Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
Year:2019 | Volume:23 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

Background: Streptococcus mutans is a main bacteria caused by tooth decay. In the present study, antibacterial activities of the essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract of EucalyptusMicrotheca and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as compared to some different standard antibiotics, was evaluated against S. mutans. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, bactericidal activities of the mentioned essential oil, extract, AgNPs, and the selected antibiotics including Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Chloramphenicol, and Ciprofloxacin were evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method against S. mutans. The main bioactive compounds presented in the essential oil and extract of E. microtheca were detected using gas chromatography technique (GC-MS). All the obtained results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software and the comparison test using Dunken with 95% of significance level was used. Results: The results obtained indicated that maximum clear zone area with diameter of 23± 0. 2 mm was observed for the samples containing essential oil and extract of E.-microtheca and AgNPs. While the minimum clear zone (7± 0. 1 mm) war related to the sample containing essential oil of E. microtheca and AgNPs. The results also indicated that the clear zone diameter for the samples containing Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Chloramphenicol, and Ciprofloxacin were 8± 0. 1, 22± 0. 2 and 9± 0. 1 mm, respectively. GCMS analysis indicated that there were 44 bioactive compounds in the essential oil of E.-microtheca which Eucalyptol, alpha-Pinene and L-trans-Pinocarol were the most important components. Furthermore, the extract of E. microtheca was contained 30 bioavtive compounds which Eucalyptol, Globulol and Aroman dendron were its main components. Conclusion: The results showed that silver nanoparticles in combination with extract and essential oil of E. microtheca have antimicrobial activity against S. mutans.

Background: Bystander effect is defined as biological responses observed in cells that are not exposed to radiation directly but these radiation effects are induced through messages from irradiated cells. One of the non-invasive methods for cancer treatment is ultrasound waves. The therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound waveslike treatment with ionizing radiation can be altered by the bystander effect, so it is necessary to evaluate the bystander effect after ultrasound exposure. In this study, the effect of ultrasound exposure on the expression of P53 gene in neighboring cells has been investigated. Materials and Methods: The cells were divided into three groups: control (without treatment), target (under direct ultrasound exposure) and the bystander (no radiation, only receiving target cells culture media). In the target group, the cells were exposed to the ultrasound and after one hour their culture medium were transferred to the bystander group. Cell viability and the expression of P53 gene by using the MTT assay and Real-time PCR was analyzed. Results: The percentage of cell survival in the target group was reduced compared to the control group, but in the bystander group, this difference was not significant. The expression of P53 gene in the bystander group was statistically increased compared to the control group. Conclusion: The bystander effect is induced after ultrasound exposure and it can increase the level of P53 gene expression in bystander cells.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with many pathological changes and liver damage is one of the most important consequences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and the royal jelly on AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in the patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 42 MS patients were divided into 4 groups: 1-"Exercise +Royal Jelly" (n=10), 2-"Exercise +Placebo" (n=10), 3-"Royal Jelly" (n=11), 4-"Placebo" (n=11). The Exercise started with an ergometer at 60% HRmax for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week then increased steadily in the sixth week to 80% HRmax. The daily dose of the royal jelly was 1000 mg. Plasma concentration of the liver enzymes was measured before and after the study. Results: The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes were significantly reduced compared to the pre-test in the groups of the "Exercise+Royal Jelly" and "Exercise+Placebo" (P<0. 05). Also, the ALT enzyme showed a significant decrease in the "Royal Jelly" group. The results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant reduction of the enzymes in the "Exercise+Royal Jelly" and the "Exercise + Placebo" groups compared to the "control" and the "Royal Jelly" groups at the end of the sixth week (P<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that the aerobic exercise and the royal jelly consumption together had the most decreasing effect on serum levels of the liver enzymes in the multiple sclerosis patients, and It has a positive effect on the hepatic enzymes and especially the levels of ALT enzymes in patients.

