic characteristics is the main question of this research that. In other words, can the identity and cultural landscape of the cities be maintained through cultural aesthetics of the symbol? The methodology of this research is qualitative that examines the cultural symbol in the case of Baluch-resident city. Based on a documentary and observation method, required concepts and references were collected and the validity of the proposed hypothesis was examined using the method of inference. For the case study of the adaptation of aesthetics of the cultural symbol, the cities affected by the Baluch ethnicity with their cultural landscape were taken into consideration. The main reason for this choice was: making an effort to preserve the cultural identity of cities in Baluchestan region due to their rich and prevalent ethnic identity during their urbanization development. The findings of the present study showed that the visual aesthetics components hidden in the Baluch folk handicrafts are manifested in the form of warm colors; from the wonderful orange to the red spectrum, geometric forms with sharp edges and mostly triangular forms, dense and prolific texture, complete abstraction and evasion from figuratism. Such components can be sought in terms of color, form, texture, as well as the amount of abstraction or realism in the visual elements of the architecture and urbanization of the Baluchistan cities in Iran.

There has recently occurred a massive change of land use in rural settlements in the hinterland of cities. The expansion of urbanization has induced considerable changes in rural settlements with some physical, social, economic and environmental consequences. One of the most important consequences of land use change is the conversion of agricultural land into residential applications, which has reduced the production capacity of rural settlements. The present study was carried out in Qarchak county and 4 villages were selected as the case study. Of total population of the study area, 240 cases were selected as the sample. The research method drew on both quantitative and qualitative approaches and the data was collected using documentary and field surveys. Also, the relationship between items was evaluated using factor analysis method. According to the findings, the measurement indices of each scale used at a confidence interval of 5% had a t-value of more than 1. 96, indicating a significant correlation between research items. The mean villagers' views about the effect of land use change were as follows: environmental dimension (3. 61), physical dimension (3. 99), social dimension (3. 421) and economic dimension (58. 3) all obtained at a significant level of 0. 0001. The estimated t-value (246. 11) was larger than the critical value of 1. 96, which confirmed the relationship between test items. Therefore, it can be concluded that expanded residential use, due to population absorption and its associated social impacts such as social differences and economic consequences like increased intermediary businesses and land deals have induced environmental impacts in terms of reduced green space and agricultural lands.

The uncontrolled human activities and overuses of land and resources are the main causes of land use changes in a regional scale. The political ecology as a theoretical approach can be applied to shed a light on the quality and rate of human interventions and their impacts on land use system. The process of land use change in rural areas of Iran as well as Hamedan county has experienced a fast track. A prominent example of such changes is the expansion of construction in agricultural, garden and pasture lands around the rural settlements in forms of villas, second homes and rural houses extensions. The present study tracks the changes of land use in agricultural lands, pastures, constructions, barren lands and water bodies in peripheral villages of Hamedan city using Landsat imagery during 1998-2017. The applied method to the present study is a descriptive-analytical with an applicable approach which uses both quantitative and qualitative patterns of research. GIS was used for quantitative analysis and creating map layers. For qualitative analysis, the emphasis was on participatory approaches. Then, the obtained data and information were combined, categorized, and ranked using A’ WOT method. The results of the study showed that some factors such as: slope, rainfall, soil fertility and rural population changes did not have a significant effect on land use change. Also, contrary to claims, it was indicated that poorer groups of the society are less affective actors of land grabbing and land use changes than the rich groups. Distance from Hamedan city and its surrounding highways have had a significant effect on land cover changes. According to the results of the present research, human factors, especially political factors, power and wealth relations were the most important factors of land use and land cover changes in the study area.

Those eco-tourism resorts that are principally built and are compatible to virgin rural environments are considered as the important elements of tourism services especially eco-tourism. One of the most important principles of such resorts is their architectural criteria. There are many eco-tourism attractions in Guilan province which is a suitable place for establishing eco-tourism resorts. The growing number of tourists in the study area necessitates enough attention to the architecture of such resorts. The aim of present study is to do an architectural comparative evaluation of two eco-tourism resorts namely Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht with special attention to their physical structure and related attributes. Required data was collected based on architectural parameters including physical structure, planning, atheistic and environmental indices through theoretical study and field observations. A qualitative method through deductive analysis was applied to assess the data. The results indicated that in compare to Deylmay Gasht, Telarkhaneh Bordbar resort is standing on a higher level of architectural structure and its construction is more different from native buildings. There exist family management and presentation of local culture and native arts in both resorts, but the architectural similarity with local buildings is more observable in Deylmay Gasht resort. Meanwhile, the lack of capital and high cost of traditional architecture apply to both resorts. Also, local people are interested in development and promotion of both resorts. The final result of the present study recommends betterment for Deylemay Gasht resort and improvement for Telarkhaneh Bordbar resort.