JOURNAL OF EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:19|Papers Count:7

Many methods have been proposed in the literature for solving Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problems, which may create different prioritization for a unique problem. The validity of the methods depends on preserving the rankings in the case of adding or removing irrelevant alternatives. Irrelevant alternatives are those which their evaluations regard to any attribute is worse than the best selected alternative or any other alternative which has not been chosen. In other words, the validity of prioritization not only depends on not to create a different prioritization with removing the worst alternative, but also depends on to create an upward prioritization for other alternatives when the best alternative elemintates from the set of alternatives. Furthermore, when diverse normalization process use for the problem, the results must not change. Furthermore, different normalization processes do not have any effect on the rankings. In this paper, a zero-one programming model with a weighted sum minimization objective function has been constructed. Any constraint which relates to each attribute needs to have a slack or surplus variable for standardization. These constraints with real world constraints (for instance, budget constraint) forms the model constraints. Three case studies adapted from literature review, which have been normalized with different normalization procedures, solved with new model. The results demonstrate rank reversal phenomena has not been occurred.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of organizational silence on group work effectiveness with the mediating role of organizational identity. The statistical population included 2013 employees of Isfahan Municipality. The sample size was determined equal to 323 via two-phase sampling as well as cluster sampling and proportional stratified sampling by means of Cochran formula. The data was collected through standard questionnaires of Wakola and Boradas' organizational silence (2005), Robbins' (2007) group work effectiveness and Cheney's (1983) organizational identity. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed via content validity and reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis and testing of hypotheses were carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM) and Spss 24 and Amos 24 software. The results revealed that organizational silence has a significant negative effect on group work effectiveness with path coefficient equal to-0. 39 and it has a significant negative effect on group work effectiveness with the mediating role of organizational identity with a path coefficient equal to-0. 457. Also, based on the results of the secondary hypotheses, organizational silence is effective on dimensions of group work effectiveness including contextual factors, group composition, job design, and process variables with path coefficients of-0. 38,-0. 47,-0. 49 and-0. 55 respectively.

In the economic literature of today's world, it is generally assumed that the role and the importance of the financial and monetary systems, and above all the banking System for the implementation and the growth of the economy is undeniable. Moreover, it sounds logical and imperative to design an appropriate model for the identification and appointment of competent senior managers. In an attempt to materialize the aims and achieve the goals of Resilient Economy, it is imperative to identity and appoint competent managers in the banking system. This research is an exploratory mixed – design (qualitative – quantitative) study which strove to investigate the performance of senior managers through a competency model with regard to the policies of resident economy. For the qualitative phase of the study the literature of the study was thoroughly explored and the techniques of the Ground theory were meticulously applied. Then interviews were conducted with 25 senior managers using Snowball Method (Theoretical Saturation) the data were subsequently coded in three level and analyzed. As a result, a model based on competency-based dimensions, competency components and competency indicators of senior banking managers was extracted. Then, in a quantitative research for measuring the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 281 senior managers of government banks. For data analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis has been used by SPSS and AMOS software. The results of this study showed that all dimensions and components of the suitability model were confirmed.

Decision making about the structure of strategic alliances, beside the decision about goal and scope of alliance and decision about partner selection, is one of the three fundamental questions that should be addressed to form successful strategic alliances. It is believed successful alliances must accomplish two goals which both of them are related to alliance structure: coordinate the optimal combination of productive resources across parties and mitigate the risks of opportunistic behavior. Literature review reveals scattered and sometimes contradictory findings about structural framework of strategic alliances. Hence, current research is tried to provide a concluding remark of effecting factors on choosing between contractual-based and trust-based structural frameworks of strategic alliances with meta-analytics method. After reviewing and filtering of 516 scholarly papers which published in reputed scholarly international journal in a 15 years period (2002-2017), thirty eight papers were put in meta-analytics process and twenty four factors were identified. Findings from this meta-analytics showed that optimal configuration of formal and relational governance mechanisms in an alliance is contingent, and contractual-based and trust-based frameworks are complementary governance. It also showed that legal safeguard, legal system, trust, formal control and opportunism have the most effect and shared governance mechanisms has the least effect on decision about choosing between the structural frameworks of strategic alliances, among others.

The company's business strategy reflects how the company is competitive in the company's chosen market. The company can, in order to strengthen its business strategy, adopt a set of policies and activities that will enable them to gain a sustainable competitive edge in their preferred market. As the company's strategies affect the company's research and development activities, the strategy that the company chooses can also affect the amount of disclosure by the company. Therefore, in this research, the effect of commercial strategies on the disclosure of research and development activities has been studied. The required data of this study were collected from 86 member companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2016 with the help of RahAward software and Tehran Stock Exchange website. In this research, a checklist was used to measure the disclosure of research and development activities. The statistical technique used to test hypotheses is multivariate regression. Research findings in relation to the first hypothesis test show that the differentiation strategy has a significant positive effect on disclosure of research and development activities. Also, the findings of the second hypothesis show that cost leadership strategy has a negative and significant effect on the disclosure of research and development activities. These findings can be useful for managers and policymakers to decide on and plan regular programs in order to select the type of company's strategies.

The current economic situation of the country, the growth of container terminals and the competitive market of this industry, obliges container terminal managers to keep their current customers and absorb new customers to save the interests of the organization. Since the customer satisfaction of container terminals has complex and various factors, the present study is determined and identified the degree of influence among factors of customer satisfaction with fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). This study are Identified the factors related to customer satisfaction of the container terminal through studying the library and interviewing experts and then the degree of influence of each factors on each other by using the interview with experts of container terminal in bushehr province are determined. Then the matrix obtained in Fcmapper software and the fuzzy cognitive map is drawn. Three important indicators are centrality identified in terms of operator performance, speed of unloading and loading operations, and service quality, respectively, such that managers will pay special attention to these indicators when policy are taken. The present research is enabled the container terminal managers of bushehr province to using centralized indexes and identifying effective clusters in the fuzzy cognitive map to apply appropriate policies to increase customer satisfaction. According to this, two important clusters are recognized and suggested to management in order to increase customer satisfaction. Also, using of modern equipment and supervising cargo handling is useful to increase the competence of the staff.

Since the main mission of public organizations is to continuously improve the quality of services provided to citizens, cynic employees are seriously threatened by the severe impact of the workplace to fulfilling this important mission. Therefore, it is necessary that each organization design strategies to minimize organizational cynicism. Accordingly, the present study considers the effect of the organizational goal ambiguity on organizational cynicism with regard to the important factor of "perception of organizational politics". The statistical population consisted of managers and staffs of 18 public organizations, of which 926 were selected randomly for the sample. For data collection, a questionnaire was used in Likert scale. Validity and reliability of questionnaires for each variable were confirmed by construct validity and Alpha-Cronbach's coefficient. The analysis of the research data was carried out by structural equation modeling and path analysis, Smart PLS software and SPSS. The results show that, in addition to the effective role of goal ambiguity in targeting organizational cynicism, the organizational goal ambiguity through the perception of organizational politics has a significant impact on the formation of organizational cynicism.