Background: One of the most important factors in the development of infertility is oxidative damagewhich is mentioned by free radicals. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant compound that is able to recover free radicals preventing tissue damage as well as protecting the sperm. This study aimed to summarize the data from the clinical trials in relation to the effects of NAC on oxidative stress parameters, sperm count, motility, and morphology of the sperms in the infertile men. Materials and Methods: By searching in the scientific databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science using the N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC, Infertility, Sterility, Sub-fertility keywords, articles released between in 1990-2018 were extracted. Only clinical trials were studied and other types including cross-sectional, prospective, retrospective, overview, etc were excluded. Therefore, the inclusion criteria for this study were considered N-acetylcysteine supplementation. Result: NAC, as part of glutathione plays a role in restoring reserves and increasing antioxidant activity and due to its sulfidryl group it has the ability to clear free radicals by reacting with reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, increasing the production of active oxygen species due to the imbalance between peroxide and antioxidant substances on the sperm plasma membrane could have a negative effect on sperm performance. Conclusion: In most studies, the positive effects of NAC supplementation on sperm parameters, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzymes have been proven, but due to the shortage of studies, more trials are needed.

Background: General anxiety disorder is one of the serious problems in mental health. The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of tDCS on experiential avoidance and worry of people with general anxiety disorder. Materials and Methods: In study, 30 person with general anxiety disorder were selected from Tehran clinic’ s clients using purposeful sampling. All subjects were evaluated before and after treatment by Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQII) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Subjects randomly were divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects in experimental group received tDCS. Training sessions were conducted for 15 days, each day one session 20 minutes in F3/F4 with an intensity of 2 mA. Results: Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group in improving the experiential avoidance and worry (P=0. 001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that tDCS can improve experiential avoidance and worry in people with general anxiety disorder.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) decreases the quality of life of the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognitive fusion, cognitive and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in the female patients with MS. Materials and Methods: 50 female patients with MS were randomly assigned to receive ACT and life skills training (LSE). ACT treatment was performed for 8 consecutive weeks and each session was 90 minutes for the intervention group. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and SPSS-24 software. Results: Variance analysis showed no significant difference between the two ACT and LSE groups in terms of changes in cognitive fusion, physical symptoms of anxiety, cognitive symptoms of anxiety and quality of life and the score of all variables was significantly decreased in the two groups (P<0. 05). Also, there was a significant relationship between time and cognitive fusion (F=11. 38, P<0. 001), physical symptoms of anxiety (F=5. 62, P<0. 01), cognitive anxiety symptoms (F=7. 17, P<0. 006), and quality of life (F=4. 17, P<0. 01) conveying that over time the above variables were changed. Conclusion: Based on this study, ACT therapy can be used to treat and reduce cognitive fusion, cognitive and physical symptoms of anxiety, and improve the quality of life female patients with MS.

Background: Today, important proteins and pathways have been identified that lead to the regulation of the white adipose tissue and converting it to brown adipose tissue, the proteins PPARγ and PRDM16 are key proteins in this setting. Diabetes is one of the major causes of obesity and complications that can interfere in the function of these two proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on the content of PPARγ and PRDM16 proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic obese male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 Sprague-Dawley male rats (mean weight of 300± 20 gr) were selected and after induction of diabetes by injection of STZ and nicotinamide was randomly assigned into two groups: diabetic training and diabetic control. The experimental group performed HIIT training for 4 weeks, accordance with the training program for 4 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. Independent T-test was used to analyze the data. Results: Significant change was not observed in the content of PPARγ (P=0. 16) and PRDM16 (P=0. 83) proteins in HIIT training group compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, HIIT training has not led to significant change the content of PPARγ and PRDM16 proteins. It seems to the intensity of HIIT training be a major contributor to the result that should be taken into consideration.

Background: Women with breast cancer do not have a desirable antioxidant defense system, especially catalase, lipid oxidation and aerobic power. Considering the effect of exercise training on these factors, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity circuit training on serum levels of catalase and malondialdehyde, and the aerobic power in breast cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 17 women rescued from breast cancer volunteered and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=9) and control (n=8). Subjects participated in an 8-week HICT protocol that performed 3 sessions per week. 24 hours before and 48 hours after the training protocol, the fasting blood sample was taken by the laboratory expert between 7: 30 minutes to 8 hours. Serum levels of catalase and malondialdehyde, and maximum oxygen consumption were measured. The analysis of covariance was used to identify any significant differences and statistical significance was set at P<0. 05. Results: The results showed that Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P=0. 90), weight (P=0. 284) and malondialdehyde (P=0. 154) had a non-significant difference and in the variables of Vo2max (P=0. 0005) and catalase (P=0. 036) there is a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that short-term and effective exercise training such as HICT training, should be used with a view to facilitating and beneficial effects for women with breast cancer in order to reduce oxidative stress and improve aerobic capacity as a nonpharmacological supplement.

Background: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Endostatin (ES) are the most important causes of angiogenesis and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. One of the treatment methods for this disease is applying exercise program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of incremental aerobic training on improving the status of angiogenesis and balance in VEGF and ES factors in myocardial infarction in the rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study with control group, 20 Wistar rats (8 weeks and weighing 230± 30 g) were randomly divided into two groups (each group has 10 Rat) of incremental endurance training and the control group after induction of infarction with Isoproteronol (150 mg. kg). The training group was exposed to an aerobic training program for (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, for 20 to 50 minutes at speeds of 12 to 18 meters per minute). Twenty four hours after the last training session, venous blood samples were collected from the serum levels of VEGF and ES and evaluated by ELISA method. Independent t-test was used at the significant level of P<0. 05 to analyze the data. Results: The results of t-test indicated that incremental aerobic training significantly increased serum levels of VEGF in rats with myocardial infarction (P=0. 04). However, there was no significant change in serum ES levels after exercise program (P=0. 58). Conclusion: Incremental aerobic training seems to increase VEGF in the rats with myocardial infarction which can play an important role in the improvement of angiogenesis processes and the replacement of closed capillaries.

Background: Hyperarousal is one of the main pathological mechanism in chronic insomnia. This study aimed to comparing biological and psychological hyperarousal in response to cognitive behavior therapy (with or without metacognitive techniques) in insomnia patients. Materials and Methods: After taking diagnostic assessment and checking inclusive and exclusive criteria, four patients (1 male and 3 female; age 21-34) were allocated to two condition, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and cognitive behavior therapy with metacognitive techniques (CBT+). All of the patients were assessed six times by indirect calorimeter, pre-sleep arousal scale, and sleep efficiency (SE). The data were analyzed using clinical significant (recovery percent), effect size, and diagnostic recovery. Results: In initial sessions (session 1 to 3), we observed a little compatibility between the biological and psychological hyperarousal. As sessions of CBT or CBT+ proceed, compatibility between the biological and psychological hyperarousal increased. In addition, in post-treatment and 3 month follow-up, both the interventions decreased hyperarousal significantly. Effect sizes were between 0. 74 to 1. 93. Furthermore, sleep efficiency of all the patients in the post-treatment and 3-month follow-up was between 89 to 94 and 88 to 90, respectively. Conclusion: Unlike few initial sessions, compatibility between the biological and psychological hyperarousal increased at the post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Both the treatments can decrease the hyperarousal and increase the sleep efficiency significantly.

Background: Despite the passing of many years of introduction of peritoneal dialysis as a replacement therapy for renal function, the rate of acceptance of this method is still low. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational program based on the removal of barrierson knowledge and intention to do peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Materials and Methods: In a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study, 45 patients with peritoneal dialysis who had criteria for entering the study were selected in a purposive sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. After the sampling, an educational program based on the removal reported barriers in the research background was presented to the subjects. The program was presented individually and mainly in a 60-to 75-minute session. The results were analyzed by paired t-test and McNemar test. Results According to the results of this study, the implementation of educational program based on removal of barriers significantly increased the knowledge of patients about peritoneal dialysis (P<0. 01). Although the prevalence of patients with peritoneal dialysis increased in the post-test phase, the results showed that this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Providing an educational program based on removal of barriers can increase knowledge of the patients about the peritoneal dialysis in the short term. In order to increase their willingness and practical intention to perform this type of dialysis, long-term interventions at the hospital and family levels are required.

Background: Increasing the elderly's balance through physical activity not only results in improved health and increases the independence of the elderly, but also reduces the heavy costs associated with the fall which imposed on family and society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and determine the benefits of the Pilates exercises on the static balance, dynamic balance, and functional balance of the elderly. Materials and Methods: The papers which was published from March 2010 to 2018 were included in this study. The Pilates keywords were searched together with aging, elderly, and old subjects. The research literature was done in the Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and SID databases. Results: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that the Pilates exercises had a significant and high effect size (P=0. 000) on time up and go time (TUG) (Hedges g=1. 078), the significant and moderate effect size on the functional balance (Hedges g=0. 685), and the significant and low effect size on the static equilibrium (Hedges g=0. 668). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis study showed that the Pilates exercises were effective exercises to improve static, dynamic, and the functional balance in the elderly subjects. More high-quality research is needed to examine the effect of the Pilates exercises on other aspects of the balance in the elderly as well as assess the effectiveness of the Pilates program in longer time and during the follow up program.